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A virtuous cycle is a self-reinforcing process where positive outcomes lead to further positive outcomes, creating a beneficial feedback loop. In various contexts, such as economics or social systems, it describes how improvements in one area can enhance conditions in another, fostering overall growth and development.

The study aims to explore the factors shaping the pace of economic growth in countries, particularly in the context of countries. The study seeks to address the ongoing discussion about the direction of causality between savings and...more

The study aims to explore the factors shaping the pace of economic growth in countries, particularly in the context of countries. The study seeks to address the ongoing discussion about the direction of causality between savings and economic growth, drawing parallels with the classic "egg or chicken first" question.

Purpose: The study aims to explore the factors shaping the pace of economic growth in countries, particularly in the context of Developing-8 (D-8) countries. The study seeks to address the ongoing discussion about the direction of...more

Purpose: The study aims to explore the factors shaping the pace of economic growth in countries, particularly in the context of Developing-8 (D-8) countries. The study seeks to address the ongoing discussion about the direction of causality between savings and economic growth, drawing parallels with the classic "egg or chicken first" question.

Competition has undoubtedly increased substantially over the last decade for several reasons. The Internet has been far and away the largest contributor to the rise in competitive markets due to establishing an online business has lower...more

Competition has undoubtedly increased substantially over the last decade for several reasons. The Internet has been far and away the largest contributor to the rise in competitive markets due to establishing an online business has lower operating costs and greater flexibility. Companies must have internet business ideas to survive to stay competitive in today's markets. Crowdsourcing is a phenomenon receiving highly attention both inside and outside of academia. With the rapid development of Web2.0 and social media, an emerging business model like a raging fire impacts on the market: a crowdsourcing platform. Crowdsourcing platforms provide a good environment to fulfill people's needs and seize value from providing products and services. It is important to understand what drives people to deliver and capture values from a crowdsourcing platform. The purpose of this paper is to explore how service participation works on successful crowdsourcing platforms in their cycles. We focus on why do participants (both sides of supply and demand) are willing to join into the platform to provide services and request services, finding out their virtuous cycles on the platforms in different applications. This study is the first of its kind to explore how service participation works on successful crowdsourcing platforms in their cycles. We will use a qualitative multiple case study, which facilitated an exploration of the phenomenon in an area that has received little theoretical development and allowed us to study the cycle of service participation on crowdsourcing platform in a real-life context. The results may reveal us some significant driving factors on why people are willing to provide and request services on crowdsourcing platforms and what important strategies should be taken while running a crowdsourcing platform. This not only gives us a more broaden view of crowdsourcing and platform operating, but also provides companies, which use crowdsourcing platform to run their business, a more realistic decision making references.

Defining and delimiting corporate social responsibility (CSR) and irresponsibility (CSI) are key interdependent tasks that can contribute to the development of multiple international policy regimes favoring CSR and disfavoring CSI....more

Defining and delimiting corporate social responsibility (CSR) and irresponsibility (CSI) are key interdependent tasks that can contribute to the development of multiple international policy regimes favoring CSR and disfavoring CSI. Progress toward a more general normative theory of CSR and CSI occurs through an emerging virtuous cycle of interaction between conceptualization and institutionalization processes. This article makes a contribution to each process. The conceptualization contribution derives logically more universal conceptions of CSR and CSI from a literature review. Universal conceptions can incorporate multiple options and permit variation and evolution. The "essentially contested" character of a "cluster concept" is partly about influencing legal and ethical standards, public policies, and specific business practices. The second contribution argues that a more logically universal schema is desirable for helping to inform institutionalization processes. Gradual ongoing development of multiple regimes for CSI control and CSR promotion involves fragmented persuasion and negotiation processes at national and international levels.

We study the affective states exhibited by students using an intelligent tutoring system for Scatterplots with and without an interactive software agent, Scooter the Tutor. Scooter the Tutor had been previously shown to lead to improved...more

We study the affective states exhibited by students using an intelligent tutoring system for Scatterplots with and without an interactive software agent, Scooter the Tutor. Scooter the Tutor had been previously shown to lead to improved learning outcomes as compared to the same tutoring system without Scooter. We found that affective states and transitions between affective states were very similar among students in both conditions. With the exception of the "neutral state," no affective state occurred significantly more in one condition over the other. Boredom, confusion, and engaged concentration persisted in both conditions, representing both "virtuous cycles" and "vicious cycles" that did not appear to differ by condition. These findings imply that-although Scooter is well liked by students and improves student learning outcomes relative to the original tutor-Scooter does not have a large effect on students' affective states or their dynamics.

We study the affective states exhibited by students using an intelligent tutoring system for Scatterplots with and without an interactive software agent, Scooter the Tutor. Scooter the Tutor had been previously shown to lead to improved...more

We study the affective states exhibited by students using an intelligent tutoring system for Scatterplots with and without an interactive software agent, Scooter the Tutor. Scooter the Tutor had been previously shown to lead to improved learning outcomes as compared to the same tutoring system without Scooter. We found that affective states and transitions between affective states were very similar among students in both conditions. With the exception of the "neutral state," no affective state occurred significantly more in one condition over the other. Boredom, confusion, and engaged concentration persisted in both conditions, representing both "virtuous cycles" and "vicious cycles" that did not appear to differ by condition. These findings imply that-although Scooter is well liked by students and improves student learning outcomes relative to the original tutor-Scooter does not have a large effect on students' affective states or their dynamics.