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Syriac Studies

description5,307 papers
group69,497 followers
lightbulbAbout this topic
Syriac Studies is an academic field focused on the language, literature, history, and culture of the Syriac-speaking communities, primarily in the context of early Christianity and the Middle East. It encompasses the study of Syriac texts, manuscripts, and the historical development of the Syriac language and its influence on religious and cultural traditions.
lightbulbAbout this topic
Syriac Studies is an academic field focused on the language, literature, history, and culture of the Syriac-speaking communities, primarily in the context of early Christianity and the Middle East. It encompasses the study of Syriac texts, manuscripts, and the historical development of the Syriac language and its influence on religious and cultural traditions.

2025, Ieromonah Ghelasie Gheorghe - Dietoterapia medicinii isihaste

Ieromonah Ghelasie Gheorghe - Dietoterapia medicinii isihaste

2025, Gorgias Press

For centuries, scholars have approached ancient Hebrew and Syriac languages in an effort to better understand the voices of their authors and situate their writing in their appropriate historical and cultural contexts. In the Shadow of...more
For centuries, scholars have approached ancient Hebrew and Syriac languages in an effort to better understand the voices of their authors and situate their writing in their appropriate historical and cultural contexts. In the Shadow of the Author continues this enduring practice by sharing contemporary approaches to uncovering meaning in historical texts from a linguistic perspective and with special emphasis on translation technique and methods in lexicography and linguistic analysis.

2025, Bulletin de la Société d'Archéologie copte, 58

Ten short unpublished "Fraction prayers" of the Coptic liturgy

2025, Hokhma

Lorsque j'ai ouvert un Nouveau Testament pour la première fois, cela faisait quelques mois seulement que j'avais quitté la Yeshiva 1 . Je n'espérais pas trouver dans une autre "religion" la sainteté et la vie intellectuelle du Judaïsme....more
Lorsque j'ai ouvert un Nouveau Testament pour la première fois, cela faisait quelques mois seulement que j'avais quitté la Yeshiva 1 . Je n'espérais pas trouver dans une autre "religion" la sainteté et la vie intellectuelle du Judaïsme. Mes lectures de livres spirituels et d'essais sur les religions m'avaient plutôt confirmé dans l'idée qu'il n'y avait rien pour moi au-delà de ce que j'avais quitté. Et pourtant, dès les premiers mots de l'Évangile, voici que remontaient à la surface les discussions subtiles et acharnées à la recherche de la vérité biblique que j'avais connues à la Yeshiva. Tout dans l'Évangile m'était familier mais tout était nouveau, baignant dans une lumière bien réelle que je n'avais jamais rencontrée. "Cet homme-là", Jésus, prononçait les paroles que je cherchais désespérément à exprimer lors des discussions avec Rav Eliyahou et mes compagnons d'étude. Tout dans l'Évangile faisait résonner en moi la Torah et réveillait cette relation privilégiée d'Israël aux Écritures, mais cette fois la Parole ouvrait dans ma vie une porte sur la lumière. J'appartenais sans le moindre doute et depuis toujours à cette Parole qui donnait chair à la Torah et un sens à l'histoire du peuple juif. A la lumière de ces quelques lignes de témoignage, on comprendra que j'ai toujours eu quelques difficultés à recevoir les arguments qui, sous prétexte de "liberté évangélique", visent à marginaliser la Loi parmi les Écritures. En ce qui me concerne, la lumière de l'Évangile m'a permis, avec la meilleure tradition chrétienne, de lire la Torah dans une perspective prophétique. Le prophète dévoile le sens des événements, il révèle la volonté de Dieu et met à nu les ressorts cachés d'une histoire qui tourne à la catastrophe. D'une manière analogue, la Loi dévoile la volonté divine et les ressorts de l'injustice 1 École juive traditionnelle où l'on étudie la Torah, mais surtout les traditions qui se sont développées dans le Judaïsme autour de la pratique de la Torah et qui sont discutées dans le Talmud. dans l'être humain; elle place devant nous la volonté de Dieu, "le bonheur et la vie" (Dt 30, 15). Simplement, en révélant positivement la volonté de Dieu pour l'être humain, la Torah revêt une dimension plus eschatologique que les oracles prophétiques 2 . Or nous lisons les prophètes d'Israël, nous les aimons et ils sont pour nous, qui appartenons à Jésus Christ, une source inépuisable d'inspiration, comme tout le reste de l'Écriture. Il ne nous viendrait pas à l'idée de négliger la lecture des prophètes sous prétexte qu'ils ont annoncé le Sauveur et que le Sauveur est déjà venu. De même, je ne crois pas que la Loi, parce qu'elle est accomplie en Christ, ait perdu sa force d'inspirer nos actions individuelles et communautaires. Bien au contraire. La Torah est là, dans les Écritures, lue en Christ elle est parole de Dieu. Un trésor de normes éthiques et de valeurs spirituelles nous y est offert que le Nouveau Testament n'a pas ressenti le besoin de répéter puisqu'elles étaient l e s Écritures au temps de la naissance de l'Église. La lumière du Christ suffit à les placer dans leur vraie dynamique. Nous avons le choix de les lire avec le réalisme de la foi, et avec reconnaissance envers le SEIGNEUR, ou bien de nous perdre en considérations abstraites sur la place exacte de la Loi dans l'économie du salut 3 … Le danger étant alors, pour le peuple de Dieu, de perdre la perception vive de son histoire, laquelle fait une halte solennelle au pied du Sinaï. Cette amnésie du Sinaï, comme toute rupture dans la mémoire d'un individu ou d'une communauté, est une perte d'identité, et donc une altération du rapport à la réalité 4 . C'est pourquoi l'Église a toujours refusé cette rupture et a lutté contre ceux qui la prônaient. Je vous invite donc à découvrir, dans quelques unes de ses lois, la dimension évangélique de la Torah. J'ai choisi à dessein des lois économiques, car il me semble qu'un séminaire d'éthique fondé sur l'Écriture doit prioritairement développer ce thème qui revient tout au long de la Loi et des Prophètes, alors que les questions de morale sexuelle qui obsèdent la réflexion contemporaine sont largement minoritaires dans les textes bibliques. Et ce n'est pas un hasard. L'oubli du Créateur, avec tous ses effets pervers, commence d'abord dans l'oubli de ce que l'on est une créature. Et cet oubli, qui 2 Les prophètes eux-mêmes ont souligné le caractère eschatologique du projet de Dieu révélé dans la Loi, par ex. Is 2, 1-4 et Mi 4, 2; Is 42, 1-7; Jr 31, 31-34, etc.; voir plus loin la section 7.4. sur le statut prophétique de la Loi. 3 Il me semble qu'il y a dans cette seconde attitude une forme latente de légalisme sur laquelle je reviendrai plus loin, dans la section 7.3. 4 Cette amnésie est aussi une amnésie des liens indissolubles entre le peuple juif et le Corps du Messie dans le projet de Dieu pour l'humanité. Elle conduit trop souvent encore au dénigrement du Judaïsme et à la caricature facile de la pratique juive de la Torah.

2025, Egy Város mind fölött

Számos tanulmány foglalkozott a Zsidókhoz írt levél irodalmi szerkezetével és nyelvi stílusával, azonban viszonylag kevés kutatás irányult annak teológiai üzenetére. Jelen tanulmány először néhány bevezető kérdés tisztázásával teremti meg...more
Számos tanulmány foglalkozott a Zsidókhoz írt levél irodalmi szerkezetével és nyelvi stílusával, azonban viszonylag kevés kutatás irányult annak teológiai üzenetére. Jelen tanulmány először néhány bevezető kérdés tisztázásával teremti meg az értelmezés kereteit, majd bemutatja a levélben központi szerepet játszó városmotívumot. Ennek a témának a megvilágításához felhasználjuk Alexandriai Philón gondolatait, a levél fogalmi hátterét, valamint a zsidó apokaliptikát. A szerző a mennyei Jeruzsálem lenyűgöző és erőteljes képét idézi meg, hogy reménnyel töltse el a válsággal szembenéző címzetteket (vö. Zsid 10,32–34), és bátorítást adjon számukra a nehézségek leküzdéséhez. A levél szerzője ügyesen illeszti be a Pentateuchus városközpontú szemléletét a „hely” visszatérő metaforájába, és ezt mesterien szövi össze a zarándoklat és az ígéret témáival.

2025, Allegra Lab

This essay traces how media narratives surrounding unity and inclusion have manifested during the first 100 days of the transitional period in Syria (December 8, 2024—March 18, 2025). We examine Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham’s (HTS) strategic...more
This essay traces how media narratives surrounding unity and inclusion have manifested during the first 100 days of the transitional period in Syria (December 8, 2024—March 18, 2025). We examine Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham’s (HTS) strategic media rebranding campaigns and situate the transitional government’s discourse within the broader context of the sectarianisation of the Syrian conflict since 2011. Drawing on digital ethnography, we assess how the transitional government’s official promises of inclusion have been rendered untenable  by ongoing violence—most notably, the massacres of Alawite civilians by government-aligned forces (March 6—10, 2025). The essay also explores how competing narratives of Syrian national identity are unfolding—some articulated in opposition to narratives of particularistic and exclusionary sectarian and ethnic frameworks. We conclude by arguing that media narratives are central to understanding both the potential and limitations of this pivotal moment in Syria’s transition.

2025, Religion in Communist Lands

Patriarch Justinian of the Romanian Orthodox Church died on 26 March 1977. His death raises questions about the future of the Romanian Orthodox Church. The late Patriarch ruled the Church for 29 years, almost from the time when the...more
Patriarch Justinian of the Romanian Orthodox Church died on 26 March 1977. His death raises questions about the future of the Romanian Orthodox Church. The late Patriarch ruled the Church for 29 years, almost from the time when the Romanian Communist Party took control of the country in 1947. Many people, both within the Orthodox Church and outside, believe that Justinian's personal relationships and convictions were an essential ingredient in the preservation of the Church's relative prospei-ity under. socialism. He left behind him a thriving Church of 10,OO() parishes with trained clergy to fill them all; two theological institutes of 1,400 students studying at undergraduate or graduate leveP and a reordered monastic life which has managed to preserve its spiritual vitality.2 The Romanian Orthodox Church has enhanced its prestige abroad by taking part in ecumenical affairs: it has participated in the deliberations of the WCC, it has sent speakers to address international conferences, and has promoted the regular exchange of its graduate students with the world's leading theological colleges. Theological education, the pastoral ministry, and monasticism were the• three major concerns of Justinian as he began his life as Patriarch on 6. June 1948. His speeches, writings and sermons from the whole perio'a. of his Patriarchate were collected and published in a series entitled Apostolat Socia1. 3 The basis of his thought,which later motivated his ministry, was expressed in the early volumes.' The "social apostolate" ("apbstolat social") has become the term which defines what present~day Romanian Orthodox theologians and hierarchs underStand to be the true role of the Christian Church, not only in a socialist system but throughout the world. The focal point of the "social apostolate" is service: 5 the Church must cease being preoccupied with itself, its, statu$, its rights, and go out to serve mankind in the name of Christ the Servant. Such service inv~lves paying special attention to the areas' of greatest need in the suffering world: the undernourished,' homeless, exploited. Great emphasis is placed on the need for peace in the world; The early statements of Patriarch Justinian indicate that his launchin~

2025, The Pastoral Review

Some rituals are so simple that they pass us by! A case is point is that we stand together when we make requests of God when we take part in the Prayer of the Faithful in the assembly. The interesting thing to note is that it is not just...more
Some rituals are so simple that they pass us by! A case is point is that we stand together when we make requests of God when we take part in the Prayer of the Faithful in the assembly. The interesting thing to note is that it is not just a string of petitions simply bunched into one place for neatness: it is not the Prayers of the Faithful, but the Prayer. It is part of the task of the People of God to voice its needs, the needs of the community, and the needs of humanity before God. Voicing our needs is not the same as giving God information nor is equivalent to bothering God in the hope that more and more noise might move God to action! Voicing our needs is an acknowledgement of where we are as needy creatures, a declaration of our dependence on God, and a confession that the answer to the world's problems is greater than the creation.

2025, Der Islam

Striking a middle ground between apocalyptic and anti-apocalyptic understandings of Islamic origins, Part I of this article argues that Muḥammad is best understood as a proto-apocalyptic figure who adhered to a prophetic eschatology...more
Striking a middle ground between apocalyptic and anti-apocalyptic understandings of Islamic origins, Part I of this article argues that Muḥammad is best understood as a proto-apocalyptic figure who adhered to a prophetic eschatology infused with apocalyptic elements. Chief among these is a belief in the imminent advent of the Hour, heralded by a divine warrior descending on the clouds-a theophanic motif rooted in the Ancient Near Eastern combat myth and inherited through the biblical "Day of Yahweh" (yōm yahweh) and the New Testament's "Day of the Lord." Coupled with the nearness topos found across scriptural traditions (root: q-r-b), this motif signals eschatological imminence. Yet, in the Qurʾān, such imminentism is tempered by epistemic humility, eschatological uncertainty, and historical indeterminacy. Part II of this article examines the attenuation of this eschatological urgency in the Medinan Qurʾān. Against the prevailing two-stage thesis, a three-stage qurʾānic eschatology is put forward. The First Meccan corpus anticipates "the Day of Victory" (yawm al-fatḥ), mirroring the New Testament's Day of the Lord. The Medinan period marks a partial eschatological reconfiguration, wherein military victory (fatḥ) evokes the Day of Yahweh's theophanic presence on the battlefield. The Second Meccan phase is inaugurated by the Conquest of Mecca (fatḥ makka), at which point in time a fully realized eschatology is articulated: Mecca's rejection of pagan ritual and its collective turn to the proper worship of God (dīn allāh) constitute a "manifest victory" (fatḥ mubīn), resulting in the lifting of the imminent eschatological threat and the re-sanctification of the Mother of Cities (umm al-qurā).

2025, The Silenced Crime: Forcible Child Transfer During the Armenian Genocide, ed. by Edita Gzoyan, 185-207

Dr., is the Director of the Armenian Genocide Museum-Institute Foundation and a leading researcher specializing in the legal and historical aspects of the Armenian Genocide Cover illustration: AGMI Collection, Armenian refugees gathered...more
Dr., is the Director of the Armenian Genocide Museum-Institute Foundation and a leading researcher specializing in the legal and historical aspects of the Armenian Genocide Cover illustration: AGMI Collection, Armenian refugees gathered from the Salt region and transferred to Jerusalem Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek. The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data available online: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher.

2025, مبانی فقهی حقوق اسسلامی

The issue of child labor has been a topic of interest for decades, but studies and policies related to child labor have focused on boys, assuming that girls' needs and desires are the same as theirs. Failure to pay attention to gender...more
The issue of child labor has been a topic of interest for decades, but studies and policies related to child labor have focused on boys, assuming that girls' needs and desires are the same as theirs. Failure to pay attention to gender differences in child labor has often led to the invisibility of girls' work. The aim of this study is to highlight the gender dimension of child labor. The method of this study is a secondary research study and was conducted through a systematic review method. The study population of this study includes all studies on child labor conducted in and outside the country. After counting these studies and assessing their quality, 37 studies were selected. The findings of the study show that the work of girls and boys differs in terms of the level of presence, form of work, income and control over it, and the consequences of work. This difference can be explained by gender biases, parental expectations, opportunities, discrimination, and the way work is organized. Gender bias and social preference for sons have caused parents to pay more attention to sons, to invest in their growth and success, to victimize girls for boys, and to limit their growth and progress. This is a basis for girls to enter the workforce, while their work is not counted. Child labor has serious harms for boys and girls, and due to some social expectations and the gender of children, its consequences are worse for girls. It is necessary to pay attention to the issue of gender in child labor in studies and policy-making so that this issue can be accurately recognized and policies and programs can be more specifically focused on eliminating child labor.

موضوع کار کودکان چندین دهه است که موردتوجه بوده است، اما مطالعات و سیاست‌ها مربوط به کار کودکان بر پسران متمرکز بوده‌اند، با این فرض که نیازها و خواسته‌های دختران با آنان یکسان است. عدم توجه به تفاوت‌های جنسیتی در کار کودکان اغلب منجر به نامرئی شدن کار دختران شده است. هدف این مطالعه برجسته‌کردن سویه جنسیت در کار کودکان است. روش این مطالعه از نوع مطالعات ثانویه و به روش مرور نظام‌مند انجام‌شده است. جامعه مطالعه این پژوهش کلیه مطالعات شامل مطالعات صورت گرفته در خصوص کار کودکان است که در داخل و خارج از کشور انجام‌شده‌اند. پس از احصاء این مطالعات و ارزیابی کیفیت آن‌ها 37 مطالعه انتخاب شد. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهد کار کودکان دختر و پسر به لحاظ میزان حضور، شکل کار، درامد و کنترل بر آن و پیامدهای کار متفاوت است. این تفاوت را می‌توان با  سوگیری‌های جنسیتی، انتظارات والدین، فرصت‌ها، تبعیض‌ها و شیوه سازمان‌دهی کار توضیح داد. سوگیری‌های جنسیتی و ترجیح اجتماعی برای فرزندان پسر باعث شده والدین بیشتر به پسران توجه کنند، در رشد و موفقیت آنان سرمایه‌گذاری، دختران را قربانی پسران و آنان را از رشد و پیشرفت محدود کنند. این امر زمینه‌ای برای ورود دختران به کار است، درحالی‌که کار آن‌ها به‌حساب نمی‌آید. کار کودکان برای پسران و دختران آسیب‌های جدی به همراه دارد و به دلیل برخی از انتظارات اجتماعی و جنس کودکان پیامدهای آن برای دختران بدتر‌ است. لازم است در مطالعات و سیاست‌گذاری‌ها به مسئله جنسیت در کار کودکان توجه شود تا هم شناخت دقیق از این مسئله صورت گیرد و هم سیاست‌ها و برنامه‌های صورت دقیق‌تر معطوف به حذف کار کودکان شود.

2025

The present handbook has been created with the sole purpose of being a support for the students of Ancient Rhetoric (2022/2023) at Universiteit Gent, and covers the three lectures on Near Eastern rhetoric. I created this handbook for...more
The present handbook has been created with the sole purpose of being a support for the students of Ancient Rhetoric (2022/2023) at Universiteit Gent, and covers the three lectures on Near Eastern rhetoric.
I created this handbook for several reasons: first of all, because this is the only part of the course that will be taught in English, and some students might need extra help; secondly, because the students of this course are not expected to have previous knowledge of the history and languages of the Near and Middle East; thirdly, because I would like to make sure that students have a clear overview of the subject that will be taught.
Please bear in mind that this informal handbook is for the exclusive use of this class, and under copyright regulations users are not allowed to circulate it or parts of it.

2025

In this chapter I give an overview of the sources relating to Eastern Christianity in the archives of the Roman Inquisition. For several years, I have been conducting a systematic analysis of these sources, and I will present some case...more
In this chapter I give an overview of the sources relating to Eastern Christianity in the archives of the Roman Inquisition. For several years, I have been conducting a systematic analysis of these sources, and I will present some case studies to illustrate their significance and the importance of the documentation in Oriental languages that can be found there. On the other hand, I will try to argue why it is important even for non-specialists to study the Inquisition’s attitude towards Eastern Christianity, insofar as it represented a challenge to the ecclesiological and disciplinary model of the Counter-Reformation and by pointing out how the problems and di!culties raised by the spread of Catholicism in the East intersected with other controversies that shook the entire Catholic world in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

2025, فصلنامه آوای تاریخ - سال 4 - شماره 6 - تابستان- 1404

A Coin of Uzun Hassan Aq-Quyunlu issued Kashan Mint with Shia-Sunni Inscription: An Attempt to Reconciliation of the Islamic Madhhabs in the Ninth Hijri Century

2025, KAPU

Bu çalışmanın amacı; Geleneksel Aksaray Evleri’nin geçirdiği değişim ve dönüşümler üzerinde durarak, özgün işlevini günümüze kadar sürdüren bu evlerin mekân kurgusunda meydana gelen değişimlerin zaman içerisinde kullanıcı ihtiyaçlarına...more
Bu çalışmanın amacı; Geleneksel Aksaray Evleri’nin geçirdiği değişim ve dönüşümler üzerinde durarak, özgün
işlevini günümüze kadar sürdüren bu evlerin mekân kurgusunda meydana gelen değişimlerin zaman içerisinde
kullanıcı ihtiyaçlarına göre nasıl biçimlendiğini karşılaştırmalı olarak bir örnek üzerinden incelemektir. Örnek
olarak seçilen ev, restore edilmeden çağdaş donatılarla güne uyarlanan ve konumu nedeniyle Taşpazar Mahallesi
Kentsel Sit Alanı içerisinde bulunan Hacı Osman Ünsal Evi (Ünsallar Konağı)’dir. Sağlam bir halde ayakta kalmış
olan ev, cephe özelliklerinin büyük bir kısmını korumaktadır. Ev hakkında önceden yapılmış çalışmaların
bulunması ve günümüzdeki durumunun belgelenebilir nitelikte olması evin seçilmesindeki önemli etkenlerdir.
Tüm bu veriler doğrultusunda Hacı Osman Ünsal Evi’nin geçirdiği değişim ve dönüşümler; yazılı kaynaklardan
edinilen ve kullanıcılardan alınan bilgilere göre ele alınmıştır. Buna bağlı olarak, evin mekân kurgusunda meydana
gelen değişiklikler elde edilen kat planları üzerine işlenmiş ve cephe düzenine ait değişimler fotoğraflarla ortaya
konmaya çalışılmıştır. Böylece Hacı Osman Ünsal Evi’nin örneği üzerinden Geleneksel Aksaray Evleri’nin değişim
ve dönüşüm gerekçeleri ve kullanım süreklilikleri tartışılmıştır.

2025, LOGOS

The article analyses the intertext of ancient Greek philosophers in the discursive practices of early modern preaching of the 17 th century. It has been found that preachers usually did not leave references to the works they were...more
The article analyses the intertext of ancient Greek philosophers in the discursive practices of early modern preaching of the 17 th century. It has been found that preachers usually did not leave references to the works they were referring to, because the works were familiar to them and could easily be recalled from memory. Thus, the use of "other people's words" had the character of quotation, retelling, or allusion. The article defines the range of these philosophers, compares the textual fragments in translations, reveals changes in Ruthenian expression and semantic expansion of these examples for moral guidance in preaching interpretations. It was found out that preachers often focused on latin translations of greek authors, which were popular in the intellectual environment of the scribes of the 17 th century. The use of exempla from the works of ancient Greek philosophers in sermons on Sundays and holidays, as well as in funeral and military sermons is characterized, the discursive practices of Antonii Radyvylovskyi and Yoanykii Galiatovskyi are compared. Straipsnyje, remiantis XvII a. pamokslų tekstais, analizuojamas senovės graikų filosofų intertekstas. Atskleista, kad pamokslininkai dažniausiai nepalikdavo nuorodų į kūrinius, kuriais jie rėmėsi, nes tie kūriniai jiems buvo gerai žinomi ir lengvai atgaminami iš atminties. "Svetimų žodžių" vartojimas buvo citavimo, perpasakojimo ar aliuzijos pobūdžio. Straipsnyje nurodomi filosofai, lyginami vertimų fragmentų tekstai, atskleidžiami rusėnų kalbos raiškos pokyčiai ir cituojamų moralinės nuostatos pavyzdžių semantinis plėtojimas pamokslų interpretacijose. pabrėžiama, kad pamokslininkai dažnai vadovavosi lotyniškais graikų autorių OKSAnA nIKA Kyjivo nacionalinis Taraso Ševčenkos universitetas, ukraina Taras Shevchenko national university of Kyiv, ukraine

2025, Die Welt des Islams

open access: . Rudolf Strothmanns Bedeutung weit über die deutsche Orientalistik hinaus fußt auf einem wissenschaftsgeschichtlichen Kuriosum, das er selbst in einem Brief an Cornelis van Arendonk 1922 so charakterisierte (Beginnings,...more
open access: . Rudolf Strothmanns Bedeutung weit über die deutsche Orientalistik hinaus fußt auf einem wissenschaftsgeschichtlichen Kuriosum, das er selbst in einem Brief an Cornelis van Arendonk 1922 so charakterisierte (Beginnings, 263): "Ich hatte mich (…) mit Nöldeke Schwally beschäftigt und war wieder einmal darüber belehrt, dass die europäischen Islamforscher -die gläubigen wie die ungläubigen -alle orthodox, sunnitisch sind." In der Tat genügt, um sich von der Richtigkeit dieses Diktums zu überzeugen, ein Blick in Theodor Nöldekes (ansonsten bahnbrechende) Geschichte des Qorâns, wo der Autor die Exegese von ʿAlī b. Ibrāhīm al-Qummī und anderen frühen Schiiten kurzerhand als "ein elendes Gewebe an Lügen und Dummheiten" abtat.1 Man kannte bis gut ins zwanzigste Jahrhundert hinein nur wenige Schriften schiitischer Autoren und 1 In der Erstauflage (Göttingen 1860) findet sich die Passage in der Einleitung, S. xxix, in der von Friedrich Schwally umgearbeiteten zweiten Auflage (Leipzig 1919) im Anhang zu Band ii, 180, in einem gerade einmal drei Seiten umfassenden Abschnitt, der die schiitische Exegese in toto abhandelt. Kein geringerer als Ignaz Goldziher stimmte dem Urteil noch in seinem letzten Buch zu: Die Richtungen der islamischen Koranauslegung (Leiden: Brill, 1920), 309; immerhin mit dem schmallippigen Zugeständnis: "Ihre historische Berücksichtigung ist jedoch für die volle Kenntnis der religiösen Strömungen im Islam nicht zu umgehen."

2025, Adiabene Emerged from Athura (Assyria)

Since the formation of the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) in northern Iraq in 1992 and more specifically after the US invasion of Iraq in 2003, the KRG and its empowered Kurdish tribal families have amassed great wealth from the sale...more
Since the formation of the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) in northern Iraq in 1992 and more specifically after the US invasion of Iraq in 2003, the KRG and its empowered Kurdish tribal families have amassed great wealth from the sale of oil produced in the region and from the revenues generated by taxes collected at border crossings with Iraq's neighboring countries. This wealth has enabled the KRG to employ the services of journalists, photographers, correspondents, academics and historians to rewrite the history of northern Iraq (historic Assyria) and promote Kurdish studies in line with the Kurdish national agenda.

2025, In: G. BARBERA, M. DE CHIARA, A. DEL TOMBA, B. DHAMMADINNĀ, F. DRAGONI, P. ORSATTI (eds.) Siddham. Studies in Iranian Philology in honour of Mauro Maggi (Beiträge zur Iranistik 52), Wiesbaden, pp. 275-296.

2025, In: MARIA MACUCH, ARASH ZEINI (eds.), Deciphering the Illegible. Festschrift in Honour of Dieter Weber (Iranica 33), Wiesbaden, pp. XIII-XXXIII.

2025, Vigiliae Christianae

The Great Letter of Evagrius of Pontus (d. 399) has received considerable scholarly attention as a source for reconstructing Evagrius' speculative theology; however, due to a relative paucity of manuscripts and the fact that the text only...more
The Great Letter of Evagrius of Pontus (d. 399) has received considerable scholarly attention as a source for reconstructing Evagrius' speculative theology; however, due to a relative paucity of manuscripts and the fact that the text only survives in Syriac, the reception and translation technique of the letter have not been systematically studied. This article proposes that the Syriac translation of the Great Letter contains numerous manifestations of paronomasia, or wordplay, that operate in Syriac but would not be meaningful in Greek. A translator may have inserted these paronomasias to add meaning to Evagrius' metaphors and theological images. Furthermore, cognitive-linguistic evidence suggests that these paronomasias would have been seen as meaningful by readers or listeners even if they were not intended by the translator. For this reason, the Syriac Great Letter represents a nativizing of Evagrius' text into a Syriac context that is not reducible to its Greek original.

2025, Previously Unpublished Quotations from the Treatises of Theodore of Mopsuestia in the Context of Interim Data on Isaac of Nineveh’s «Sixth Collection» Context Analysis, Syriac Text and Russian Translation of the Quotations

The publication aims to introduce into scholarly circulation previously unpublished quotations from lost or only partially preserved works of Theodore of Mopsuestia: «In Genesim» (CPG 3827), «In Samuel» (CPG 3832), «In Iob» (CPG 3835),...more
The publication aims to introduce into scholarly circulation previously unpublished quotations from lost or only partially preserved works of Theodore of Mopsuestia: «In Genesim» (CPG 3827), «In Samuel» (CPG 3832), «In Iob» (CPG 3835), «In Lucam» (CPG 3842), «In epistulam ad Romanos» (CPG 3846), «Contra defensores peccati originalis» (CPG 3860), «Contra Magos» (CPG 3861). In addition, the article publishes a quotation from the previously unattested treatise of Nestorius of Constantinople «Adversus Apollinarem». All quotations are considered in the context of the problem of the authorship of Isaac the Syrian’s «Sixth Collection»: analyzing the features of citation and conceptual parallels with his collections I–III and V, the author of the article proves that the second part of the manuscript Mosul 907 (tractates 3–9) should be identified as the «Sixth Collection» of Isaac of Nineveh.

2025, Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies, Indogaku Bukkyōgaku kenkyū 印度學佛教學硏究

The Kern-Nanjio Edition (KN) is the first edition of the Saddharmapuṇḍarīka (SP) manuscripts and is the standard and reference text for SP studies. However, several problems have been pointed out concerning its compiling method: (1) the...more
The Kern-Nanjio Edition (KN) is the first edition of the Saddharmapuṇḍarīka (SP) manuscripts and is the standard and reference text for SP studies. However, several problems have been pointed out concerning its compiling method: (1) the imperfection of its footnotes and (2) the collation of manuscripts from different copying dates and findspots without differentiation. Problem (1) may be brought to resolution by (I) supplementing the KN footnotes, and problem (2) by (II) examining the similarities among the SP manuscripts of the KN.
Together with an information engineer, we developed PC language analysis programs that applied the Levenshtein distance to efficiently find the variant readings among the manuscripts used for the KN.
This PC program made it possible to find the manuscripts with the highest similarity between the KN and the manuscripts used for it, and to generate a collection of texts, thus facilitating the finding of variant readings among manuscripts. Examining the similarities of the SP manuscripts used for the KN will lead to a systematic classification of SP manuscripts.
This paper will provide an example of variant readings obtained by applying the Levenshtein distance during the process (I) above. Developing this further with the inclusion of (II) above, I systematically classified 31 SP manuscripts of Chapter 2, verses 1-70.

2025, ФЕНОМЕН ВЕРХОВНОЙ ВЛАСТИ И ПРОЦЕСС ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ИМПЕРСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВА НЕИСЧЕРПАЕМЫ ДЛЯ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ

В XVI-XVIII вв. в Зауралье существовала группа, называвшаяся «уиратами» или «урятцами». Потомки представителей этой группы в 1740-х гг. жили в Тюменском уезде и входили в сословные группы ясачных и служилых татар. В зауральской части...more
В  XVI-XVIII вв. в Зауралье существовала группа, называвшаяся «уиратами» или «урятцами». Потомки представителей этой группы в 1740-х гг. жили в Тюменском уезде и входили в сословные группы ясачных и служилых татар. В зауральской части Уфимского уезда (позже в Исетской провинции), очевидно, до 1740-х гг. сохранялась территория  Уиратской волости ясачных татар. Название «уират» мы можем соотнести только со словом «ойрат». Собственно, именно так и объяснял это слово Г.Ф. Миллер. По информации, полученной у  представителей этой группы в 1747 г., такое обозначение их предкам было дано ханом Кучумом и сохранялось их потомками до указанного времени. Можно предположить, что это могло быть неким аналогом понятия «татары» и обозначало служилую прослойку Тюменского ханства. Но при отсутствии упоминаний подобного обозначения служилой части населения Сибирского ханства в других известных документах, оставим это в качестве предварительной гипотезы.

2025, Journal of Early Christian Studies

An examination of Severus of Antioch's (d. 538) corpus of 125 homilies (delivered in Greek but survive mostly in Syriac) reveals Severus’s original outlook on gender, and his positive attitude to women, past and present. Severus proposes...more
An examination of Severus of Antioch's (d. 538) corpus of 125 homilies (delivered in Greek but survive mostly in Syriac) reveals Severus’s original outlook on gender, and his positive attitude to women, past and present. Severus proposes what may be called a “diachronic” model of gender. Unlike a “synchronic” model that bases gender distinctions on anatomical sex at any given moment in time, in Severus’s diachronic model gender distinctions are decoupled from sex and are based instead on changes in time. There are periods in history where all people are women, and periods where all are men. Severus’s diachronic gender model is linked to his appreciation of “biological” women past and present whom he extols, and to his passionate argument against societally and traditionally accepted restrictions against women’s participation in certain parts of the liturgy. This article explores the contours, ramifications, and limitations of Severus’s novel outlook on gender, on women, and on men, as it emerges from his Cathedral Homilies.

2025, Journal of Research for Christianity in China

On the Triple Meanings of "Jing" in Jingjiao (Chinese Nestorianism)(Donghua ZHU)

2025

Dialogues d'histoire ancienne, Supplément 29, Avril 2025 ENG: This article analyzes the major works of Armeno-Byzantinist Nina G. Garsoïan, characterized by her researches into Iranian influence in Armenian society and the original...more
Dialogues d'histoire ancienne, Supplément 29, Avril 2025

ENG: This article analyzes the major works of Armeno-Byzantinist Nina G. Garsoïan, characterized by her researches into Iranian influence in Armenian society and the original constitution of the Armenian Church. Her knowledge has led to the monumental rehabilitation of the Buzandaran PatmutꜤiwnkꜤ (Epic Histories), a compilation from the 5th century AD, which ultimately constitutes the great achievement of her studies. All this helps to define the work of a scholar whose main goal was to understand “the formation of Christian Armenia” (Garsoïan 2010).

FR : Cet article remet en perspective les grands travaux de l’arméno-byzantiniste Nina G. Garsoïan caractérisés par ses recherches sur l’influence iranienne dans la société arménienne et la constitution originale de l’Église arménienne. Son savoir a permis la monumentale réhabilitation des Buzandaran PatmutꜤiwnkꜤ (Récits épiques), une compilation datée du Ve siècle après J.-C., qui constitue, in fine, le grand-œuvre de ses études. Tout ceci permet de cerner le travail de la savante qui n’a eu pour seul but que de comprendre « la formation de l’Arménie chrétienne » (Garsoïan 2010).

2025, Unraveling "Chaldean"

This study reassesses the term “Chaldean,” tracing its evolution from a Neo-Assyrian tribal designation (Kaldu) to its Hellenistic use for astrologer-priests, and finally to its adoption by the Roman Catholic Church in the sixteenth...more
This study reassesses the term “Chaldean,” tracing its evolution from a Neo-Assyrian tribal designation (Kaldu) to its Hellenistic use for astrologer-priests, and finally to its adoption by the Roman Catholic Church in the sixteenth century as a canonical label for East Assyrian Christians in union with Rome. Despite these transitions, the term has been widely misinterpreted in modern discourse as an ethnic identity—a view this research decisively challenges.
Structured in ten parts, the study draws on over 330 sources spanning Akkadian, Syriac, Greek, Latin, Arabic, Persian, and Armenian traditions. It incorporates Vatican documents, synodal decrees, missionary writings, Ottoman records, and modern scholarship, as well as internal testimony from Chaldean patriarchs and bishops affirming their Assyrian origin.
A critical section revisits the geography of Ur Kasdim (“Ur of the Chaldees”), presenting textual and historical evidence for its northern location—further undermining any link between Chaldean Catholics and southern Mesopotamian Kaldu.
The conclusion is clear: “Chaldean” is a canonical term denoting Roman ecclesiastical alignment, not an ethnonational designation. The Chaldean Catholic Church remains a continuation of the historic Assyrian Church of the East, differentiated only by jurisdiction. In an era of displacement and identity fragmentation, restoring terminological clarity is both a scholarly and ethical imperative.

2025

This volume examines the Rabbinic, Qur’anic and Christian understandings of prophecy from a historical and comparative theological perspective. The Rabbinic perspectives on the phenomenon of prophecy are analyzed in their historical...more
This volume examines the Rabbinic, Qur’anic and Christian understandings of prophecy from a historical and comparative theological perspective. The Rabbinic perspectives on the phenomenon of prophecy are analyzed in their historical continuity and engagement with the theological traditions of Islam and Christianity. The examination of female prophecy also occupies a central place here. Similarly, several contributors describe the deep roots of Qur’anic prophetology in the Christian and Jewish traditions of Late Antiquity and the Arabic context. Finally, the anthology attempts to reflect on these different theological traditions of prophecy in the Christian, Jewish, and Qur’anic traditions from a comparative theological perspective and to discuss the possible theological significance of this phenomenon in the modern age.

2025

Inhalt beiträge 271 Achim Aurnhammer (Freiburg im Breisgau) "Freie Scherze". Die Wiederentdeckung Boccaccios in der Goethezeit 295 Uwe Petry (München) Aus Werthers Baumschule. Anmerkungen zu ausgewählten neuen Beiträgen anlässlich des...more
Inhalt beiträge 271 Achim Aurnhammer (Freiburg im Breisgau) "Freie Scherze". Die Wiederentdeckung Boccaccios in der Goethezeit 295 Uwe Petry (München) Aus Werthers Baumschule. Anmerkungen zu ausgewählten neuen Beiträgen anlässlich des 250. Roman-Jubiläums nebst einer interpretatorischen Ergänzung zu einem italienischen Schössling 309 Alexandra Juster (Innsbruck) Der Weg zur Abschaffung der Todesstrafe in Frankreich: Von Victor Hugo zu Robert Badinter 327 Xiaohu Jiang (Yangzhou) Scam and Sympathy in a Digitalized Modern World: An Analysis of Martina Hefter's Hey guten Morgen, wie geht es dir? besprechungen

2025

The intricate relationship between the Roman Church and the Christian East has long been underestimated in shaping early modern Catholicism. Similarly, scholarship on the Inquisition has largely overlooked how it interacted with members...more
The intricate relationship between the Roman Church and the Christian East has long been underestimated in shaping early modern Catholicism. Similarly, scholarship on the Inquisition has largely overlooked how it interacted with members of the Eastern branch of Christianity. Yet these groups frequently faced the scrutiny of the judges of the faith, who were, in turn, exposed to alternative disciplinary and doctrinal models that questioned Catholic certainties.

This volume delves into the debates surrounding the compatibility of Eastern norms and traditions with the principles of the Counter-Reformation, focusing on Greek, Arab, and Slavic communities, as well as Armenians, Ethiopians, and Syriac Christians from the Ottoman Empire and India, among others. The essays examine topics such as the confessional surveillance of Eastern Christians in Catholic territories and the responses of Roman theologians to thorny questions posed by missionaries around the globe.

Through a meticulous study of rich, untapped archival resources in a wide array of languages, this collection reveals how the interaction with Eastern Christianity exposed some of the contradictions and unresolved problems of Tridentine Catholicism, while providing the Inquisition with a set of cultural tools and interpretive lenses that would eventually be applied in the missionary and theological controversies that shook the Catholic world from the seventeenth century onwards.

Chapters 1, 2, 7 and 12 are available here as Open Access under the Licence CC BY-NC-ND

2025, Ayeneh-ye Pazhoohesh

دستنویس فارسی انجیل متی با شناسه Vat. Pers. 4 در کتابخانه واتیکان، کهن‌ترین ترجمه شناخته‌شده از انجیل به خط و زبان فارسی است و تاریخ کتابت آن به سال ۷۱۲ هجری قمری (۱۳۱۲ میلادی) بازمی‌گردد. این نسخه، در دوره ایلخانان مغول و در شرایط تبادل...more
دستنویس فارسی انجیل متی با شناسه Vat. Pers. 4 در کتابخانه واتیکان، کهن‌ترین ترجمه شناخته‌شده از انجیل به خط و زبان فارسی است و تاریخ کتابت آن به سال ۷۱۲ هجری قمری (۱۳۱۲ میلادی) بازمی‌گردد. این نسخه، در دوره ایلخانان مغول و در شرایط تبادل فرهنگی و مذهبی ایران، به‌دست مسعود بن ابراهیم کتابت شده و ترجمه‌ای از نسخه سریانی کتاب مقدس است. متن شامل ۸۱ برگ با خط نسخ واضح، فاقد تزیینات، و با ویژگی‌های زبانی و املایی کهن است که نشان‌دهنده نیاز مسیحیان سریانی‌زبان به متون فارسی برای حفظ هویت دینی خود است. این دست‌نوشته، با استفاده از اصطلاحات اسلامی و سبک نگارش خاص، از اسناد مهم برای مطالعه تاریخ ترجمه‌های دینی، رسم‌الخط، و فرهنگ دوران مغول در ایران محسوب می‌شود.

انتشار یافته در: مجلۀ آینۀ پژوهش، سال ۳۶، ش ۱، شمارۀ پیاپی ۲۱۱ فروردین و اردیبهشت ۱۴۰۴ ص ۳۷۱-۳۹۴

2025, Ehlen Dergisi

“Uygarlık” kavramının gerçek bir temeli olan “alfabe”, “yazı”, malum, bilginin kayıt altına alınmasını, böylece diğer bölgelerdeki çağdaşlara ulaştırılmasını ve hem de geleceğe aktarılabilmesini sağlayan bir icattı. Bu yüzden de, insanın...more
“Uygarlık” kavramının gerçek bir temeli olan “alfabe”, “yazı”, malum, bilginin kayıt altına alınmasını, böylece diğer bölgelerdeki çağdaşlara ulaştırılmasını ve hem de geleceğe aktarılabilmesini sağlayan bir icattı. Bu yüzden de, insanın zihinsel yolunu hayvanlar aleminden ayıran, bugün uzaya doğru ilerleyen bir “uygarlık” olmayı sağlayan, yani insanı insan yapan en temel icatlardan biri de bu sembolik sistemlerdir tarihte.
1928’de tesadüfen farkedilen bazı kalıntılar bir kazı başlamasına vesile olmuş, 1929’da tablet bulguları gelmeye başlamış, derken kazılar Suriye’nin iç savaşa sürüklendiği döneme kadar devam etmiştir. Ugarit’teki kazılarda, dünyada “Rap’anu Arşivi” olarak bilinen, çoğunluğu Akadca, Ugaritçe, Sümerce, Hurrice dillerinde çivi yazılı olan, bir kısmı da Antik Mısır hiyeroglifleriyle yazılmış binlerce kil tablet bulunmuştur! (Bk. Görsel 3) Binlerce!.. Bu kentin, bugün Ugaritçe dediğimiz kendi dili olduğu tabletlerdeki bulgularla kesinleşmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra dünyanın bilinen en eski müzik notasyonu da keza burada bulunmuştur. Bunların 9 telli lir ile çalınan, iki müzikal tonlu ilahiler olduğu belirtilmektedir. Neresinden baksanız, ışıldayan parametreleriyle bir “uygarlık” !..
Ugarit antik kalıntılarından, belki de Baal’le ilgili bir kült yapısının(?) üzerinde 2-3 bin yılda oluşmuş bir höyükçüğün tepesinde başka bir kült niteliğindeki bir türbe inşa olunmuştu. Aklıma bir anda Antakya – Harbiye’de ki Şeyh Yusuf el-Hakim türbe kompleksi geldi. Şifa verdiğinine inanılan ve hakkında afsaneler anlatılan… Taş malzemeyle inşa edilmiş bu geç dönem “makam” yapılarının etraflarında ve içlerinde antik sütun parçaları ve başlıkları gözlemlemek zor değil. Bu da olasılıkla Şeyh Yusuf el-Hekim Türbesi’nin antik bir kompleksin üzerine belki de antik dönemin sağlık kompleksleri olan bir Asklepion üzerine kurulmuştu.

2025

This brief study introduces the reader to the pastoral writings the sixth-century Syriac Bishop & theologian Mar Philoxenos of Mabbug, with special emphasis on his "Discourses."

2025, Journal of Global History

This article discusses the ways the Palestinian struggle was perceived as part of regional and global networks that crystallised following the First World War, the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire, and the rise of mandatory...more
This article discusses the ways the Palestinian struggle was perceived as part of regional and global networks that crystallised following the First World War, the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire, and the rise of mandatory authorities in the Middle East. It examines Palestinian disillusionment with the expectation that the principle of self-determination would serve as a basis for the creation of a new world political order and, in turn, in the dissolution of the world of the colonial authorities. It focuses, on one hand, on the ways in which the Rif War in Morocco (1921-6) and the great Syrian rebellion, which broke out in 1925, affected Palestinian national consciousness, and on the other hand, how these crises revealed the explicit identification of the Zionist movement with colonial forces. In the article I examine the representations of the uprisings in the contemporary Palestinian and Hebrew press as a basis for seeing the uprising as an important turning point, in terms of creating the Zionist separatist space and the strengthening of the alliance between the Zionist movement and the mandatory colonial rule and its identification with global colonial forces.

2025, Journal of Peace Studies

This research paper delves into the rise and fall of Bashar al-Assad’s regime, tracing the trajectory of the Syrian Civil War from its origins to its transformative conclusion. Assad’s more than two-decade rule, marked by authoritarian...more
This research paper delves into the rise and fall of Bashar al-Assad’s
regime, tracing the trajectory of the Syrian Civil War from its origins
to its transformative conclusion. Assad’s more than two-decade rule,
marked by authoritarian governance, widespread unrest, and external
interventions, culminated in his ouster in December 2024 amidst
shifting geopolitical priorities and intensifying humanitarian crises.
The study examines the multifaceted dynamics of the conflict, including
the roles of key international players such as Russia, Iran, Turkey, and
the United States, as well as the involvement of non-state actors like
the Syrian Democratic Forces and Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham. It also explores
“the humanitarian impact, with 16.7 million people” in need, and the
extensive damage to Syria’s infrastructure. Further, the paper discusses
the implications of Assad’s fall for regional power structures. Through
a comprehensive analysis, emplyoning both descriptive and analytical
methods, this study highlights the need for an inclusive political
framework that guarantees the rights of all Syrians.

2025, Proceedings of the Kyiv Theological Academy, №42

О дним з найважливіших і водночас найскладніших місць Свя- того Письма, яке визначає причинно-наслідковий зв'язок між гріхом і смертю, є відомий вираз апостола Павла: Бо як через одну людину гріх увійшов у світ, а з гріхом і смерть, так у...more
О дним з найважливіших і водночас найскладніших місць Свя- того Письма, яке визначає причинно-наслідковий зв'язок між гріхом і смертю, є відомий вираз апостола Павла: Бо як через одну людину гріх увійшов у світ, а з гріхом і смерть, так у всіх людей увійшла смерть, тому що всі згрішили (Рим. 5:12). Протягом історії Церкви серед представників різних церковних традицій майже не було рецептивного або ж ретроспективного консенсусу в його інтерпретації 1 . Відсутність цього консенсусу була обумовлена різними біблійно-богословськими передумовами, на яких базувалися фундаментальні церковні традиції, через що напрямок інтерпретації Рим. 5:12 поступово став маркером приналежності до певного богословського світогляду. Свт. Фотій, патріарх Константинопольський (IX ст.), виокремлював три таких напрямки: 1) люди помирають, бо всі вони згрішили «через Адама» (ἐφ'ᾧ τῷ Ἀδάμ); 2) люди помирають, оскільки (διότι) усі вони грішать (особистий гріх породжує смерть); 3) люди помирають, бо всі вони згрішили «через смерть» (ἐφ'ᾧ τῷ θανάτῳ) 2 . Перший напрямок зазвичай характеризує західну традицію екзегези Рим. 5:12 з притаманним їй розумінням первородного гріха як успадкованої провини 3 ; другий -східну, грецьку, яка розглядає гріх будь-якої людини як пов-1 Одним із винятків можна вважати формулювання і тлумачення 124-го правила Карфагенського Собору, які приймаються всією повнотою Православної Церкви (в нумерації Афінської Синтагми 110-те). Див. Ράλλ ης Γ. Α., Ποτλής Μ. Σύνταγμα των θείων και ιερών κανόνων των τε αγίων και πανευφήμων Αποστόλων, και των ιερών και οικουμενικών και τοπικών Συνόδων, και των κατά μέρος αγίων Πατέρων.

2025, The Liturgical Magazine (54)

This Arabic article explores generally the reception and impact of the First Ecumenical Council of Nicaea (325) within the rich Syriac traditions. It highlights the Council's role as a turning point in Christian doctrine, organizational...more
This Arabic article explores generally the reception and impact of the First Ecumenical Council of Nicaea (325) within the rich Syriac traditions. It highlights the Council's role as a turning point in Christian doctrine, organizational structure, and liturgical life. It examines how Syriac Churches, both in their Eastern (Church of the East) and Western (Syriac Orthodox Church) branches, uniquely engaged with the Nicene legacy within their distinct political and cultural contexts in the Middle East, particularly in Mesopotamia and Persia.
It underscores the significance of Syriac synods as indispensable historical and ecclesiastical sources for understanding the faith, internal organization, and historical circumstances of Christianity in the region. It discusses also the transmission of Nicaea's authentic documents, primarily its twenty canons and the Nicene Creed, noting the diversity of recensions and the presence of pseudo-Nicene canons, reflecting a dynamic process of reception and adaptation.
Special attention is given to the liturgical implications of the Nicene canons. The integration of the Nicene Creed into the Divine Liturgy and the Liturgy of the Hours is discussed as a central element of liturgical expression of Orthodox faith in Syriac traditions. Furthermore, the article touches upon the liturgical commemoration of the Council in Syriac Church calendars.
The synodal reception of Nicaea is discussed through the lens of key Syriac synods, especially in the Church of the East (e.g., the Synod of Isaac in 410, which officially accepted the Nicene canons and creed), demonstrating how these local councils relied on Nicaea's authority to establish canonical order, resolve internal disputes, and shape the Church's identity. The reception within the West Syriac tradition is also explored, noting the incorporation of Nicene elements into their synodal collections and canonical regulations with liturgical relevance.
Finally, the article connects this historical engagement with the present day, in the commemoration of the 1700th anniversary of the Council of Nicaea in 2025, to emphasize the ecumenical significance of Nicaea as a shared heritage among Christian Churches, drawing lessons from the historical experience of the Syriac Churches.

“سينودسيّة وليتورجيا: المجمع المسكوني الأوّل في نيقيّة عام 325 في التقاليد السريانيّة” المجلّة الليتورجيّة (54)، قره قوش – العراق (2025), tr. [Synodality and Liturgy: The First Ecumenical Council of Nicaea 325 in the Syriac Traditions], The Liturgical Magazine (54), Qara Qosh  (2025), pp. 156-169.

2025, العتبة العباسية المقدسة - المركز الاسلامي للدراسات الاستراتيجية

مجلة القرآن والاستشراق المعاصر العدد 7 مجلة القرآن والاستشراق المعاصر العدد 7 فهرس المحتويات الافتتاحيَّة منتدى الاستشراق المعاصر بحوث ودراسات ترجمة القرآن الكريم إلى اللغة الألمانيّة -دراسة نقديّة- الإسقاطات السياسيَّة في كتاب...more
مجلة القرآن والاستشراق المعاصر العدد 7
مجلة القرآن والاستشراق المعاصر العدد 7
فهرس المحتويات

الافتتاحيَّة

منتدى الاستشراق المعاصر

بحوث ودراسات

ترجمة القرآن الكريم إلى اللغة الألمانيّة  -دراسة نقديّة-

الإسقاطات السياسيَّة في كتاب «مصادر يهوديَّة في القرآن» للمستشرق الإسرائيليّ «شالوم زاوي»

شخصيَّات استشراقيَّة

المستشرقة الفرنسيَّة «آن سيلفي بواليفو» وآراؤها في القرآن الكريم

مواقع إلكترونية

الموقع الإلكترونيّ: بوَّابة القرآن «عالم من الأبحاث القرآنيَّة والتحليل في متناول يدك»

مرصد  الاستشراق المعاصر

مؤتمرات وندوات

المؤتمرالعلميّ الدولي الأوَّل: القرآن الكريم في الدراسات الاستشراقيَّة المعاصرة

النقوش العربيَّة قبل الإسلام والإملاء القرآنيّ

العربيُّ والعجميُّ في القرآن: لغة الوحي في حجاز محمَّد

علم البيئة المدهش: الأبعاد البيئيَّة في ثلاثة مواضيع قرآنيَّة

طبيعة المسيح المفاجِئة في حادثة بُشرى حمل السيِّدة مريم الواردة في الآيات 16-21 من سورة مريم

الإسلام من خلال كتابه المقدّس

إصدارات

حول القرآن: مقاربات لغويَّة جديدة

دلالة الألفاظ القرآنيَّة: مُفردة الآخرة أنموذجًا

إله الإنجيل، إله القرآن

العلاقات الإسلاميَّة-المسيحيَّة: تاريخ بيبليوغرافيّ

بحوث ودراسات

القرآن: صناعة كتاب

مجلَّة دراسات قرآنيَّة - المجلَّد 22- العدد2

ما قبل طبعة القاهرة:  دراسة المخطوطات القرآنيَّة القديمة

الآراء المُكوَّنة مسبقًا الخاضعة للمناقشة في صياغة توليفة لدراسة تاريخ القرآن

(وكانَ اللَّهُ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا): جُمَل كان والقافية القرآنيَّة

أخبار

مشروع «تفسير القرآن: نموذج تكامليّ»

مشروع «القرآن العالميّ: التراث المشترك، اللغات الإمبرياليَّة، والفاعلون العابرون للحدود الوطنيَّة»

مشروع QaSLA (القرآن: مصدر العصور القديمة المتأخِّرة)

بوصلة الاستشراق المعاصر

افتتاحية العدد

تُعتبر مدرسة الاستشراق الألمانيّ من أبرز المدارس الاستشراقيّة الغربيّة اهتمامًا بالقرآن الكريم، حيث عمل المستشرقون الألمان مبكِّرًا على ترجمة القرآن الكريم ودراسته وتفسيره، واشتغلوا على طباعته، وبحثوا في علومه؛ كوحيه، وتنزيله، وتاريخه، وجمعه تدوينه، وترتيب سوره وآياته، وقراءاته، ورسمه، ولغته، وإعجازه، ...، ودرسوا تفسيره وتفاسيره ومفسّريها، وصنّفوا في مجال ترجمة القرآن الكريم والمعاجم والدراسات القرآنيّة والتفسير الموضوعيّ وعلوم القرآن الكريم...، ومن أبرز هذه الشخصيّات: غوستاف ليبرشت فلوجل (Gustav Leberecht Fluegel) (1802-1870م)، وجوستاف فايل (Gustav Fail) (1808-1889م)، وتيودور نولدكه (Noldeke,Th) (ت: 1836-1930م)، وبرجشتراسر (Bergstrasser,G) (1886-1933م)، وأوتّو برتسل (Otto,Pretzl) (1893-1942م)، وكارل هنريخ بيكر (Becker,C.H) (1876-1933م)، ورودي بارت (Rudi Paret) (1901-1983م)، وأنجيليكا نويفرت (Angelika Neuwirth) (1943م - معاصرة)، ...

وفي مجال ترجمة القرآن الكريم بالخصوص، صدرت عن المستشرقين الألمان ترجمات كثيرة إلى اللغة الألمانيّة؛ كترجمة سالومون شويغير(Salomon Schweigger) التي صدرت عام 1616م، وترجمة تيودور أرنولد (Theodor Arnold) عام 1746م، وترجمة دافيد فريدريك ميرجيرلاين (M.D.F.Mergerlein) عام 1772م، وترجمة فريدريك أبرهرد بويزن (Boysen F.E) عام 1773م، وترجمة صمويل فريدريك كونتر وال (Samuel Friedrich Günther Wahl) عام 1828م، وترجمة لودفيغ أولمان (Ludwig Ullmann) عام 1840م، وترجمة مارتن كلامروث (Martin Klamroth) عام 1890م، وترجمة ويليام وارين (William Warren) عام 1899م، وترجمة تيودور جريجول (Th.F.Grigull) عام 1901م، وترجمة ماكس هنين (M.Henning) عام 1901م، وترجمة أريك بيشوف (Erich Bischof) عام 1904م، وترجمة لازاروس كولدشميت(Lazarus Goldschmidt) عام 1916م، وترجمة هوبرت جريم (Hubert Grimme) عام 1923م، وترجمة ريتشارد هارتمان (Richard Hartmann) عام 1944م، وترجمة رودي باريت (Rudi Paret) عام 1957م و 1963م، وترجمة هانز زيركر (Hans Zirker) عام 2003م، وترجمة هارتموت بوبزين (Hartmut Bobzin) عام 2010م، ...

وقد احتوت هذه الترجمات على أخطاء مضمونيّة ومنهجيّة وفنّيّة، وعلى مقولات ومغالطات لا تليق بالقرآن؛ استدعت ردودًا من قِبَل علماء الإسلام في العقود المنصرمة، وتستدعي بذل الجهود المضاعفة في تقويمها ونقدها في الواقع الراهن. لذا، عملت المجلّة في عددها الحالي ضمن منتداها على تقديم دراسة نقديّة لأبرز الترجمات الألمانيّة بعنوان «ترجمة القرآن الكريم إلى اللغة الألمانيّة -دراسة نقديّة-»، مضافًا إلى دراسات وتقارير أخرى تضمّنها المنتدى؛ وهي: «الإسقاطات السياسيّة في كتاب (مصادر يهوديّة في القرآن) للمستشرق الإسرائيليّ (شالوم زاوي)»، و«المستشرقة الفرنسيّة (آن سيلفي بواليفو) وآراؤها في القرآن الكريم»، و«الموقع الإلكترونيّ: بوّابة القرآن (عالم من الأبحاث القرآنيّة والتحليل في متناول يدك)».

وأمّا في مرصدها، فقد رصدت المجلّة أبرز المؤتمرات والندوات والإصدارات والأنشطة البحثيّة التي قام بها المستشرقون حديثًا، وأفرزت مجموعة من الرؤى والتساؤلات حول القرآن الكريم وعلومه وتفسيره وفهمه...؛ أبرزها الآتية:

كيف كُتِبَ القرآن؟ وما هو دور النبيّ التاريخيّ في تفصيل القرآن؟ وما الدليل على كتابة القرآن الكريم في عهد مبكِّر؟ وكيف ينسجم القول بوحدة المصحف مع معطيات مخطوطات صنعاء المكتشفة مؤخَّرًا؟

لماذا لم تُكتَشَف إلى حدِّ الآن وثائق حجازيّة، تعودُ إلى حياة النبيّ محمَّد أو حتَّى إلى القرن السابق على حياته، على اللغة أو الخطّ اللذَين وظَّفهما النبيّ محمَّد وجمهوره لكتابة شؤونهم الدينيَّة والتجاريَّة؟ وهل لمثل هذه الوثائق دور في حسم الجدل الدائر حول تاريخ القرآن؟

كيف نُفسِّر الكتابة الإملائيَّة لبعض المفردات القرآنيَّة التي لا تتناسب مع المنطق التزامنيِّ للنصِّ العربيّ؟ هل هي محاولات من ناسخٍ غير مُتمرِّس في كتابة العربيَّة أم أنَّها تُخبر شيئًا أكثر إثارة للاهتمام حول ماضي اللغة العربيَّة، والخطِّ القرآنيّ على وجه الخصوص؟

ما هي أهمِّيَّة اللغة؟ وما المراد بــ«العربيّ» و«الأعجمي»؟ ولماذا أكَّد النبيّ محمَّد على أنَّ القرآن ولغته عربيَّان؟ ومَنْ هم الذين أطلقوا على أنفسهم صفة العربيّ في زمن النبيِّ محمَّد؟ وماذا كان يعني «عربي» وكذلك «أعجميّ» في زمن النبيّ محمَّد؟ وهل اللغة العربيَّة مُناسبة للوحي الإلهيّ؟ ألا ينبغي استخدام لغةٍ سابقةٍ استُخدمت لتدوين الكتاب المقدَّس مثل الآراميَّة أو اليونانيَّة؟

ما هي درجة ثبات النصّ؟ وهل يؤثّر اختلاف القراءات على ذلك؟ وهل يمكن التعامل مع القرآن (الكتبيّ والشفهيّ) والتفسير (البيانيّ، اللاهوتيّ) من دون دراسة النصّ ضمن النسيج المعرفيّ لبيئته (العصور القديمة المتأخِّرة والجزيرة العربيَّة)، وبمعزل عن نقد المصدر (دراسة التناصّ، علم اشتقاق الكلمة، علم دلالات الألفاظ)؟ ألا ينبغي الالتفات إلى أنَّ معاني القصص -كالكلمات- تتغيَّر عبر الوقت، ومن أجل توثيق هذه التغيُّرات ينبغي إجراء دراساتٍ مُقارنة للكشف عن عمليَّات قرآنيَّة مُتميِّزة؟

لماذا خيَّمت الآراء المناصِرة لمركزيَّة الإنسان على البُعد البيئيّ في القرآن؛ وبالتالي أهملت الأبحاث المعاصرة البعد الداخليّ للعالم غير البشريّ في القرآن بشكل بارز؟

وختامًا، نؤكِّد ترحيبنا واستعدادنا التامّ لتلقِّي الأفكار والمشاريع والأبحاث والدراسات والتقارير والأخبار التي ترتبط بالاستشراق المعاصر حول القرآن الكريم، لنشرها في هذه المجلّة.

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