The purposes of this study are to determine about: (1) History of Alat Tenun Bukan Mesin (ATBM) goyor sheath business establishment. (2) Process of making Alat Tenun Bukan Mesin (ATBM) goyor sheath. (3) Knowing the form of decorative...more

The purposes of this study are to determine about: (1) History of Alat Tenun Bukan Mesin (ATBM) goyor sheath business establishment. (2) Process of making Alat Tenun Bukan Mesin (ATBM) goyor sheath. (3) Knowing the form of decorative motifs contained in the goyor sheath in Mr. Sudarto, Kenteng Village, Tawangsari District, Sukoharjo Regency. This research has conducted at the Perusahaan Maju that is binding woven craft of Alat Tenun Bukan Mesin (ATBM) from July to November 2012. Desing of this research is qualitative with descriptive approach. Reasearch strategy is stuck single case study. Data sources used in the study are selected informants, Mr. Sudarto, Alat Tenun Bukan Mesin (ATBM) goyor sheath craft business owner, Joko, sole heir craft business. Site, archive or document. Techniques of data collection using direct observation, interview and documentation. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. For data validation techniques using triangulation of data and review of informants. Data analysis techniques, namely data reduction, data presentation and conclusion or verification.

Going beyond descriptive analysis on economic segregation, this paper aims to answer the question of what social processes are activated in such contexts and how they impact on development issues. Specifically this paper uses an original...more

Going beyond descriptive analysis on economic segregation, this paper aims to answer the question of what social processes are activated in such contexts and how they impact on development issues. Specifically this paper uses an original dataset for the analysis of the impact of economic segregation on domestic violence exploring the mediating role of social capital and gender norms. We found that segregation has a positive impact on gender norms and this in turn increases the likelihood of domestic violence. Also in contexts of segregation, a greater intensity of social ties are developed and these networks in turn help reduce violence. In those segregated context then promoting social capital is a powerful mechanism for generating trust between women and helping them to improve their situation related to violence.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been globally recognized as a major public health problem. A growing body of evidence has identified a significant relationship between living in a neighborhood of concentrated disadvantage and...more

Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been globally recognized as a major public health problem. A growing body of evidence has identified a significant relationship between living in a neighborhood of concentrated disadvantage and experiencing IPV. Considering the increasing rates of poverty and segregation registered in Latin American cities, research on the effects of segregation on IPV seems to be particularly necessary in the region. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the impact of economic residential segregation on physical IPV, exploring the mediating roles of social capital and gender norms unfavorable to women. This study used an original dataset in which women from five districts of Metropolitan Lima were interviewed. The results show that residential segregation indirectly influences on physical IPV through the considered mechanisms. In this regard, it was found that segregation increases the likelihood of prevailing gender norms unfavorable to women, and this in turn increases the likelihood of IPV. At the same time, segregation fosters the development of greater social ties among the neighbors, which in turn diminish the levels of IPV. Regarding the overall effect of segregation through both mechanisms, on average social capital is a factor of more relevance. The findings suggest that strengthening the informal networks among neighbors is a powerful strategy to reduce physical IPV in contexts of poverty and segregation.

The landscape study in archaeology presumes the use of differentiated categories in different knowledge areas, having as central focus the comprehension of the existing relations between humans and yours environments. This is signify to...more

The landscape study in archaeology presumes the use of differentiated categories in different knowledge areas, having as central focus the comprehension of the existing relations between humans and yours environments. This is signify to discuss of the operation shapes of the relations between culture and environment in a diachronic scale under a holistic and systemic perspective, in other words, the observation and explanation of the phenomena or events of one all, coordinated to each other, so that they act like an organized structure. This paper, of theoretical study, it has as preoccupation presents the different paradigms in which the landscape concept has been used in archaeology, of the same way it has been enabling the enlargement of archaeological site notion. It is known that humans walking through the environments in which they live, in which perceptions and concepts are established by means of the cognitive processes and, consequently, cultural processes. In this case the...

In an article coauthored in interview format, the authors introduce open-access practices in an anthropological context. Complementing the other essays in this special section on open access, on the occasion of Cultural Anthropology’s...more

In an article coauthored in interview format, the authors introduce open-access practices in an anthropological context. Complementing the other essays in this special section on open access, on the occasion of Cultural Anthropology’s move to one version of the gold open access business model, the focus here is on practical information needed by publishing cultural anthropologists. Despite this limitation, the authors work to touch on the ethical and political contexts of open access. They argue for a critical anthropology of scholarly communication (inclusive of scholarly publishing), one that brings the kinds of engaged analysis for which Cultural Anthropology is particularly well known to bear on this vital aspect of knowledge production, circulation, and valuation.

This paper analyses court cases which qualified as organised crime in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). The final judgments were analysed according to the following criteria: the number of defendants; the continuity of membership within the...more

This paper analyses court cases which qualified as organised crime in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). The final judgments were analysed according to the following criteria: the number of defendants; the continuity of membership within the crime organisation; the existence of criminal structure; the existence of a developed plan of activities; the type and number of the offences committed; influence on public authorities, the judiciary, and citizens; and sentences imposed on the defendants. This paper seeks to identify the extent to which court judgments are based on these criteria. A secondary analysis of the data related to the organised crime cases heard in the Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the period between 2015 and 2018 was conducted. This analysis encompassed 21 organised crime cases in which 27 judgments were pronounced. In the observed period (2015-2018), we identified two organised criminal groups that meet the criteria analysed. The identified number of organised criminal groups is minimal in relation to the total number of organised crime cases processed. Our findings contradict the prevailing view in public discourse that organised crime is a widespread security threat in B&H. The findings of our research demonstrated the existence of legal gaps, reflected in the lack of clear criteria on the basis of which OCGs can be distinguish from other forms of criminal activity. Legal and institutional weaknesses create opportunities for OCGs to operate and create a sense of insecurity among citizens in the already complex security environment in B&H.

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui fisibilitas atas pengintegrasian kode etik AAOIFI V-1998 bagi akuntan di Indonesia dengan melihat persamaan dan perbedaan mendasar dari kode etik akuntan AAOIFI dan IAI. Penelitian dilakukan melalui...more

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui fisibilitas atas pengintegrasian kode etik AAOIFI V-1998 bagi akuntan di Indonesia dengan melihat persamaan dan perbedaan mendasar dari kode etik akuntan AAOIFI dan IAI. Penelitian dilakukan melalui penelaahan terhadap standar kode etik AAOIFI dan IAI serta penyebaran kuesioner. Pertanyaan diadopsi dari kode etik AAOIFI V-1998 untuk mengetahui persepsi responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan mendasar kedua kode etik terletak pada prinsip kode etik dan landasan penyusunan. Secara umum responden memberikan persepsi positif terhadap pernyataan atas prinsip kode etik AAOIFI. Kode etik AAOIFI V-1998 dapat dikatakan cukup fisibel untuk diintegrasikan ke dalam kode etik akuntan di Indonesia.

Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and...more

Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre -including this research content -immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

This article illustrates in an anecdotal way the impact of digitalisation on international family law. Specifically, it explores the part that digital technologies have played in the expansion of cross-border assisted reproduction, with a...more

This article illustrates in an anecdotal way the impact of digitalisation on international family law. Specifically, it explores the part that digital technologies have played in the expansion of cross-border assisted reproduction, with a particular focus on cross-border surrogacy arrangements. It then examines the interface between international parental child abduction and facial recognition technologies. The EU approach to the use of AI-powered facial recognition technologies is explained, before considering the potential utility of facial recognition technologies in the specific context of international parental child abduction.

Dans ce travail, nous étudions la place et l’importance de l’éducation environnementale (EE) dans l’enseignement secondaire marocain en mettant l’accent sur l’apprentissage des sciences physiques. Cette étude est réalisée dans le cadre...more

Dans ce travail, nous étudions la place et l’importance de l’éducation environnementale (EE) dans l’enseignement secondaire marocain en mettant l’accent sur l’apprentissage des sciences physiques. Cette étude est réalisée dans le cadre d’une approche interdisciplinaire pour la mise en oeuvre de la relation entre l’intérêt des apprenants, les sciences physiques, l’EE et les mathématiques. L’objectif principal de cette recherche est d’étudier l’évolution de l’intérêt des apprenants pour les sciences physiques en examinant le rôle de l’EE et les mathématiques en tant que contextes scientifiques importants dans l’apprentissage de la discipline. Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous avons mené une étude empirique auprès des apprenants de la région de Fès-Meknès, Maroc. Les résultats ont montré que l’exploration de l’EE et la mathématisation des sciences physiques peut développer un intérêt non seulement pour la discipline mais aussi pour le domaine scientifique en général ainsi qu’un apprena...

The availability and safety of drinking water and the environmental quality of life was investigated in five cities located in an oil-producing area of Nigeria using questionnaire-based scales, discussion and laboratory tests....more

The availability and safety of drinking water and the environmental quality of life was investigated in five cities located in an oil-producing area of Nigeria using questionnaire-based scales, discussion and laboratory tests. Polythenepackaged sachet water and commercial and non-commercial private boreholes largely met the drinking water requirement of the cities. Consumption of sachet water was high (14.0-20.0 points vs. 25.0 points) but regression analysis indicated strong negative relationships with income group (b = -0.75, P < 0.005) and educational level (b = -0.77, P < 0.005) of respondents (658). Private borehole water was prevalent (18.7-19.9 vs. 20.0) while public water supplies were almost non-existent (4.8-5.6 vs. 20.0) in the cities. Vulnerability to contamination in all water sources was indicated following unacceptable counts of total and faecal coliform bacteria in 10-62.5 and 3-25% of samples, respectfully. Respondents were not satisfied with environmental quality of life indicated by the quality of housing, school, health services, refuse disposal, recreation, streetlight, transport and police (3.43-4.01 vs. 10). It is concluded that modernization and industrialization due to the oil and gas industries, tended to increase individualization to the negligence of common services as evidenced by the preponderance of private boreholes and sachet water.

Purpose -The purpose of current study was to examine the role of smart farming through artificial intelligence (AI) (Data Integration; Machine Learning; Sensor Technologies; Image Processing and Computer Vision; Decision Support Systems...more

Purpose -The purpose of current study was to examine the role of smart farming through artificial intelligence (AI) (Data Integration; Machine Learning; Sensor Technologies; Image Processing and Computer Vision; Decision Support Systems and Scalability and Adaptability) in controlling pest and disease detection in agriculture. Methodology/ Design / Approach -Quantitative methodology was adopted and a questionnaire was self-administered online by ( ) agricultural engineers working in private agricultural institutions in Jordan that are subject to the laws of the Jordanian Ministry of Agriculture. SPSS was employed in order to screen and analyze primary data. Results indicated an R-value (0.963) and an overall variance of 92.7%. In addition to that, among the chosen sub-variables of study, results revealed that scalability and adaptability scored that highest influence on disease detection and control with (r = 0.961) and an overall variance of 92.4%. Study recommended the necessity of training and qualifying agricultural staff to use modern agricultural technology and artificial intelligence. Originality -The originality of the current study lies in its application within the Jordanian environment. In addition, there weren't direct studies that took into perspective the idea of smart farming through AI and its uses in pests and disease detection and control in crops. Implications -The implications of current study stems from its ability to present the AI potentials to enhance food production, increase the efficiency of agricultural materials that would be a source in guaranteeing food security, and create job opportunities for individuals in this sector.

Building on research comparing on-again/off-again (on-off) relationships to other dating relationships, the current study focused on a unique feature of these relationships-renewals. A sample of 274 participants who had experienced an...more

Building on research comparing on-again/off-again (on-off) relationships to other dating relationships, the current study focused on a unique feature of these relationships-renewals. A sample of 274 participants who had experienced an on-off relationship completed a survey about why they renewed their relationships, characteristics of their breakups and renewals, and what stressors and benefits they experienced. These characteristics were used to predict the occurrence of renewals, separately as well as in multivariate analyses. In addition to lingering feelings being a predominant reason for renewals, findings suggested uncertainty about what the preceding breakup indicated, not having dated others after breakups, and feeling the on-off nature improved the relationship were all related to an increased chance of renewals. Mutual initiations of breakups, as well as reporting uncertainty about the general nature of the relationship, were also related to a decreased chance of renewals.

taksad.v8i2.2103[in English]. 9. Osadchenko I. I. (2011). Teoriia i praktyka sytuatsiinoho navchannia u pidhotovtsi maibutnikh uchyteliv pochatkovoi shkoly [Theory and practice of situational learning in the training of future primary...more

taksad.v8i2.2103[in English]. 9. Osadchenko I. I. (2011). Teoriia i praktyka sytuatsiinoho navchannia u pidhotovtsi maibutnikh uchyteliv pochatkovoi shkoly [Theory and practice of situational learning in the training of future primary school teachers]. Uman 414 р. [in Ukrainian]. 10.Situatsionyy analiz, ili Anatomiya Keys-metoda (2002). [Situational Analysis, or Anatomy of the Case Method]. (Ed.). Surmyn, Ju.P. Kiev, 286 р. [in Russian]. 11. Chynnyky uspishnoi adaptatsii ditei VPO [Factors of successful adaptation of children IDP]

Стаття присвячена актуальному питанню підготовки майбутніх учителів початкових класів до професійної діяльності в умовах діалектного мовного середовища. Автор розглядає один із засобів такої підготовки – текст і зокрема деформований...more

Стаття присвячена актуальному питанню підготовки майбутніх учителів початкових класів до професійної діяльності в умовах діалектного мовного середовища. Автор розглядає один із засобів такої підготовки – текст і зокрема деформований текст, дає визначення поняття “деформований текст”, описує види деформованого тексту, аналізує мету їх використання та наводить приклади деформованих текстів, які можуть бути використані для підготовки учнів та студентів до роботи в діалектному середовищі.

Gender-based violence and violence against children are significant problems in South Africa. Community mobilisation and gendertransformative programming are promising approaches to address and reduce violence. A quantitative evaluation...more

Gender-based violence and violence against children are significant problems in South Africa. Community mobilisation and gendertransformative programming are promising approaches to address and reduce violence. A quantitative evaluation of One Man Can, a gender-transformative community mobilisation programme in South Africa, found mixed results in increasing gender-equitable behaviours and reducing violence. To better understand these findings, we analyse longitudinal qualitative data from community mobilisers, community members and community action teams, exploring individual and community-level factors that facilitate and hinder change. Interviews and focus groups were transcribed and analysed. Participants self-reported changes in their gender-equitable attitudes and use of violence as a result of participation in the programme, although some participants also reported opposition to shifting to a more gender-equitable culture. Facilitators to change included the internalisation of gender-transformative messaging and supportive social networks, which was buoyed by a shared vocabulary in their community generated by One Man Can. Because the programme targeted a critical mass of community members with gender-transformative programming, mobilisers and community action teams were held accountable by community members to model non-violent behaviour. Results reinforce the importance of addressing facilitators and barriers to change at both individual and community levels.

In spite of tremendous progress toward including gender equality as a global goal—included in numerous UN conventions and the Millennium Development Goals—much progress remains to be made. Men’s violence against women remains a pervasive...more

In spite of tremendous progress toward including gender equality as a global goal—included in numerous UN conventions and the Millennium Development Goals—much progress remains to be made. Men’s violence against women remains a pervasive feature of life in every country in the world. Increasing attention is being paid to engaging men and boys to end men’s violence. Programs and policies have been successfully piloted by nongovernmental organizations across the world and shown to promote important and positive change in men’s gender-related attitudes and practices, including in reducing men’s use of violence against women. Since the International Conference on Population and Development in 1994, national governments and UN agencies have steadily adopted and implemented policies and community-based interventions intended to change social norms about gender and masculinities. As cross-pollination happens across countries and regions, work with men and boys for gender equality has becom...

Men are less likely than women to test for HIV and engage in HIV care and treatment. We conducted in-depth interviews with men participating in One Man Can (OMC) - a rights-based gender equality and health programme intervention conducted...more

Men are less likely than women to test for HIV and engage in HIV care and treatment. We conducted in-depth interviews with men participating in One Man Can (OMC) - a rights-based gender equality and health programme intervention conducted in rural Limpopo and Eastern Cape, South Africa - to explore masculinity-related barriers to HIV testing/care/treatment and how participation in OMC impacted on these. Men who participated in OMC reported an increased capability to overcome masculinity-related barriers to testing/care/treatment. They also reported increased ability to express vulnerability and discuss HIV openly with others, which led to greater willingness to be tested for HIV and receive HIV care and treatment for those who were living with HIV. Interventions that challenge masculine norms and promote gender equality (i.e. gender-transformative interventions) represent a promising new approach to address men&#39;s barriers to testing, care and treatment.

South Africa has some of the highest rates of rape in the world. Activists have drawn attention to the devastating effect this has on women and children. However, insufficient attention has been paid to rape—predominantly of men—in...more

South Africa has some of the highest rates of rape in the world. Activists have drawn attention to the devastating effect this has on women and children. However, insufficient attention has been paid to rape—predominantly of men—in prisons. This article aims to educate gender activists about the phenomenon of prison rape in the context of South Africa. It hopes to make the case that prison rape reflects and reinforces rape culture in South Africa (and elsewhere). In so doing, it aims to galvanise action to prevent prison rape and all forms of rape.

One Man Can' (OMC) is a rights-based gender equality and health programme implemented by Sonke Gender Justice in South Africa. It has been featured as an example of best practice by the World Health Organization, UNAIDS, and the UN...more

One Man Can' (OMC) is a rights-based gender equality and health programme implemented by Sonke Gender Justice in South Africa. It has been featured as an example of best practice by the World Health Organization, UNAIDS, and the UN Population Fund, and translated into nearly a dozen languages and implemented all across Africa. South Africa has strong gender and HIVrelated policies, but the highest documented level of men's violence against women in the world, and the largest number of people living with HIV. In this context, OMC seeks to improve men's relationships with their partners, children, and families, reduce the spread and impact of HIV and AIDS, and reduce violence against women, men, and children. To understand whether and how OMC workshops brought about changes in men's attitudes and practices related to parenting, an

Aim Multidisciplinary team meetings (MDT-Ms) are utilised as a clinical decision-making tool. Currently, these are in-person or remote, using screen-sharing of patient health records including clinical findings, numerical data, and...more

Aim Multidisciplinary team meetings (MDT-Ms) are utilised as a clinical decision-making tool. Currently, these are in-person or remote, using screen-sharing of patient health records including clinical findings, numerical data, and imaging (2D/3D). Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) is an emerging technology allowing multiple care-providers to remotely interact with patient data in the metaverse. Our aim was to develop an IVR metaverse for MDT-M and test its feasibility and efficacy in the orthopaedic trauma setting. Method Interviews of users attending existing orthopaedic trauma MDT-Ms at a regional major trauma centre identified strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT analysis) for a novel platform. Iterative testing allowed feature development and curation of twenty-four simulated cases from previous admissions. User experience in pilot MDT-Ms was measured using the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) and System Usability Scale (SUS). Results An IVR metaverse platform w...

As the HIV/AIDS epidemic has progressed, the role of gender inequality in its transmission has become increasingly apparent. Nearly half of those living with the virus worldwide are women, and women's subordination to men increases their...more

As the HIV/AIDS epidemic has progressed, the role of gender inequality in its transmission has become increasingly apparent. Nearly half of those living with the virus worldwide are women, and women's subordination to men increases their risk of infection and makes it harder for them to access treatment once infected. Men, too, suffer from harmful gender norms-the expectation that they will behave in ways that heighten their risk of HIV infection and that they will be cavalier about seeking health care increases their vulnerability to the disease. In the Middle East and North Africa, HIV infection rates are low, but changing gender norms have the potential to accelerate the spread of the disease if gender inequality is not addressed. Improving women's education, workforce participation, and social and political opportunities is crucial to strengthening health in the region. Work with men to shift gender imbalances is a further important task for the region's policymakers and civil society groups.

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and reguIations and...more

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and reguIations and therefore free for general use.

In this paper, we argue that the current focus on cycling must not neglect the need to improve public transport services for the large number of people who do not want to or are unable to cycle. An attractive public transport service is...more

In this paper, we argue that the current focus on cycling must not neglect the need to improve public transport services for the large number of people who do not want to or are unable to cycle. An attractive public transport service is currently therefore the most important component of a sustainable transportation system. The question we address is what measures are needed to improve public transport to make people who do not cycle satisfied with the services such that their well-being increases. Based on research studies of satisfaction with public transport, measures at three levels of public transport services (use, access/egress, and overall) are identified and discussed.

Introduction: Maternal and newborn mortality are pressing global health concerns, with the Sustainable Development Goal 3.8 (SDGs) aiming to improve these outcomes however the poor quality of care in health facilities is a significant...more

Introduction: Maternal and newborn mortality are pressing global health concerns, with the Sustainable Development Goal 3.8 (SDGs) aiming to improve these outcomes however the poor quality of care in health facilities is a significant barrier to utilizing ANC services in Pakistan. Thus, this study aimed to understand the barriers to the underutilization of antenatal care (ANC) services in Tehsil Hazro, Punjab, Pakistan, from the perspective of pregnant women. Method: The study employed four focus group discussions (FGDs) with 36 pregnant women who had attended at least three ANC visits. Data was collected through purposive sampling and analyzed using Nvivo 12, maintaining rigor through Guba and Lincoln&#39;s principles. Result: The findings revealed three key themes. First, women often made the decision to seek care with support from their spouse, family, and lady health workers, emphasizing the importance of their decision-making autonomy. Financial constraints did not deter them f...

The purpose of this research was to investigate the factors that influence the choice of Christian Religious Education by secondary school students in Makueni Sub-County, Makueni County. The research was guided by four objectives that...more

The purpose of this research was to investigate the factors that influence the choice of Christian Religious Education by secondary school students in Makueni Sub-County, Makueni County. The research was guided by four objectives that focused on whether the students’ interest in other subjects influence their choice of Christian Religious Education in Makueni Sub County, if future career prospects influence students’ choice of Christian Religious Education, whether there are gender differences in the choice of Christian Religious Education among KCSE students and to investigate whether teachers’ guidance on subject selection influence students’ choice of Christian Religious Education. The theoretical underpinnings of this research are based on transformational character modeland structural – functional approach to religion which has its roots in Emile Durkheim works on religion. Durkheim argued that religion is, in a sense, the celebration and even (self-) worship of human society. ...

In the current agon between those promoting and opposing the development of human reproductive applications of genome editing techniques, the bone of contention is often whether the prospective reproductive technologies answer an "unmet...more

In the current agon between those promoting and opposing the development of human reproductive applications of genome editing techniques, the bone of contention is often whether the prospective reproductive technologies answer an "unmet medical need." Proponents often point to highly unusual cases of inherited genetic conditions as exhibiting that need. This essay argues that we ought to admit that the opponents are correct: human reproductive genome editing cannot be justified on medical grounds. Taking a deliberately provocative line, the essay suggests how inscribing such practices within a conventional model of biomedical research fails to take proper account of the interrelated interests in play, including those of the wider society and its future members. It also obscures important questions about how the public significance and value of human genome editing are produced through the dynamic encounter between science, technology, and social morality. This has certain discomfiting implications that will require both courage and humility to confront and-finally, perhaps-to embrace. A mong the objections to the implementation of what I will call "genome editing in human reproduction" (GEHR) is that it does not address any unmet medical need, and therefore fails to meet an important criterion for introducing an unproven procedure with potentially adverse consequences. To be clear: what I mean by GEHR is the use of any one of a number of related

Avrupa'da 18. yüzyıla kadar kent, ülkenin ve arazinin diğer kesiminden surla ayrılan bir mekân olarak tanımlanıyordu. Surların yok olmasıyla ortadaki çekirdeğin korunduğu, merkezin banliyölerle sarıldığı genişlemiş kentte, kentsel alanın...more

Avrupa'da 18. yüzyıla kadar kent, ülkenin ve arazinin diğer kesiminden surla ayrılan bir mekân olarak tanımlanıyordu. Surların yok olmasıyla ortadaki çekirdeğin korunduğu, merkezin banliyölerle sarıldığı genişlemiş kentte, kentsel alanın dış sınırlarını çizmek giderek güçleşti. Bununla birlikte kent çekirdeği kentin merkezi olarak kişiliğini korudu. Son elli yıldır kentlerin coğrafyası, ulaşım ve iletişim araçlarının giderek gelişmesiyle tümüyle değişti. Kent alanı, çekirdek kentin çevresindeki büyümesini, birbirinden pek az ayrımı olan ve çepere levhalar biçiminde eklenen parçalı bir yapıya büründürdü. En kolay ulaşılır yer kentin merkezi olmaktan çıkınca, kent merkezinden kaçış da arttı. Kent melezleşti; çok merkezlileşti. Eski kent merkezleri, yeni kentin bir bölümü olarak tarihi ve kültürel anlamda ayrıcalıklı bir değer kazandılar. Önce yoğunlaşan sonra yayılan kent, yerini dağılan kent ve kentsel alanlara bıraktı. Bugün, tarihi eski kent merkezinin ayrıcalığı kültür ve sanat merkezi olarak biricik olmasında değil, ama tarihsel süreçteki çok katmanlılıkta aranmalıdır. Farklılaşan sosyal, eğitsel, ticari, politik ve benzeri işlevleriyle kentler, onları oluşturan toplum/bireyle, geçirgen bir ilişki içinde. Bu ilişkinin bir yanı da kültürel yaşam ve sanata ilişkin. Kamu-sanat ilişkisini belirleyen bir çok özellik içinde içiçeleşmiş iki temel etken "yaratıcılık" ve "korumacılık" olarak adlandırılabilir. Geçmiş dönemlerde yapılan sanat yapıtlarını korumak, gelecek kuşaklara aktarmak, onları kentin kültür tarihi içinde konumlandırmak kentli bilincinin önemli bir özelliği. Öte yandan sanat yapıtları, tarihin çeşitli dönemlerinde yok edilip yıkılmıştır da (1). Korumacılığın en etkin yüzyılı 18. yüzyılda Winkelmann'ın kazıları, eski sanat üzerine kitabı (History of Ancient Art, 1764), Pompei'nin bulunuşu, yıkıntı tutkusu, sanat ve uygarlık tarihine ilgiyi artırmışsa Fransız İhtilâli de despotları, feodaliteyi anımsatan, onlara ilişkin kültür kalıtlarını ortadan kaldırmayı önermiştir. Victor Hugo'nun tarihi yapıtların ve anıtların korunması için katıldığı savaş, Eugene Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc'un önderliğindeki kökene inme ve korumacılık anlayışı bugün halâ etkisini sürdürüyor. Görsel propogandanın Fransız Devrimi ile başladığı,

Student teaching handbooks from seven state-supported institutions of higher education that offered special education as a major in preservice teacher education programs were studied to determine the extent to which Council for...more

Student teaching handbooks from seven state-supported institutions of higher education that offered special education as a major in preservice teacher education programs were studied to determine the extent to which Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) standards for student teaching experiences were incorporated into teacher preparation programs. The institutions were located in Utah, South Dakota, South Carolina, Nebraska, and Pennsylvania and enrolled less than 10,000 full-time undergraduate students. A 5-point Likert scale was used in the evaluation with 5 indicating complete congruence between a CEC standard and a handbook requirement, and 0 indicating no congruence between the two. There was little congruence between the handbooks and the CEC standards, with only one standard in the handbooks, length of the student teaching experience, awarded a mean score higher than 3. The handbooks were awarded mean scores between 2 and 3 on four CEC standards that generally dealt with the structure of the student teaching experience. On five standards concerning the objectives of a student teaching experience, the handbooks were awarded scores between 1 and 2. Mean scores between 0 and 1 were awarded to the handbooks on five standards that addressed the qualifications of the professionals involved, the quality of the sites, and the placement of student teachers in the sites. Only two of the handbooks were written specifically for student teaching in special education. Appendices include CEC standards for clinical experiences and a demographic questionnaire completed by the special education programs. Contains 11 references. (TD)

Student teaching handbooks from seven state-supported institutions of higher education that offered special education as a major in preservice teacher education programs were studied to determine the extent to which Council for...more

Student teaching handbooks from seven state-supported institutions of higher education that offered special education as a major in preservice teacher education programs were studied to determine the extent to which Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) standards for student teaching experiences were incorporated into teacher preparation programs. The institutions were located in Utah, South Dakota, South Carolina, Nebraska, and Pennsylvania and enrolled less than 10,000 full-time undergraduate students. A 5-point Likert scale was used in the evaluation with 5 indicating complete congruence between a CEC standard and a handbook requirement, and 0 indicating no congruence between the two. There was little congruence between the handbooks and the CEC standards, with only one standard in the handbooks, length of the student teaching experience, awarded a mean score higher than 3. The handbooks were awarded mean scores between 2 and 3 on four CEC standards that generally dealt with the structure of the student teaching experience. On five standards concerning the objectives of a student teaching experience, the handbooks were awarded scores between 1 and 2. Mean scores between 0 and 1 were awarded to the handbooks on five standards that addressed the qualifications of the professionals involved, the quality of the sites, and the placement of student teachers in the sites. Only two of the handbooks were written specifically for student teaching in special education. Appendices include CEC standards for clinical experiences and a demographic questionnaire completed by the special education programs. Contains 11 references. (TD)

The emergence of European universities in the 12th and 13th centuries functioned as the basis of a Europe-wide migration system. Initially a small number of universities was established across a relatively large area in Europe. For anyone...more

The emergence of European universities in the 12th and 13th centuries functioned as the basis of a Europe-wide migration system. Initially a small number of universities was established across a relatively large area in Europe. For anyone who studied or taught at one of those universities, all other universities became a potential place to teach or to continue studying. In this regard, internationality was, from the beginning, inherent to universities and integral to their research. At that time, factors such as the commonality of Europe's Christian culture (Christianitas as the dominant self-description of European identity) and the universal use of Latin as the language of teaching and intellectual work on scholarly texts contributed to the cohesion of European universities and its science and scholarship system.

The Citizens’ Initiative Review (CIR) is a deliberative process that has been used in the United States to involve panels of citizens in producing balanced and easily understandable accounts of proposed ballot measures and their potential...more

The Citizens’ Initiative Review (CIR) is a deliberative process that has been used in the United States to involve panels of citizens in producing balanced and easily understandable accounts of proposed ballot measures and their potential effects. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate how the CIR process is shaped by evaluative framing in which the rational component cannot be clearly separated from the emotive base of assigning responsibility. We analyze the argumentative dynamic of advocates’ presentations during the 2010 CIR on Measure 73 and discuss emotional claims as products of narrative structures that define problem situations. We explore how the distinction between manipulative and valid emotional claims within the context of public deliberation can be made with the help of three categories of analysis: Themes, Ideals, and Scenarios.

Although a new institution, the University of Namibia is facing the same problems of curriculum, funding, and access which hinder academic effectiveness elsewhere. Research on the future prospects for the university was facilitated by the...more

Although a new institution, the University of Namibia is facing the same problems of curriculum, funding, and access which hinder academic effectiveness elsewhere. Research on the future prospects for the university was facilitated by the senior author‘s prior involvement in the effort to construct a modern Namibia in the post-colonial period. Such involvement included several advisory assignments relating to the emerging university. This shared experience provided unusual access for in-depth and confidential interviews with national and university decision-makers. Based on these discussions and previous research, the authors outline a process for facilitating the government and academic leadership so crucial to evolving a responsive university. They discern that success for higher education in the Namibian context will require merging the roles of the University and the Polytechnic and transcending imported models to develop an institution responsive to Namibian needs.

In any teaching situation, it is always possible to identify those students who generally seem to have a positive attitude towards what they are doing, and those who seem less positive. Students' attitudes seem to feature prominently in...more

In any teaching situation, it is always possible to identify those students who generally seem to have a positive attitude towards what they are doing, and those who seem less positive. Students' attitudes seem to feature prominently in many teachers' and lecturers' concerns about the effectiveness of their teaching. Students' attitudes are an important factor in determining their success. This paper reports on aspects of a study which sought to gather information on students' attitudes toward the study of chemistry. The specific aims were: (1) to develop an instrument to assess first year students' attitudes toward the study of chemistry; (2) to use the instrument to gather baseline data on two cohorts of students (mainstream chemistry students and students on a two-year access program); and (3) to identify possible areas for intervention and remedial action. Many of the students involved in the study were first generation university students in a transforming university environment. They were often second language speakers of English, coming from a background of disadvantaged schooling with little laboratory experience. Other students were from a more advantaged environment and typically were second or third generation university students. The study found a definite relationship between students' views and their performance. There were few low performing students with high global means on the testing instrument and no high performing students with low global means. (Contains 16 references.) (Author/CCM)

Stoichiometry, which deals with the quantitative aspects of Chemistry, is a topic students find challenging and which teachers struggle to teach. South African students' performance in stoichiometry in the final matriculation examinations...more

Stoichiometry, which deals with the quantitative aspects of Chemistry, is a topic students find challenging and which teachers struggle to teach. South African students' performance in stoichiometry in the final matriculation examinations has led to calls for the topic to be taught better and highlighted the need for teacher professional development. This served as the rationale for this study to design an instrument to measure the quality of experienced Physical Science teachers' topic-specific pedagogical content knowledge (TSPCK) using a mixed-methods approach. Responses by five teachers to open questions on each of five components of TSPCK were used to generate scenario-based items for the instrument. The validity of the instrument was determined through Rasch analysis of responses of a sample of 31 teachers. Both the validity and reliability of the instrument to measure the quality of TSPCK in stoichiometry were found to be acceptable based on the fit statistics and reliability measures generated from the Rasch analysis.

This paper reports on the development of an instrument which was used to gather information on the views of science students on the social responsibility of scientists. The methodology is based on a "Views on Science-Technology-Society...more

This paper reports on the development of an instrument which was used to gather information on the views of science students on the social responsibility of scientists. The methodology is based on a "Views on Science-Technology-Society (VOSTS)" instrument which was developed in Canada. It involves three phases, employing interviews and free response and fixed response questionnaires, respectively. Qualitative data analysis at each stage of the development of the instrument provided the input for the following stage. Participants were drawn over a two year period mainly from chemistry students at various levels of academic study at the University of South Africa. Procedures are described separately for each of the three phases in the development of the instrument and are elucidated by actual findings abstracted during the development process. The final questionnaire statements cover topics in the fields of education, science, technology and society, the scientist as individual and the scientific enterprise. They include statements on scientific freedom, the technological imperative, science in Africa, women in science, whistleblowing, education of the public and the role of science students in society.

In any teaching situation, it is always possible to identify those students who generally seem to have a positive attitude towards what they are doing, and those who seem less positive. Students' attitudes seem to feature prominently in...more

In any teaching situation, it is always possible to identify those students who generally seem to have a positive attitude towards what they are doing, and those who seem less positive. Students' attitudes seem to feature prominently in many teachers' and lecturers' concerns about the effectiveness of their teaching. Students' attitudes are an important factor in determining their success. This paper reports on aspects of a study which sought to gather information on students' attitudes toward the study of chemistry. The specific aims were: (1) to develop an instrument to assess first year students' attitudes toward the study of chemistry; (2) to use the instrument to gather baseline data on two cohorts of students (mainstream chemistry students and students on a two-year access program); and (3) to identify possible areas for intervention and remedial action. Many of the students involved in the study were first generation university students in a transforming university environment. They were often second language speakers of English, coming from a background of disadvantaged schooling with little laboratory experience. Other students were from a more advantaged environment and typically were second or third generation university students. The study found a definite relationship between students' views and their performance. There were few low performing students with high global means on the testing instrument and no high performing students with low global means. (Contains 16 references.) (Author/CCM)

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of food and nutrition insecurity and assess the sociodemographic factors associated with food and nutrition insecurity among 146 free-living elderly persons attending a care...more

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of food and nutrition insecurity and assess the sociodemographic factors associated with food and nutrition insecurity among 146 free-living elderly persons attending a care centre in Sharpeville, South Africa. Measurement instruments included socio-demographic-, 24-hour-recall and dietary diversity questionnaires and the validated household food insecurity access scale/score (HFIAS). Data were analysed with IBM SPSS Software, version 25.0. The prevalence of food insecurity from HFIAS was 60% (n = 87), with a variety of balanced responses being employed. Significant relationships were observed between HFIAS and age (r = 0.301; p = 0.000) and with household income (r = -0.258; p = 0.007). An association was observed between HFIAS and marital status (p = 0.005). Regression analysis showed that age and being single were predictors of food and nutrition insecurity. This study indicated a problem of household food insecurity with poor dietary intakes among these elderly people, mostly due to poverty and being single. More research on associations between food security and socioeconomic variables is needed to plan and implement appropriate strategies to address food and nutrition insecurity in South Africa.

This report is submitted in connection with Work Package 8 of the FP7 FRAME (Fostering Human Rights Among European Policies) project. The report falls within Cluster Two, tasked to look at the actors in the European Union's Multi-Level,...more

This report is submitted in connection with Work Package 8 of the FP7 FRAME (Fostering Human Rights Among European Policies) project. The report falls within Cluster Two, tasked to look at the actors in the European Union's Multi-Level, Multi-Actor Human Rights Engagement. Work Package 8, 'Coherence Among EU Institutions and Member States', examines the principles, competences, actions and interactions of EU institutions and the Member States that characterise human rights policies and that lead to coherence or incoherence in the EU and Member States' promotion of human rights. The potential for 'horizontal' coherence and incoherence was examined in the Work Package's first report, Deliverable 8.1, 'Report on coherence of human rights policymaking in EU Institutions and other EU agencies and bodies'. The Work Package's second report, Deliverable 8.2, 'EU and Member State competences in human rights', examined 'vertical' coherence and incoherence, produced by the interaction between the EU and its institutions and the Member States. In this report, we try to put a face on the results of previous reports in Work Package 8 and to get a sense of how coherence or incoherence appears in practice in the activities and discourse of policymakers in EU institutions, the Member States and in their vertical and horizontal interaction. The report is based almost entirely on interviews with policymakers, which includes primarily EU officials, but is interpreted broadly to include also Member States and non-state actors. Given the emphasis on actors for this Cluster and the Work Package, the report maintains the focus on them, in this case both as the basis for the choice of interview subjects and in terms of the research question, with an emphasis on different actors as potential 'agents of coherence'. The questions that have been posed during the interviews are based on the findings from previous reports in Work Package 8. They begin with the understanding of coherence developed in Deliverable 8.1, which sees incoherence arising from three potential sources: structural, policy (in terms of competing concepts and visions or policy regimes) and interests. Policymakers have been asked specifically about their own experiences of coherence/incoherence in the context of EU human rights policy.

The prohibition of torture 3 Think-piece on the human rights information on the prohibition of torture 1. CAT yes no yes no OPCAT yes no no -ICCPR yes no yes no CRC yes no yes no CEDAW yes no yes no CPED yes no no -Source: OHCHR, 'World...more

The prohibition of torture 3 Think-piece on the human rights information on the prohibition of torture 1. CAT yes no yes no OPCAT yes no no -ICCPR yes no yes no CRC yes no yes no CEDAW yes no yes no CPED yes no no -Source: OHCHR, 'World Maps on Ratifications' and 'UN Treaty Collection Database'