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Medieval Religious History is the study of the beliefs, practices, institutions, and cultural impacts of religion during the Middle Ages, roughly from the 5th to the late 15th century. It encompasses the development of Christianity, Islam, and other faiths, examining their influence on society, politics, and intellectual life in medieval Europe and beyond.

L'étude sociologique des élites fréjussiennes et de leur lien avec l'évêché et le chapitre de la cathédrale n'a jamais été faite. Si l'abbé Espitalier a publié des listes d'évêques, de prévôts et de chanoines de Fréjus 1 , aucune analyse...more

L'étude sociologique des élites fréjussiennes et de leur lien avec l'évêché et le chapitre de la cathédrale n'a jamais été faite. Si l'abbé Espitalier a publié des listes d'évêques, de prévôts et de chanoines de Fréjus 1 , aucune analyse prosopographique, ni du clergé, ni de la noblesse ou de la bourgeoisie, n'a été tentée. Pourtant le patriciat urbain qui domine cette cité épiscopale, en pleine décadence démographique et économique, aux temps modernes, vit à l'ombre du clocher de la cathédrale. Le déplacement du palais épiscopal de Fréjus à Draguignan, par Mgr Martin du Bellay, au milieu du xViii e siècle est un symbole de cette décadence et de l'ennui qui en résultait pour un prélat mondain. Toutes les ambitions sociales et familiales, la conquête du pouvoir passent par les dynasties de chanoines et de dignitaires du chapitre qui se succèdent d'oncles à neveux, parfois couronnées de mitres épiscopales : deux évêques outre une vingtaine de chanoines, bénéficiers, prêtres et religieux chez les Camelin, cinq générations de chanoines de Fréjus et un évêque de Grasse chez les Antelmy, par exemple. C'est que la ville est pauvre en ressources : à part le siège d'une amirauté qui offre quelques offices et emplois 2 , il n'y a que les places de consuls, de viguier et de juge, de commissaire des classes, de receveur des décimes, des fermes et des droits, les officiers des compagnies de gardes-côte. Les avocats, le maître de poste, les quelques marchands qui s'intitulent négociants, complètent le tableau de cette société très provinciale. Parallèlement, les plus grands et riches domaines de la plaine de l'Argens sont la propriété de l'évêché, de la prévôté ou du chapitre. Ces immenses territoires leur donnent des revenus importants, outre les droits seigneuriaux, les dîmes, etc. L'évêque de Fréjus est seigneur de Fréjus,

La question des clercs dans l'administration des rois portugais au Moyen Âge est un thème déjà bien balisé dans notre historiographie 1. Toutefois, il reste que, sur ce point de vue, la période de gouvernement du roi Denis n'a jamais fait...more

La question des clercs dans l'administration des rois portugais au Moyen Âge est un thème déjà bien balisé dans notre historiographie 1. Toutefois, il reste que, sur ce point de vue, la période de gouvernement du roi Denis n'a jamais fait l'objet d'une attention particulière, hormis, bien sûr, quelques incursions très spécifiques sur les trajets de quelques clercs qui atteignirent alors l'épiscopat 2. En

The title of this paper refers to one of the most debated topics of society, an endless, often unanswered question about the real existence of God in the world, an issue dating back to the mists of time and always adding original nuances...more

The title of this paper refers to one of the most debated topics of society, an endless, often unanswered question about the real existence of God in the world, an issue dating back to the mists of time and always adding original nuances to what scholars are already acquainted with somehow. Not only a philosophical debate among pundits, but also a topic affecting everyday life with levity and rigor often without any sort of academic background letting people develop it differently from mere chats. The choice of this topic dates back to a debate among friends upon someone no one has actually seen so far, thus issuing different opinions shifting from reality to fiction, from reason to heart and soul. Those friends shared a deep love for wisdom, philosophy to be more precise, that is why their opinions about that topic were by no means permeated by their beliefs and approaches to spiritual life. A whole lot of things which cannot be explained by means of simple words, too.

ANDRADE, Amélia Aguiar e SILVA, Gonçalo Melo da (coords.), Construir e Reconstruir na Europa Urbana Medieval | Construction and Reconstruction in Medieval Urban Europe. Lisboa: IEM, Câmara Municipal de Castelo de Vide, 2023. 514 pp. ISBN:...more

ANDRADE, Amélia Aguiar e SILVA, Gonçalo Melo da (coords.), Construir e Reconstruir na Europa Urbana Medieval | Construction and Reconstruction in Medieval Urban Europe. Lisboa: IEM, Câmara Municipal de Castelo de Vide, 2023. 514 pp. ISBN: 978-989-53942-8-9 (IEM) | 978-972-9040-24-5 (C. M. de Castelo de Vide)

La voglia di vivere e sperimentare il profondo amore, l'amore disinteressato e filiale del Signore è stata un tema fondante, un marchio ed emblema del percorso spirituale della riforma cappuccina, condiviso poi con una vasta cerchia di...more

La voglia di vivere e sperimentare il profondo amore, l'amore disinteressato e filiale del Signore è stata un tema fondante, un marchio ed emblema del percorso spirituale della riforma cappuccina, condiviso poi con una vasta cerchia di laici, e ha delineato l’itinerario della vita interiore di tante generazioni di cristiani.

Lorsque Clément V est élu pape à la fin de l'année 1305, il choisit de ne pas gagner Rome pour régler les affaires en cours avec le royaume de France après le violent conflit qui a opposé le pape Boniface VIII au roi de France Philippe le...more

Lorsque Clément V est élu pape à la fin de l'année 1305, il choisit de ne pas gagner Rome pour régler les affaires en cours avec le royaume de France après le violent conflit qui a opposé le pape Boniface VIII au roi de France Philippe le Bel. La cour pontificale s'est donc trouvée constamment itinérante pendant la plus grande partie du pontificat de Clément, même après avoir gagné Avignon au printemps 1309 pour la préparation du concile de Vienne 1. La papauté d'Avignon commence donc stricto sensu avec le pontificat de Jean XXII, élu après un long interrègne en septembre 1316. Ce pontificat aurait dû être court étant l'âge avancé de l'élu mais il fut le plus long du séjour des papes en Comtat venaissin. Ancien évêque d'Avignon, Jean XXII y résida d'emblée et surtout y fixa et organisa les services de son administration. Les débuts de la papauté d'Avignon seront donc compris dans notre propos comme les années allant de 1305 à 1334, date de la mort de Jean XXII. Sur ces trente ans s'est constitué le corpus qui sera ici examiné, issu de la correspondance officielle des pontifes et émis par leur chancellerie. En effet, à l'instar de leurs prédécesseurs du XIII e siècle, les papes se considèrent comme en droit de conférer partout en Occident un certain nombre de bénéfices à des clercs de leur choix, qui leur en ont toujours fait la demande auparavant. Avec une papauté qui pérégrine en France puis qui s'installe aux portes du royaume, la pression exercée sur les bénéfices dans le royaume et en particulier dans le Midi augmente. D'où ces questions : ce large usage des pouvoirs administratifs du pape en matière de collation at -il eu des conséquences sur la composition du clergé du diocèse de Limoges qui appartient alors résolument à ce Midi d'où sont issus les papes, le gascon Clément V et le quercynois Jean XXII ? Les grandes institutions religieuses du diocèse et en particulier les institutions séculières, directement visées grâce à l'existence de leurs bénéfices individualisés, ont-elles été davantage brassées qu'auparavant dans leur recrutement, davantage ouvertes aux apports extérieurs ? Cela aura-t-il favorisé la mobilité d'un certain nombre de clercs, soit venus d'ailleurs, soit originaires du diocèse mais amenés à gérer différemment leur carrière ecclésiastique ? Et la plus grande centralisation de l'administration dans laquelle ces établissements se trouvent progressivement intégrés at -elle entraîné plus de déplacements pour ceux qui les peuplent ? Les lieux de l'observation et de l'enquête seront constitués par sept chapitres canoniaux séculiers, l'un à la cathédrale Saint-Étienne et les six autres à Saint-Junien, Saint-Yrieix,

There are eighty documents dealing with Ben Yiju ofal-Mahdiyya, who traveled extensively between India, Aden, and Fustat, suffering two shipwrecks. Be owned a copper and bronze factory and lived for eighteen years on the Malabar coast; it...more

There are eighty documents dealing with Ben Yiju ofal-Mahdiyya, who traveled extensively between India, Aden, and Fustat, suffering two shipwrecks. Be owned a copper and bronze factory and lived for eighteen years on the Malabar coast; it seems that he purchased a slave girl whom he later converted and married. There is a lov^^ootnotehere describing how melted butter (ghee/samne)wdiS transported from Yemen to India without spoiling (651). These documents also include details ofthe fate ofhis children, his family who fled from Tunisia to Sicily, accounts, and uppliers; they reveal a businessman, poet, halakhic expert, and "an accomplished gentleman according to the conceptions of his time" (710). At this time, however, one may conclude that it is fortuitous that these two accomplished gentlemen scholars, Goitein and Friedman, have graced us with the "India Book." [There are scarcely any typographical errors; the few that appear are almost quaint: "quote exceptional" instead of quite (265); "comed" vs. cornered (565) and "re^osnum " of re^onsum ‫ﻟﻢ)987(‬

A presença dos clérigos estrangeiros em Portugal durante o período do papado de Avinhão é aqui estudada na perspectiva da sua inserção no episcopado lusitano e nos benefícios menores constituídos por colegiadas e igrejas paroquiais...more

A presença dos clérigos estrangeiros em Portugal durante o período do papado de Avinhão é aqui estudada na perspectiva da sua inserção no episcopado lusitano e nos benefícios menores constituídos por colegiadas e igrejas paroquiais disseminadas no reino. Constata-se que esta inserção depende das relações conjunturais mantidas entre a realeza lusitana e os bispos do reino, assim como das estruturas solidárias e funcionais mantidas no reino por papas, cardeais e diversas famílias de clérigos estrangeiros estantes em Portugal.

La Chiesa nell’Occidente tardomedioevale è segnata da profonde contraddizioni. La satira del cattivo chierico diffusa dalle fonti letterarie da una parte, e la maestosa costruzione del diritto canonico nella cultura universitaria...more

La Chiesa nell’Occidente tardomedioevale è segnata da profonde contraddizioni. La satira del cattivo chierico diffusa dalle fonti letterarie da una parte, e la maestosa costruzione del diritto canonico nella cultura universitaria dall’altra, sono i due poli entro cui si gioca una immagine così ambivalente.

L’esercizio della giustizia dei vescovi, che questo volume mette per la prima volta a fuoco nell’ambito regionale toscano, si colloca proprio al cuore di queste contraddizioni, perché la documentazione giudiziaria consente di entrare nel vivo del governo delle Chiese locali.

L’analisi, che parte da una vasta ricognizione sulle fonti toscane e le loro peculiarità, valorizza questa forma singolare di giustizia, giungendo così ad affrontare alcuni dei punti nodali della storia sociale e delle sensibilità religiose del basso medioevo: la vita del clero, i rapporti tra i fedeli e i sacerdoti, il matrimonio, il credito e l’usura.

Following the last Christian conquest of the city, in 1064, Coimbra displayed, on one side, the typical profile of an ancient Visigothic diocesan seat, and on the other the morphology and social fabric of an Islamized urban nucleus 1. The...more

Following the last Christian conquest of the city, in 1064, Coimbra displayed, on one side, the typical profile of an ancient Visigothic diocesan seat, and on the other the morphology and social fabric of an Islamized urban nucleus 1. The military pacification of this territory allowed the city to become an attractor of populations from southern regions, including Mozarab groups 2. From the standpoint of ecclesiastical organization, the diocesan seat was restoredwe hear of its first bishop, D. Paterno, as early as 1080 3. Towards the end of the century, we see the construction of new churches and the rebuilding of the cathedral and smaller temples which had survived during the Islamic period 4. The political and military process led by Afonso Henriques, which resulted in the independence of the Portuguese nation, had a landmark in 1131, when he arrived in Coimbra. This city already featured a multifaceted society, based on labour, production and trade. The coming of the young prince to the city on the margins of the Mondego  This work was carried out under the project "DEGRUPE-The European Dimension of a Group of Power: Ecclesiastics and the political State Building of the Iberian Monarchies (13th-15th centuries)", with the reference FCT "PTDC/EPH-HIS/4964/2012", funded by national funds through FCT/MCTES and co-funded by Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER) through COMPETE-Programa Operacional Fatores de Competitividade (POFC). 1 Coimbra was under Islamic rule from the 8 th century to 879, and from 987 to 1064. The presence of different people from North Africa characterized the society and the urbanism of this city.

petit village aux confins du Tarnet-Garonne et du Lot, conserve, au sein de la collégiale Saint-Martin, édifiée au milieu du XIV e siècle, le gisant du fondateur du chapitre canonial, le cardinal Pierre des Prés (1280-1361),...more

petit village aux confins du Tarnet-Garonne et du Lot, conserve, au sein de la collégiale Saint-Martin, édifiée au milieu du XIV e siècle, le gisant du fondateur du chapitre canonial, le cardinal Pierre des Prés (1280-1361), vice-chancelier de l'Église de 1325 à sa mort. La sculpture, classée Monument Historique en 1898, a para-doxalement été oubliée des grandes monographies sur la sculpture gothique 1. Elle vient d'être étudiée dans le cadre de notre thèse de doctorat en histoire de l'art 2 , et la confrontation des sources conservées avec un examen approfondi de l'oeuvre nous amène à proposer un nom de sculpteur.

Following the last Christian conquest of the city, in 1064, Coimbra displayed, on one side, the typical profile of an ancient Visigothic diocesan seat, and on the other the morphology and social fabric of an Islamized urban nucleus 1. The...more

Following the last Christian conquest of the city, in 1064, Coimbra displayed, on one side, the typical profile of an ancient Visigothic diocesan seat, and on the other the morphology and social fabric of an Islamized urban nucleus 1. The military pacification of this territory allowed the city to become an attractor of populations from southern regions, including Mozarab groups 2. From the standpoint of ecclesiastical organization, the diocesan seat was restoredwe hear of its first bishop, D. Paterno, as early as 1080 3. Towards the end of the century, we see the construction of new churches and the rebuilding of the cathedral and smaller temples which had survived during the Islamic period 4. The political and military process led by Afonso Henriques, which resulted in the independence of the Portuguese nation, had a landmark in 1131, when he arrived in Coimbra. This city already featured a multifaceted society, based on labour, production and trade. The coming of the young prince to the city on the margins of the Mondego  This work was carried out under the project "DEGRUPE-The European Dimension of a Group of Power: Ecclesiastics and the political State Building of the Iberian Monarchies (13th-15th centuries)", with the reference FCT "PTDC/EPH-HIS/4964/2012", funded by national funds through FCT/MCTES and co-funded by Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER) through COMPETE-Programa Operacional Fatores de Competitividade (POFC). 1 Coimbra was under Islamic rule from the 8 th century to 879, and from 987 to 1064. The presence of different people from North Africa characterized the society and the urbanism of this city.

3 See Lasker, foreword to Crescas, Refutation, 10-12, who warns that the translation is sometimes inaccurate or paraphrastic. 4 The Refutation is dated on the basis of a remark in chapter 8 (Biṭṭul, 76; Refutation, 66), according to which...more

3 See Lasker, foreword to Crescas, Refutation, 10-12, who warns that the translation is sometimes inaccurate or paraphrastic. 4 The Refutation is dated on the basis of a remark in chapter 8 (Biṭṭul, 76; Refutation, 66), according to which "nearly 20 years" have passed since the Great Schism, which began in 1378. According to its colophon, the Light was completed in 1410. However, a deleted colophon (preserved in the Florence MS) dated five years earlier testifies that most of the book was completed in 1405. Moreover, in the course of the discussion of the messiah in Or, book 3, division A, part 8, chapter 2, p. 367 (Light, 317), the current date is mentioned: "1337 years after the Destruction of the Temple" (= 1405).

St Francis of Assisi, mystic, stigmatic and founder of the Franciscans, has come to seem uncontroversial, a saint for ecologists, socialists and animal lovers as well as Christians of all denominations. Until his rediscovery by the...more

St Francis of Assisi, mystic, stigmatic and founder of the Franciscans, has come to seem uncontroversial, a saint for ecologists, socialists and animal lovers as well as Christians of all denominations. Until his rediscovery by the Victorians, Francis was firmly associated with Roman Catholic doctrine, obedience to the papacy, participation in crusades and distinctively Catholic mystical phenomena. This article argues that Faber’s, Oliphant’s and Sabatier’s nineteenth-century Lives of St Francis opened the way for his appropriation by the general British public. The resulting denominational competition over the saint stimulated a boom in St Francis’ popularity but also led to his piecemeal secularisation.

The complex relationship between a supernatural entity and a mortal being is never an easy task even to the most skilled and sensitive soul as it involves a wide range of fields shifting from sciences to arts till reaching religious and...more

The complex relationship between a supernatural entity and a mortal being is never an easy task even to the most skilled and sensitive soul as it involves a wide range of fields shifting from sciences to arts till reaching religious and personal beliefs just like in the case developed within this paper. The choice to talk about this topic derives from the perusal of the long poem Divine Comedy by Dante, one of the pillars of Humanities. As the Latin noun religion means feeling oneselves linked to either someone or something, it refers to both the personal sphere of human beings and their common shared views as members of a community. And a didactic and allegorical work such as the Comedy turns out to be the ideal lab where to experience the complexity of a relationship involving the inner world of a being that cannot be externalized easily due to its depth. The long poem teaches people how to find the right way once again by means of prolonged metaphors and other literary devices such as the figures of speech intellectuals do exploit very much.

Medieval religious institutions, such as the papacy or the religious orders, tend to designate a saint as their founding inspiration. For the papacy, this has been St Peter; for the religious orders, saints such as St Benedict, St...more

Medieval religious institutions, such as the papacy or the religious orders, tend to designate a saint as their founding inspiration. For the papacy, this has been St Peter; for the religious orders, saints such as St Benedict, St Dominic, or St Francis. While it might appear logical to think of these inspiring founders as preceding the establishment of such institutions, in reality the latter are almost entirely responsible for the making, maintaining, and circulation of the image of a founding saint. Hence it is necessary to approach historiographical narratives with great caution, in which an institution is thought to be diverging from the founder's path, falling short of the founder's ideals, or deliberately distorting the image of a founder to justify their evolution. If such a discrepancy between the initial ideal and the later practice is observed, the central point of investigation should focus on why the hagiographical and liturgical documents regarding the founding saint included elements in conflict with the institutional practice. This paper will investigate the medieval evidence and the historiographical narratives pertaining to the Order of Friars Minor.

Nel quadro delle iniziative popolari istituite dai giurati palermitani nella seconda metà del Quattrocento per festeggiare la festività dell'assunzione in cielo di Maria, si analizza in particolare una corsa podistica aperta anche alla...more

Nel quadro delle iniziative popolari istituite dai giurati palermitani nella seconda metà del Quattrocento per festeggiare la festività dell'assunzione in cielo di Maria, si analizza in particolare una corsa podistica aperta anche alla partecipazione di schiavi di colore che sembrerebbe attestare una società urbana dai vivaci tratti multiculturali.

Conferenza: Vangelo, lavoro e servizio nella forma di vita dei fratelli Minori e delle sorelle Povere fra Raffaele Di Muro OFMConv -(docente presso la Pontificia Facoltà Teologica San Bonaventura) Conferenza: Forma di vita di Francesco e...more

Conferenza: Vangelo, lavoro e servizio nella forma di vita dei fratelli Minori e delle sorelle Povere fra Raffaele Di Muro OFMConv -(docente presso la Pontificia Facoltà Teologica San Bonaventura) Conferenza: Forma di vita di Francesco e Chiara: invito alla libertà in Cristo. Dalla conversione alla contemplazione. Sr. M. Damiana Ardesi OSC (presidente della Federazione delle Monache Clarisse Urbaniste) Conferenza: "E amandovi a vicenda nella carità di Cristo, dimostrate al di fuori con le opere l'amore che avete nell'intimo" (Test.SCh) Modera fra Emil Kumka OFMConv -(docente presso la Pontificia Facoltà Teologica San Bonaventura) "Venite, aiutatemi nel lavoro per la chiesa di san Damiano, che diventerà un monastero di signore" (FF.1426). Profezia e sogno di… Francesco? La Regola di Santa Chiara e la Regola di San Francesco -aspetti principali della Forma Vitae.

Rabbinic messianic dicta presented medieval Jewish scholars with unique problems and special opportunities. Like other nonlegal exegetical (midrashic) and non-exegetical (aggadic) rabbinic pronouncements, these dicta could seem bizarre or...more

Rabbinic messianic dicta presented medieval Jewish scholars with unique problems and special opportunities. Like other nonlegal exegetical (midrashic) and non-exegetical (aggadic) rabbinic pronouncements, these dicta could seem bizarre or irrational when taken literally. And like these others, messianic midrashim and aggadot were open to textual manipulations which could transmute their meanings and point them in new directions. 1 Unlike other such sayings, however, messianic midrashic and aggadic dicta were, from around the mid-thirteenth century, invoked by Christian missionaries to prove the truth of teachings of Christianity.2 At the same time, they served as a basis upon which various post-rabbinic Jewish savants tried to "calculate" the time of the (in their mind) true Messiah's coming. 3 Finally, a

The relationship of Charles I of Hungary with the Papacy (1301–1342) Descendant of the Neapolitan Anjou dynasty, Charles I succeeded to the Hungarian throne in 1301. In spite of his initial fights with the territorial princes (or...more

The relationship of Charles I of Hungary with the Papacy (1301–1342)
Descendant of the Neapolitan Anjou dynasty, Charles I succeeded to the Hungarian throne in 1301. In spite of his initial fights with the territorial princes (or oligarchs), the first Angevin king of Hungary established dynamic diplomatic relationships where his connections to the papal
court played a crucial role. The sources suggest that the relation of Charles I with the papacy was the golden thread in his diplomacy with Western Europe, and still, it is one of the less known topics in the Hungarian historiography. My doctoral thesis which was written and
defended in the framework of a cooperation of the Universities of Angers (France) and Szeged (Hungary) intended to fill this gap in the Hungarian historical research. This paper summarizes my thesis by presenting the corpus of the sources, the applied methodology, and giving an overview of the preliminary results.

Portrait de Jean XXII dans le Bullarium de Cherubini (XVIf siècle). roÂNlrEs xxt. DIçr. XXn poi.lr cxÇyfir, Âxxç DÈxr*r rcnçLyr. Nicohu: V.Ant ipprrdiûns Fnm Pcmre dc Corbrrio, Ocdinis ùtinoiuru Êdir in l?hifiurtc conua lornnem...more

Portrait de Jean XXII dans le Bullarium de Cherubini (XVIf siècle). roÂNlrEs xxt. DIçr. XXn poi.lr cxÇyfir, Âxxç DÈxr*r rcnçLyr. Nicohu: V.Ant ipprrdiûns Fnm Pcmre dc Corbrrio, Ocdinis ùtinoiuru Êdir in l?hifiurtc conua lornnem XXIl.rafiG.rct,urnlir rcsfrcr r +. rudcm 8. KaL Stptmb,r 3 1o. ioGnçd callnm L\uo,:d pcdovci ri I'ouuvcnim dcprccudo, rbdir;,ur, -I 29 toutes les faveurs et,dispenses réclamées à la papauté, notamment l'attribution des bénéfices réservés. " (8. Guillemain) >>.r Cette masse de documents officiels ainsi expédiés se trouvait également recopiée dans des registres, sortes de chronos comme en tiennent aujourd'hui administrations et entreprises avec force photocopies. Cet archivage était effectué en double : sur place, dans les < Registres d'Avignon >>, mais aussi en la Ville Sainte, dans les < Registres du Vatican >>. Les deux collcctions se trouvent aujourd'hui réunies au Vatican.

Portrait de Jean XXII dans le Bullarium de Cherubini (XVIf siècle). roÂNlrEs xxt. DIçr. XXn poi.lr cxÇyfir, Âxxç DÈxr*r rcnçLyr. Nicohu: V.Ant ipprrdiûns Fnm Pcmre dc Corbrrio, Ocdinis ùtinoiuru Êdir in l?hifiurtc conua lornnem...more

Portrait de Jean XXII dans le Bullarium de Cherubini (XVIf siècle). roÂNlrEs xxt. DIçr. XXn poi.lr cxÇyfir, Âxxç DÈxr*r rcnçLyr. Nicohu: V.Ant ipprrdiûns Fnm Pcmre dc Corbrrio, Ocdinis ùtinoiuru Êdir in l?hifiurtc conua lornnem XXIl.rafiG.rct,urnlir rcsfrcr r +. rudcm 8. KaL Stptmb,r 3 1o. ioGnçd callnm L\uo,:d pcdovci ri I'ouuvcnim dcprccudo, rbdir;,ur, -I 29 toutes les faveurs et,dispenses réclamées à la papauté, notamment l'attribution des bénéfices réservés. " (8. Guillemain) >>.r Cette masse de documents officiels ainsi expédiés se trouvait également recopiée dans des registres, sortes de chronos comme en tiennent aujourd'hui administrations et entreprises avec force photocopies. Cet archivage était effectué en double : sur place, dans les < Registres d'Avignon >>, mais aussi en la Ville Sainte, dans les < Registres du Vatican >>. Les deux collcctions se trouvent aujourd'hui réunies au Vatican.