lightbulbAbout this topic

Health Sciences is an interdisciplinary field that encompasses the study of health, disease, and healthcare systems. It integrates knowledge from various disciplines, including biology, medicine, public health, and social sciences, to improve health outcomes, enhance healthcare delivery, and promote wellness through research, education, and practice.

Forty eight adult male of white albino rats (Sprague Dawley Strain) were injected by a single dose of potassium bromate at dose 130 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneal to induce renal toxicity. Rats were classified into six groups that were...more

Forty eight adult male of white albino rats (Sprague Dawley Strain) were injected by a single dose of potassium bromate at dose 130 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneal to induce renal toxicity. Rats were classified into six groups that were control (+ ve), arginine (100 mg/kg), parsley powder (10% parsley powder), parsley extract (25 mg /kg), parsley powder + arginine (10% parsley powder and 5 g/kg of arginine) and parsley extract with arginine group (25 mg /kg parsley extract with 5 g/kg of arginine) rat groups. The study period was 60 days. Results showed that consumption of arginine and parsley group showed improvement of nutritional values and had significant decrease in serum creatinine, urea, uric acid and malondialdehyde. Moreover, they showed significant increase in serum total protein, globulin, hemoglobin, packed cell volume and serum and kidney superoxide dismutase, glutathione-peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase compared with control (+ve) group. The best treatment ef...

Atualmente, com o aumento constante da doença celíaca e da busca da população por uma vida saudável, os produtos considerados funcionais são cada vez mais procurados por seus benefícios apresentados além do alto valor nutricional....more

Atualmente, com o aumento constante da doença celíaca e da busca da população por uma vida saudável, os produtos considerados funcionais são cada vez mais procurados por seus benefícios apresentados além do alto valor nutricional. Portanto, o mercado busca sempre introduzir essa funcionalidade a produtos comuns na alimentação, como os brownies, que são alternativas com qualidade sensorial e de fácil modificação que podem ser boa opção de lanches escolares de crianças e adolescentes. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse estudo foi elaborar um brownie funcional isento de glúten e avaliar a sua aceitação entre crianças. Para sua elaboração, foi utilizada as farinhas de mandioca e de linhaça, ovos, manteiga, fermento em pó, açúcar demerara e chocolate em pó, e a avaliação sensorial foi feita através da escala hedônica facial com crianças entre 5 e 8 anos em uma escola privada do município de Cuité/PB. A partir dos resultados observou-se que a amostra foi bem aceita, obtendo 100% de aprovação, sendo um produto que atribui sabor e valor nutricional, além de ter propriedades funcionais e poder atender o público em geral, inclusive celíacos. Brownies são produtos de panificação que se caracterizam por possuírem uma camada interna densa e cremosa, enquanto a sua camada superficial é mais firme . Esse tem se tornado comum na alimentação humana por sua praticidade de consumo, sendo possível alterar sua formulação, a fim de torná-lo um produto mais saudável e funcional. Segundo a RDC n° 18/1999 da ANVISA, alimentos funcionais são aqueles que além da sua função nutritiva básica, são capazes de fornecer outros benefícios a saúde, devendo ser seguros sem supervisão médica. É importante destacar que seu consumo deve ser associado a uma alimentação adequada e hábitos de vida saudáveis. Dentre os

Introduction:  Porcelain laminate veneers are sometimes necessary after bleaching in patients requiring marked change in tooth color. Bonding following bleaching has been shown to be compromised. The use of an antioxidant agent and...more

Introduction:  Porcelain laminate veneers are sometimes necessary after bleaching in patients requiring marked change in tooth color. Bonding following bleaching has been shown to be compromised. The use of an antioxidant agent and delayed bonding could improve bonding. Aim of the study: was to evaluate the effect of antioxidant treatment and delayed bonding, one week after bleaching, on the shear bond strength of porcelain laminate veneers bonded to bleached enamel in comparison with immediate bonding after bleaching. Methodology: Forty freshly extracted maxillary central incisors with flat enamel surfaces were prepared and divided into four groups (n=10/group). Three test groups were bleached with 40% hydrogen peroxide (Power Whitening) and one control group was left as unbleached enamel. Forty glass ceramic discs were fabricated using IPS e.max Press to be bonded to the enamel surface. Group A:antioxidant treated specimens. Bleached specimens were treated with an antioxidant agen...

Herbal medicines remain integral part of indigenous health care system in Ghana. Most conventional health medicines are directly or indirectly derived from plants or herbs. Despite its significant role in modern medicine indigenous herbal...more

Herbal medicines remain integral part of indigenous health care system in Ghana. Most conventional health medicines are directly or indirectly derived from plants or herbs. Despite its significant role in modern medicine indigenous herbal practices has been on the low light for some time due to perceived antagonistic relationship that exists between practitioners of herbal medicine and their counterpart in the conventional system. Using an indigenous knowledge discursive framework, the thesis examined the relevance of herbal medicine to the contemporary Ghanaian society. The thesis also examined the tension between the indigenous herbal practitioners and their orthodox counterparts. The thesis noted that for health care system in Ghana to be effective, there is a need for collaborate relations between these two practitioners. Also, it was noted that for health care system to be effective in Ghana, spirituality has to be central in the works of the herbal practitioners. iii Dedication This work is first dedicated to God almighty for His mercies and favor. Secondly to my entire family especially my parents Mr. Dickson Darko & Mrs. Emma Ntow. This work is for you. I will never forget all the efforts put into my life. If I am to come back to this world again, I pray you still remain my parents. Thank you once again iv Acknowledgement My greatest appreciation and thanks go to God Almighty for making it possible for me to complete this journey successfully. The Akans of Ghanaian have a saying that goes like this: -se nnipa ye adea ose ayeyi,‖ which literally means -when a person does well, she or he deserves a praise.‖ It is within this context that I like to express my profound gratitude to a number of individuals who have been inspirational to this work. My deep appreciation goes to my supervisor and academic mother, Professor Njoki Nathani Wane of Ontario Institute of Education of the University of Toronto (OISE/UT). Professor Wane undoubtedly has been a strong pillar in my academic pursuit at OISE. Professor Wane moved from being been my supervisor to a mother who cared for every other needs of a lonely boy in Canada. Professor Wane, May God Almighty make all your ways straight and successful. Professor George Dei, also a Professor of OISE/UT and my second reader, deserves a very big applause. Professor Dei has also been an unmovable pillar in my academic and personal life. He always made sure my writings turn out to be the best and only the best. Prof, you are and will remain an important part of my life. To you I say may God Almighty bless you abundantly. If I forget to mention Mr. Paul Adjei Banahene then I will be ungrateful. From my application to U of T, visa application, all the way through my arrival at Pearson airport, Paul has never given-up on me. Besides the big brotherly role Paul has played in my life in Canada, he also took keen interest in this thesis always there to guide me when the need arises. Paul, I don't even want to think of how my stay in Canada will be like without you. To your lovely wife, Sister Martha who always welcomed me v with a smile no matter my troubles, I say may God grant all your heart desires and continue to bless more people through you. Thank you, thank you, and thank you. In my first encounter with Margaret Brenan of the Students Services of OISE, I knew I have met a wonderful persona. Margaret is always ready to offer assistance in any form possible. Margaret, your advices and supports have made a huge difference in my personal and academic work, and I would like to say a special thank you. To the Ghanaian Toronto Seventh -day Adventist church, I say another big thank you. Elder Oteng, Antie Esther, Uncle Ebo and family, Marcelle, Tracy, Noah, Uncle Ernest Dei, the Ansong family to mention but a few, the elders, and the entire members of the congregation, I say thank you for making me part of your Christian family. To all -my kids‖ and friends at Sabbath school, thanks for all the laugh we have shared. Last but not the least, my dear friends, Francis Boateng who I affectionately call Fransoa, Ernest Agyeman, Emmanuel Adu Poku, Michael Oduro, Michael Nwalutu, Jennifer, Ronel, Larrisaa Burr, and Yumiko; guys, I really appreciate all the diverse ways you have affected my life. May God continue to bless you. There is no doubt that these a aforementioned names deserve every praise reserve for this work; however, if there is any mistake, I am afraid, I have caused and should be rightly directed to me.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) remains a challenging hematologic disorder, characterized by chronic hemolysis, vaso-occlusive events, and multi-organ complications. Hypertension, a prevalent comorbidity in SCD, poses significant clinical...more

Sickle cell disease (SCD) remains a challenging hematologic disorder, characterized by chronic hemolysis, vaso-occlusive events, and multi-organ complications. Hypertension, a prevalent comorbidity in SCD, poses significant clinical implications, exacerbating the complexities of disease management and impacting patient outcomes. Understanding the intricate interplay between SCD and hypertension is pivotal. Mechanistic insights uncover a landscape characterized by chronic hemolysis, endothelial dysfunction, altered nitric oxide bioavailability, and increased oxidative stress, contributing to elevated blood pressure and heightened cardiovascular risks in individuals with SCD. The diagnostic challenges inherent in identifying and monitoring hypertension in SCD patients necessitate novel approaches. Current treatment paradigms encompass a spectrum of lifestyle modifications, pharmacological interventions, and multidisciplinary care models. However, the limitations and complexities inherent in managing hypertension in SCD call for innovative strategies. Tailored approaches, personalized treatments, and emerging therapeutic avenues geared explicitly toward SCD patients mark a shift toward more effective management. Advancements in technology, including wearable devices and remote monitoring systems, present opportunities to revolutionize blood pressure monitoring, enhancing patient engagement and compliance while providing more accurate and frequent measurements. Moreover, the review underscores the importance of integrated care models and multidisciplinary collaborations. Collaborative frameworks involving hematologists, cardiologists, nephrologists, and primary care physicians are integral in optimizing hypertension management and addressing the specific needs of individuals with SCD.

Introduction: Egypt lacks awareness regarding the positive influence of reflexology along with aerobic training (AT) on the quality of life (QoL) of patients with hypertension (HTN). Objective: We aim to determine reflexology and AT...more

Introduction: Egypt lacks awareness regarding the positive influence of reflexology along with aerobic training (AT) on the quality of life (QoL) of patients with hypertension (HTN). Objective: We aim to determine reflexology and AT effects on the insomnia severity index (ISI) and QoL of HTN patients. Methods: This study enrolled 40 HTN female patients aged 35-45 years who were equally divided into groups A and B. Groups A and B participants were provided with medications and peddling training, while Group B participants also received reflexology. The treatment protocol consisted of an eight-week program with three sessions per week. After the fourweek treatment protocol, a post-evaluation (post-1) was conducted and was repeated after another four-week treatment (post-2). The participants underwent assessment for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, ISI, and a 36-item short-form survey (SF-36), a general QoL measure, pre-and post-treatment. The results revealed significant discrepancies in the assessed variable between both groups pre-and post-treatment (post-1/2). When comparing the post-treatment values (post-1/2) of the evaluated variable between groups A and B, incorporating reflexology and AT, such as peddling training, into the physical treatment program is recommended. The study highlights the positive impact of reflexology and AT on the QoL and ISI of female HTN patients, recommending their incorporation into treatment programs.

In Germany, IQWIG has proposed to use correlations between surrogate endpoints and patient relevant outcomes to determine value of cancer drugs. Due to increased cost pressure on payers, such models are likely to inspire novel...more

In Germany, IQWIG has proposed to use correlations between surrogate endpoints and patient relevant outcomes to determine value of cancer drugs. Due to increased cost pressure on payers, such models are likely to inspire novel reimbursement schemes for other branded products. ConClusions: Cancer drug reimbursement models are setting new benchmark for payers to manage access and control costs. These models have significant implications for other expensive branded products.

Natural products from medicinal plants either as pure compounds or standardized extracts, provide unlimited opportunities for new drug leads, because of the unmatched availability of chemical diversity. Due to an increasing demand for...more

Natural products from medicinal plants either as pure compounds or standardized extracts, provide unlimited opportunities for new drug leads, because of the unmatched availability of chemical diversity. Due to an increasing demand for therapeutic drugs from natural products, interest particularly in edible plants has grown throughout the world. The phytochemical screening was carried out via standard procedures while the isolation and characterization was done using different solvents via thin layer and column chromatography. The bioactivity studies of the purely active compound isolated was achieved using different clinical bacterial isolates, gram negative (E. coli and Salmonella typhi) and positive (Staphylococcus aureus); the radical scavenging power of the purely active compound was assayed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) and characterization using GCMS, 1 HNMR, 13 CNMR and FTIR was carried out to facilitate structure elucidation. The focus of this paper is on the ana...

Will a smiling worker make a distinction in a service conveyance, and do men and ladies assess emotional signals differently in a practical service experience setting? The literature suggests a supportive emotional presentation of...more

Will a smiling worker make a distinction in a service conveyance, and do men and ladies assess emotional signals differently in a practical service experience setting? The literature suggests a supportive emotional presentation of consumer reactions to service experiences, but the effect on these evaluations of sexual orientation (gender) remains hazy. The main aim of this analysis was to evaluate the interceding effect of customer satisfaction on the relationship between quality of service experience and patient experience loyalty, as well as the directing role of sexual orientation (gender) in driving such impact. The study was anchored on the service encounter needs theory with literature from preceding studies used to develop a conceptual model and hypotheses which were tested using statistical techniques. The study employed a pathmodelling analysis approach with a cross-sectional research design. Sampling was done via census sampling technique and a sample of (562) hospital out...

Objectives The objective of our in vitro investigation was to assess the effect of a layer of three lining materials; flowable composite, flowable compomer, and light-curing glass ionomer cement as a liner on microleakage with Class V...more

Objectives The objective of our in vitro investigation was to assess the effect of a layer of three lining materials; flowable composite, flowable compomer, and light-curing glass ionomer cement as a liner on microleakage with Class V packable composite restorations in young premolar teeth. Materials and Methods A total of 40 premolars were assigned randomly into four groups of 10 teeth each (Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4). Class V cavities (3 mm × 2 mm × 1.5 mm) were prepared in a standardized technique on the buccal surface of every tooth with the cervical margin extending 0.5 mm below the cementoenamel junction, into the dentin. Cavities in the first group (control group) were filled with packable composite (Heliomolar HB) without liners. Cavities in Groups 2, 3, and 4 were restored with packable composite after placing flowable composite (Heliomolar Flow), light-curing glass ionomer cement (Vivaglass), and flowable compomer (Compoglass Flow) as liners, respectively. The 40 restored teet...

Introduction: Jaundice refers to the yellow discoloration of sclera, skin and mucous membranes. It is a common problem that is faced during the first week of life by nearly every neonate. It is important to determine whether the clinical...more

Introduction: Jaundice refers to the yellow discoloration of sclera, skin and mucous membranes. It is a common problem that is faced during the first week of life by nearly every neonate. It is important to determine whether the clinical examination can be used reliably as a clinical screening tool for the diagnosis of neonatal jaundice. The diagnostic accuracy of Kramer's rule was compared to venous method in this study in order to provide less invasive, time consuming and less painful method of measuring neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of Kramer's rule of assessing neonatal hyperbilirubinemia taking serum bilirubin as "Gold standard".

Background: With the recommendation of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) as the standard of care for children infected with HIV, their quality of life has improved dramatically. However anti-retroviral (ARV) drugs used in...more

Background: With the recommendation of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) as the standard of care for children infected with HIV, their quality of life has improved dramatically. However anti-retroviral (ARV) drugs used in HAART regimens are often associated with adverse drug reactions (ADRs), some of which may be life-threatening. This study aimed to determine the frequency and pattern of adverse drug reactions to ARVs in children in a large treatment centre in Nigeria. Methods: HIV-infected children initiated on ART between April 2008 and March 2013 at AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria (APIN)-supported HIV clinic of Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria were included in the study. Each child was followed up for a period of 12 months. A thorough symptom checklist, physical examination, and laboratory evaluation were done at baseline. We reviewed them on each scheduled monthly visit and on any event-triggered visit and assessed for adverse drug reactions. Rou...

Despite all quality management and integration literature prescriptions to implement strategies for a better organizational performance, healthcare organizations support a model that is inefficient, expensive, and unsustainable over time....more

Despite all quality management and integration literature prescriptions to implement strategies for a better organizational performance, healthcare organizations support a model that is inefficient, expensive, and unsustainable over time. This work aims to examine the interpersonal relationships in three large hospitals located in Southern Brazil and its relation with organizational efficiency. Through a qualitative and explanatory research, semi-structured interviews were applied to 32 professionals, in addition to a document analysis. The data analysis shows that integration occurs at the formal leadership level only in one of the organizations and does not involve the medical and operational professionals. Quality management seems not to be fully incorporated into care routines, and are related to efficiency losses. This scenario is probably related to the lack of integration among the professionals and the consolidation of trust, leadership, and communication.

OBJECTIVE To determine the predictors of chain acquisition among independent dialysis providers. DATA SOURCES Retrospective facility-level data combined from CMS Cost Reports, Medical Evidence Forms, Annual Facility Surveys, and claims...more

OBJECTIVE To determine the predictors of chain acquisition among independent dialysis providers. DATA SOURCES Retrospective facility-level data combined from CMS Cost Reports, Medical Evidence Forms, Annual Facility Surveys, and claims for 1996-2003. STUDY DESIGN Independent dialysis facilities' probability of acquisition by a dialysis chain (overall and by chain size) was estimated using a discrete time hazard rate model, controlling for financial and clinical performance, practice patterns, market factors, and other facility characteristics. DATA COLLECTION The sample includes all U.S. freestanding dialysis facilities that report not being chain affiliated for at least 1 year between 1997 and 2003. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Above-average costs and better quality outcomes are significant determinants of dialysis chain acquisition. Facilities in larger markets were more likely to be acquired by a chain. Furthermore, small dialysis chains have different acquisition strategies than large...

Background Because treatment with third-generation cephalosporins is associated with slow clinical improvement and high relapse burden for enteric fever, whereas the fl uoroquinolone gatifl oxacin is associated with rapid fever clearance...more

Background Because treatment with third-generation cephalosporins is associated with slow clinical improvement and high relapse burden for enteric fever, whereas the fl uoroquinolone gatifl oxacin is associated with rapid fever clearance and low relapse burden, we postulated that gatifl oxacin would be superior to the cephalosporin ceftriaxone in treating enteric fever. We did an open-label, randomised, controlled, superiority trial at two hospitals in the Kathmandu valley, Nepal. Eligible participants were children (aged 2-13 years) and adult (aged 14-45 years) with criteria for suspected enteric fever (body temperature ≥38•0°C for ≥4 days without a focus of infection). We randomly assigned eligible patients (1:1) without stratifi cation to 7 days of either oral gatifl oxacin (10 mg/kg per day) or intravenous ceftriaxone (60 mg/kg up to 2 g per day for patients aged 2-13 years, or 2 g per day for patients aged ≥14 years). The randomisation list was computer-generated using blocks of four and six. The primary outcome was a composite of treatment failure, defi ned as the occurrence of at least one of the following: fever clearance time of more than 7 days after treatment initiation; the need for rescue treatment on day 8; microbiological failure (ie, blood cultures positive for Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi, or Paratyphi A, B, or C) on day 8; or relapse or disease-related complications within 28 days of treatment initiation. We did the analyses in the modifi ed intention-to-treat population, and subpopulations with either confi rmed blood-culture positivity, or blood-culture negativity. The trial was powered to detect an increase of 20% in the risk of failure. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01421693, and is now closed.

AIM To analyses the current literature regarding the urogenital functional outcomes of patients receiving robotic rectal cancer surgery. METHODS A comprehensive literature search of electronic databases was performed in October 2015. The...more

AIM To analyses the current literature regarding the urogenital functional outcomes of patients receiving robotic rectal cancer surgery. METHODS A comprehensive literature search of electronic databases was performed in October 2015. The following search terms were applied: “rectal cancer” or “colorectal cancer” and robot* or “da Vinci” and sexual or urolog* or urinary or erect* or ejaculat* or impot* or incontinence. All original studies examining the urological and/or sexual outcomes of male and/or female patients receiving robotic rectal cancer surgery were included. Reference lists of all retrieved articles were manually searched for further relevant articles. Abstracts were independently searched by two authors. RESULTS Fifteen original studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A total of 1338 patients were included; 818 received robotic, 498 laparoscopic and 22 open rectal cancer surgery. Only 726 (54%) patients had their urogenital function assessed via means of validated fun...

Background: Osteoporosis is a progressive systematic skeletal illness characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD), deterioration of microarchitecture of bone tissues and susceptibility to fracture caused by bone resorption. The study...more

Background: Osteoporosis is a progressive systematic skeletal illness characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD), deterioration of microarchitecture of bone tissues and susceptibility to fracture caused by bone resorption. The study investigates the possible role of Alfacalcidol; vitamin D (Vit D) to mitigate osteoporosis induced by corticosteroid and γrays in rats. Materials and Methods: Eighty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided equally into eight groups: Control group (1 ml olive oil orally), Epirelefan group (7mg/kg sc), Vit D group (20,000 IU/kg orally), Vit D plus Epirelefan group, Vit D plus γ-rays (8 Gy) group, Epirelefan plus γ-rays group, Vit D plus Epirelefan plus γ-rays group and γ-rays groups. Results: In Epirelefan group, mandible bone has small cavities, micro fissures, thinning and decrease in the number of trabecular, which may appear rod-like and concave beside increase marrow cavities. In Epirelefan + γ-rays group, the lesions were more severe with increasing os...

Background: Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) are the tumors lacking expression of estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and human epidermal growth factor 2. The highest level of androgen receptors (AR) expression belongs to the...more

Background: Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) are the tumors lacking expression of estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and human epidermal growth factor 2. The highest level of androgen receptors (AR) expression belongs to the Luminal androgen receptor subtype. AR is expressed in 70 to 90% of primary breast cancers. The biological role of AR in breast cancer continues to emerge. The overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been previously studied in TNBC where it was found to be associated with poor prognosis. In the evaluation of neovascularization, CD105 (endoglin) was found to be superior to CD34 and CD31 owing to its greater affinity for endothelial cells in tumor-related angiogenic tissue. We conducted the present work to assess the expression profile of androgen receptor in TNBC cases and its correlation with other clinicopathological parameters, EGFR and CD 105, in order to evaluate its clinical significance. Method: This retrospective study i...

OBJECTIVE The authors aimed to determine risk factors for postpartum depression (PPD) in this prospective study. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 285 pregnant women. The first assessment was conducted during pregnancy and a second...more

OBJECTIVE The authors aimed to determine risk factors for postpartum depression (PPD) in this prospective study. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 285 pregnant women. The first assessment was conducted during pregnancy and a second time at 24 weeks after delivery. The participants were asked to fill out a series of questionnaires, which included psychosocial variables and socio- demographic characteristics, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). After delivery, 276 mothers participated again in the study and filled out a similar series of questionnaires. RESULTS A significant difference was not found between the socio-demographic and obstetric factors of mothers. A significant relation was found between the BDI score, which is used in antepartum depression evaluation, and EPDS score, which is used on postpartum depression evaluation (rho: 0.433 to 0.645, p < 0.0001). In cases in which BDI score was more than 6 were selected, p...

Objective: To assess the frequency of Spondylolisthesis among patients of Chronic Low Back Pain in Karachi Method: This cross sectional study was conducted from April 2012 to December 2012. Patients were selected from four Hospitals...more

Objective: To assess the frequency of Spondylolisthesis among patients of Chronic Low Back Pain in Karachi Method: This cross sectional study was conducted from April 2012 to December 2012. Patients were selected from four Hospitals consisting of two private and two government tertiary care hospitals. A total of 313 patients confirmed through MRI as suffering from low back pain were selected through purposive sampling technique. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 and associations were assessed using chi-square test. Results: Out of the total 313 participants, 211 were diagnosed as suffering from Spondylolisthesis. Middle age group had significant association with spondylolisthesis. Housewives 57% (21) were found to be associated with Grade 3 Spondylolisthesis. Weight had a significant effect on the preponderance of spondylolisthesis as 46.9% (99) obese had these findings on their MRI. Duration of pain greater than 1 year had significant association with spondylolisthesis, 85.3%...

A study to assess the effectiveness of hatha yoga practice on craving for smoking among persons with smoking behaviour in selected community setting at Kanchipuram district. OBJECTIVES: To assess the severity of smoking behaviour and...more

A study to assess the effectiveness of hatha yoga practice on craving for smoking among persons with smoking behaviour in selected community setting at Kanchipuram district. OBJECTIVES: To assess the severity of smoking behaviour and craving for smoking among persons with smoking behaviour. To evaluate the effectiveness of the Hatha yoga practice on craving for smoking among persons with smoking behaviour. To find out the co-relationship between severity of smoking behaviour and craving for smoking. To analyze the association between craving for smoking and severity of smoking behaviour with demographic variables. HYPOTHESIS: There will be a significant reduction in craving for smoking among persons with smoking behaviour by practicing Hatha yoga. There will be no association between craving for smoking and smoking behaviour with demographic variables. LIMITATIONS: The study is limited to sample size of 30. The study is limited only to male with smoking behaviour. The languages know...

Background: Calculous cholecystitis is the most common lesion of the gallbladder. Pain abdomen is the common clinical presentation.Calculous and acalculous cholecystitis are the most common indications for cholecystectomy. Gross and...more

Background: Calculous cholecystitis is the most common lesion of the gallbladder. Pain abdomen is the common clinical presentation.Calculous and acalculous cholecystitis are the most common indications for cholecystectomy. Gross and microscopic examination of the gall bladder indicates the outcome of the lesions. The various histological findings will reveal the type of the disease entity and prognosis. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study was done, total 120 cases of cholecystectomy specimens were received in pathology department. Formalin fixed specimens were analysed. After processing, H&E stained sections were studied. Results: Chronic calculous cholecystitis is the most common non-neoplastic lesion. calculous cholecystitis(92 cases), acalculous cholecystitis (21 cases), follicular cholecystitis (4 cases), empyema gallbladder (1 case), xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (1 case), eosinophilic cholecystitis (1 case). Among premalignant lesions, cholecystitis with metaplasia was seen in 40 (33.3%) cases. Pyloric metaplasia (25 cases), Intestinalmetaplasia (15 cases). Conclusion: Chronic calculous cholecystitis was the most common lesion. Histopathological evaluation plays an important role in identifying the metaplastic, dysplastic and incidental carcinoma of the gallbladder. .

CITATION: Matope, S., Van der Merwe, A. F., Nemutudi, R., Nkosi, M. & Maaza, M. 2011. Micro-material handling employing e-beam generated topographies of copper and aluminium. South African Journal of Industrial Engineering, 22(2):175-188,...more

CITATION: Matope, S., Van der Merwe, A. F., Nemutudi, R., Nkosi, M. & Maaza, M. 2011. Micro-material handling employing e-beam generated topographies of copper and aluminium. South African Journal of Industrial Engineering, 22(2):175-188, doi:10.7166/22-2-24.

With the shortage of standard criteria donor (SCD) kidneys, efficient expanded criteria donor (ECD) kidney utilization has become more vital. We investigated the effects of the ECD label on kidney recovery, utilization and outcomes. Using...more

With the shortage of standard criteria donor (SCD) kidneys, efficient expanded criteria donor (ECD) kidney utilization has become more vital. We investigated the effects of the ECD label on kidney recovery, utilization and outcomes. Using data from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients from November 2002 to May 2010, we determined recovery and transplant rates, and modeled discard risk, for kidneys within a range of kidney donor risk index (KDRI) 1.4-2.1 that included both SCD and ECD kidneys. To further compare similar quality kidneys, these kidneys were again divided into three KDRI intervals. Overall, ECD kidneys had higher recovery rates, but lower transplant rates. However, within each KDRI interval, SCD and ECD kidneys were transplanted at similar rates. Overall, there was increased risk for discard for biopsied kidneys. SCD kidneys in the lower two KDRI intervals had the highest risk of discard if biopsied. Pumped kidneys had a lower risk of discard, which was modulated by KDRI for SCD kidneys but not ECD kidneys. Although overall ECD graft survival was worse than SCD, there were no differences within individual KDRI intervals. Thus, ECD designation adversely affects neither utilization nor outcomes beyond that predicted by KDRI.

The current study aims to study some biochemical indicators for thalassemia patients in the Najaf governorate, and the study included 25 patients with major beta thalassemia during the period from November 2019 to February 2020 and their...more

The current study aims to study some biochemical indicators for thalassemia patients in the Najaf governorate, and the study included 25 patients with major beta thalassemia during the period from November 2019 to February 2020 and their ages ranged between (2 -65) years and 15 healthy people who arenot He had genetic blood diseases and their ages ranged between (2-65) years. The results of the study showed that there are in some biochemical indicators, as there was a significant increase in the level of the enzyme of liver function ALT that was the focus in patients 23.74 ± 29.53 U\L and in healthy people it was 4.61 ± 11.67U\L Also, the creatinine concentration patients 9.92 ± 26.08 mmol\L and in healthy was, 68.06 ± 51.54 mmol\L, Except for urea, we notice that there was a decrease in its concentration in patients 0.89 ± 3.96 mmol\L and in healthy was 1.03 ± 2.36 mmol\L, There was an increase in the concentration of iron in the blood in patients 382.05 ±64.37 Umol\L And in healthy was 9.48 ± 61.36 Umol\L, as well as a decrease in the concentration of glucose in patients and an increase in healthy people, 18.58 ± 28.59 Umol\L 9.10 ± 20.44 Umol\L respectively. We conclude from this study about some changes that occur on some biochemical indicators for patients with thalassemia that can be attributed to liver and heart diseases, as well as to kidney failure arising from the toxicity of high iron concentration, which is a feature of thalassemia.

Over the years, several authors have discussed the possibility of considering somatic dysfunction (SD) as a “nosological element” detectable on palpation. There are many aspects to consider regarding the etiology and diagnosis of SD, and...more

Over the years, several authors have discussed the possibility of considering somatic dysfunction (SD) as a “nosological element” detectable on palpation. There are many aspects to consider regarding the etiology and diagnosis of SD, and the literature on osteopathic issues provides details on physiological signs that characterize it, including tissue texture changes. Recent knowledge suggests that how tissue and, in particular, connective tissue, responds to osteopathic treatment may depend on the modulation of the inflammation degree. Low-grade inflammation (LGI) may act on the extracellular matrix (ECM) and on cellular elements; and these mechanisms may be mediated by biological water. With its molecules organized in structures called exclusion zones (EZ), water could explain the functioning of both healthy and injured tissues, and how they can respond to osteopathic treatment with possible EZ normalization as a result. The relationship between inflammation and DS and the mechani...

Background: There has been an increased focus towards improving quality of care within the NHS in the last 15 years; as part of this, there has been an emphasis on the importance of patient feedback within policy, through National Service...more

Background: There has been an increased focus towards improving quality of care within the NHS in the last 15 years; as part of this, there has been an emphasis on the importance of patient feedback within policy, through National Service Frameworks and the Quality and Outcomes Framework. The development and administration of large-scale national patient surveys to gather representative data on patient experience, such as the national GP Patient Survey in primary care, has been one such initiative. However, it remains unclear how the survey is used by patients and what impact the data may have on practice. Objectives: Our research aimed to gain insight into how different patients use surveys to record experiences of general practice; how primary care staff respond to feedback; and how to engage primary care staff in responding to feedback. Methods: We used methods including quantitative survey analyses, focus groups, interviews, an exploratory trial and an experimental vignette stud...

Please cite only the published version using the details provided on the item record or document. In the absence of an open licence (e.g. Creative Commons), permissions for further reuse of content should be sought from the publisher or...more

Please cite only the published version using the details provided on the item record or document. In the absence of an open licence (e.g. Creative Commons), permissions for further reuse of content should be sought from the publisher or author.

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been shown to be effective in different populations, but data among injection drug users are limited. Human immunodeficiency virus-infected injection drug users recruited into the Acquired...more

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been shown to be effective in different populations, but data among injection drug users are limited. Human immunodeficiency virus-infected injection drug users recruited into the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Link to Intravenous Experiences (ALIVE) Study as early as 1988 were tested semiannually to identify their first CD4-positive T-lymphocyte cell count below 200/ll; they were followed for mortality through 2002. Visits were categorized into the pre-HAART (before mid-1996) and the HAART eras and further categorized by HAART use. Survival analysis with staggered entry was used to evaluate the effect of HAART on acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related mortality, adjusting for other medications and demographic, clinical, and behavioral factors. Among 665 participants, 258 died during 2,402 person-years of follow-up. Compared with survival in the pre-HAART era, survival in the HAART era was shown by multivariate analysis to be improved for both those who did and did not receive HAART (relative hazards ¼ 0.06 and 0.33, respectively; p < 0.001). Inferences were unchanged after restricting analyses to data starting with 1993 and considerations of leadtime bias and human immunodeficiency viral load. The annual CD4-positive T-lymphocyte cell decline was less in untreated HAART-era participants than in pre-HAART-era participants (ÿ10/ll vs. ÿ37/ll, respectively), suggesting that changing indications for treatment may have contributed to improved survival and that analyses restricted to the HAART era probably underestimate HAART effectiveness.

Summary Background The Xpert MTB/RIF assay is an automated molecular test that has improved the detection of tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance, but its sensitivity is inadequate in patients with paucibacillary disease or HIV. Xpert...more

Summary Background The Xpert MTB/RIF assay is an automated molecular test that has improved the detection of tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance, but its sensitivity is inadequate in patients with paucibacillary disease or HIV. Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Xpert Ultra) was developed to overcome this limitation. We compared the diagnostic performance of Xpert Ultra with that of Xpert for detection of tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance. Methods In this prospective, multicentre, diagnostic accuracy study, we recruited adults with pulmonary tuberculosis symptoms presenting at primary health-care centres and hospitals in eight countries (South Africa, Uganda, Kenya, India, China, Georgia, Belarus, and Brazil). Participants were allocated to the case detection group if no drugs had been taken for tuberculosis in the past 6 months or to the multidrug-resistance risk group if drugs for tuberculosis had been taken in the past 6 months, but drug resistance was suspected. Demographic informatio...

The hybrid operating room (OR), which combines a traditional OR with a radiological intervention room, is one example of the technical advancements within hospitals. In a hybrid OR, the staff have to manage the technique confidently in a...more

The hybrid operating room (OR), which combines a traditional OR with a radiological intervention room, is one example of the technical advancements within hospitals. In a hybrid OR, the staff have to manage the technique confidently in a not completely familiar environment and still be able to care for the vulnerable patient in the safest way. The overall aim of this thesis was to explore and describe the care and work processes, staff interactions, and experiences of both patients and staff in the hybrid OR. Data were collected through 18 individual interviews, nine video recordings of endovascular aortic repairs (EVARs) and five focus group interviews. Data were mainly analyzed qualitatively (hermeneutic, hermeneutic phenomenology and qualitative content analysis) but also with the use of descriptive statistics. The environment in the hybrid OR was experienced as safe by both patients and staff. The patients felt cared for, but a distance to the staff was also evident in the hybri...

reasons: Icebergs of disease, Multiple pathology, Loss of adaptability, Costs of care. 2 According to world health statistics 2014, globally around 11% of population is above 60 yrs of age, and 8% of population is above 60 yrs of age in...more

reasons: Icebergs of disease, Multiple pathology, Loss of adaptability, Costs of care. 2 According to world health statistics 2014, globally around 11% of population is above 60 yrs of age, and 8% of population is above 60 yrs of age in South East Asian countries including India.

Program Studi Magister Keperawatan Konsentrasi Kepemimpinan dan Manajemen Keperawatan Departemen Ilmu Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro November, 2019 ABSTRAK Eni Nuryani Pengaruh Supervisi Model Reflektif terhadap...more

Program Studi Magister Keperawatan Konsentrasi Kepemimpinan dan Manajemen Keperawatan Departemen Ilmu Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro November, 2019 ABSTRAK Eni Nuryani Pengaruh Supervisi Model Reflektif terhadap Ketepatan Penerapan Prinsip Enam Benar Pemberian Obat oleh Perawat di Ruang Rawat Inap xviii + 87 halaman + 18 tabel + 5 gambar + 14 lampiran Prinsip enam benar pemberian obat merupakan prosedur dan legalitas bagi perawat di rumah sakit dalam pemberian obat. Hasil riset sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa perawat dalam menerapkan prinsip enam benar pemberian obat masih rendah. Hasil studi pendahuluan ditemukan adanya ketidaktepatan penerapan prinsip enam benar obat. Supervisi model reflektif diperlukan untuk meningkatkan ketepatan penerapan prinsip enam benar pemberian obat dengan cara yang sangat interaktif dan aktif belajar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh supervisi model reflektif terhadap ketepatan penerapan prinsip enam benar pemb...

Background: Respiratory muscle impairment could contribute to symptoms, exercise intolerance and diminished quality of life in COPD patients. Aim: To assess the results of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) added to general exercise...more

Background: Respiratory muscle impairment could contribute to symptoms, exercise intolerance and diminished quality of life in COPD patients. Aim: To assess the results of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) added to general exercise training in COPD patients. Method: 28 moderate-severe COPD patients were divided randomly into 2 groups. The control group performed a rehabilitation program RP (outpatient, 8 weeks, lower and upper limbs training, education, psychological support). The study group (n=14), in addition to rehabilitation program, performed IMT (daily, at home, with Threshold device, 30 min/day). The parameters evaluated were: maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), 6 minutes walking test (6MWT), modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scale, St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results: Study group (IMT + RP): n=14; mean age 63.4±8 years, mean FEV1: 41.2±15% predicted. Parameters changes after therapy (p≤0.001): inc...

Toilet Training on child constitutes an effort to see child to be able to controls deep poo and pee. So required by task for toilet training. Toilet Training is very important for the child's independence and psychological. So desperately...more

Toilet Training on child constitutes an effort to see child to be able to controls deep poo and pee. So required by task for toilet training. Toilet Training is very important for the child's independence and psychological. So desperately needed readiness Mother, How the implementation and the role of mother in teaching Children Toilet Training. The purpose of this study was to determine maternal motivation in making toilet training in children aged 1-3 years in the working area of Dahlia IHC Health Center Campurejo Kediri.The design of this study using a descriptive design,this research in the working area of Dahlia IHC Health Center Campurejo Kediri.Its research subject is all Mother that have age child 1-3 years in IHC Dahlia June Dahlia 2011 as much 25 respondents (Total sampling). Collecting data with questionnaires and interviews. Its research variable is motivate mother in does toilet training. Data processing utilizes kualitatif's scale passes through editing, coding, tabulating, and scoring. so research measure is divided as tall motivation, motivation be and low motivation.Result respondenting to figure 6 respondents (24%) having motivation less, 5 respondents (20%) having motivation be and a considerable part which is 14 respondents (56%) having tall motivation.So gets to be concluded by tall mother motivation to do toilet training caused total families deep child which more than one more make to have more experience ripe,mother work a large part housewife so mother time to do toilet training more intensive.The advice given is expected given the huge benefits to the mother and child about toilet training. Mother ought to applies toilet training on child and toilet training my mother taught to children early on.

Povidone solution for topical application is an antiseptic that used in the prevention of wound infection the reported side effects of topical application of povidone mainly was irritation. We report a case of oval hyperpigmented (brown)...more

Povidone solution for topical application is an antiseptic that used in the prevention of wound infection the reported side effects of topical application of povidone mainly was irritation. We report a case of oval hyperpigmented (brown) permanent lesion following topical application of povidone as treatment for an erythematous oval lesion around the umbilicus in a 6 year old boy.

operatively; new types of unit are at present being developed to meet the problem of competition between the natural and artificial pacemakers. The analysis of E.C.G.s taken during the investigation of pacemaker failure can be carried out...more

operatively; new types of unit are at present being developed to meet the problem of competition between the natural and artificial pacemakers. The analysis of E.C.G.s taken during the investigation of pacemaker failure can be carried out by reference to Table I. The importance of the deflection due to the pacemaker stimulus will be apparent, and it should be noted that the amplitude of this deflection is considerably less for bipolar stimulation than for unipolar stimulation. Values for threshold voltage found under different conditions are given in Table II, and these were obtained with 2 msec. square-wave biphasic impulses provided by a pacemaker2 with an output impedance of about 50 ohms (Fig. 5); the values

The purpose of this study is to analyse the extended meaning of the variety of English words used by the Indian Railways in their signages, trackside indicator boards, station name boards and symbols, directives etc in different forms of...more

The purpose of this study is to analyse the extended meaning of the variety of English words used by the Indian Railways in their signages, trackside indicator boards, station name boards and symbols, directives etc in different forms of railway territories, and find out the differences in choice of expression among them. The data for the study were collected from the published sign boards symbols in the railway premises, platform in different zones across the Indian Railways network, passenger directives displayed at the railway premises and inside the coaches, other notifications and directives published in time tables etc. All these can be classified under advertisements of two broad categories: commercial and noncommercial.

Dental sealants are important components of preventive dentistry. The aim of this clinical trial was to compare the effectiveness of an unfilled resin-based sealant and a carbomer-based dental sealant. 42 child patients with completely...more

Dental sealants are important components of preventive dentistry. The aim of this clinical trial was to compare the effectiveness of an unfilled resin-based sealant and a carbomer-based dental sealant. 42 child patients with completely erupted inferior first molars and with diagnosed bruxism were included in the study. At 2 weeks, respectively 6, 12 and 18 months were evaluated the effectiveness of sealants after marginal deterioration, retention and the presence of caries. The results of the trial showed that unfilled resin-based sealant presented fewer modifications.

Aims & Objective. To assess the incidence and rate of implant removal among orthopedic patients, its indications, and the effect of COVID-19 pandemic. Material & Method: A retrospective study was done during the period from October 2017...more

Aims & Objective. To assess the incidence and rate of implant removal among orthopedic patients, its indications, and the effect of COVID-19 pandemic. Material & Method: A retrospective study was done during the period from October 2017 to October 2020 included all patients admitted for removal of orthopedic implants. Results: One-hundred eleven patients with a mean age of 28 ± 10.9 years were included in this study. Most (83.8%) were males. The incidence rate of removal was 20.2%. The mean period between implant fixation and removal was 26 ± 20 months. Lower limb fractures constituted 85.6% of cases with about half of them as foot and ankle fractures. The most frequently presented fractures were femur and tibia (33.3% and 21.6%, respectively), while the most frequently removed implants were plate and screws (43.2%). Only 8.9% of surgeries were indicated for removal, and only 4.5% of all patients suffered post-removal complications. Conclusion: Non indicated implant removal occurs at a significantly high rate in Saudi Arabia. No real indications for such a procedure were found in the majority of patients. COVID-19 control strategies caused a significant decrease in this high rate.

In chronic heart failure (CHF) patients, diuretic administration plays a key role in the control of congestion. However, high diuretic dose (HDD) has been also demonstrated to be associated to a worse prognosis. The aim of this study was...more

In chronic heart failure (CHF) patients, diuretic administration plays a key role in the control of congestion. However, high diuretic dose (HDD) has been also demonstrated to be associated to a worse prognosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors independently associated to HDD and, in particular, the role of a marker of renal perfusion, the Renal arterial Resistance Index (RRI). We enrolled 250 outpatients (78% males, 64±13 years, NYHA class 2.2±0.6, left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEF, 34±10%) with CHF (ESC criteria) due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction, in stable clinical conditions (> 1 month) and in conventional therapy. All patients underwent: a clinical evaluation to assess NYHA class; a routine chemistry to evaluate NT-proBNP and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by creatinine (MDRD formula); an echocardiogram to evaluate LVEF and to estimate central venous pressure (CVP); a renal echo-Doppler in order to evaluate RRI. Peak systolic velocity and end diastolic velocity of segmental renal artery was obtained by pulsed Doppler flow and RRI was then calculated. RRI was positively and significantly correlated with furosemide equivalent dose (r: 0.33; p<0.001) and with HDD (r: 0.36; p<0.001). As shown in the table, RRI remained significantly associated with HDD in a multivariate logistic regression analysis including the other factors significantly correlated at univariate analysis.

Background: Adiponectin is a novel hormone with unique biologic functions. Objective: Evaluating adiponectinpattern among children with a family history of cardio-metabolic diseases and risk factors may shed insight into the...more

Background: Adiponectin is a novel hormone with unique biologic functions. Objective: Evaluating adiponectinpattern among children with a family history of cardio-metabolic diseases and risk factors may shed insight into the pathophysiologic mechanism behind these diseases among those at risk. Methods: 101 healthy children, aged 4 to 12 years, were enrolled in this study. Family history of diabetes, hypertension, obesity in both first and second degree relatives were established using Intervieweradministered questionnaires to the study participants' caregivers. Other data collated include the smoking history, occupation and highest educational attainment of the caregivers and birth weight of the study participants. Venous blood samples were assayed foradiponectin using ELISA kits. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21 with the significance level for tests of associations done set at p<0.05. Results: Of 101 children, 53 subjects were males (52.5%) with a male to female ratio of 0.9:1. The mean age of all subjects was 7.8 ± 2.3 years. Children with a positive family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and obesity had higher mean adiponectin values than those without a family history, but these differences were not statistically significant. A negative trend was observed among subjects with a positive history of smoking and increased birth weight (p>0.05). No association was detected between adiponectin level and socioeconomic class. Conclusion: Future related studies conducted among subjects of African ancestry should explore the role of adiponectin resistance in the progression of cardio-metabolic diseases.

Background: Acute mechanical bowel obstruction (AMBO) is one of the common life threatening emergencies globally. This study was aimed at determining the pattern of causes of acute mechanical bowel obstruction in adult seen at the Ladoke...more

Background: Acute mechanical bowel obstruction (AMBO) is one of the common life threatening emergencies globally. This study was aimed at determining the pattern of causes of acute mechanical bowel obstruction in adult seen at the Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital, Osogbo. Methods: This was a prospective study of all adult patients with clinical, radiological and intra-operative features of acute mechanical bowel obstruction between June 2007 and June 2014, in the Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital, Osogbo. Results: A total of 126 adult patients with the diagnosis of acute mechanical bowel obstruction were enrolled in the study. The patients’ ages ranged between 15 and 87 with a mean of 44.5 + 2.1 (SD) years. The male to female sex ratio was 1: 1. Adhesions and bands accounted for 81 (64.3%) of the cases. Obstructed /strangulated hernia were responsible for 20 (15.9%) of the patients. Other causes included volvulus in 25 (19.8%), bowe...

We report in this work, the evolution and management of a case of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHS) complicated by severe acute renal failure (ARI). A young 31-year-old patient pregnant with twins after 17 weeks of amenorrhea was...more

We report in this work, the evolution and management of a case of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHS) complicated by severe acute renal failure (ARI). A young 31-year-old patient pregnant with twins after 17 weeks of amenorrhea was admitted to nephrology department for rapidly progressive acute renal failure (AKI) (creatinine increases in 48 hours from 28mg/l to 55mg/l) and was complicated by major hydro-electrolyte disorders and multiorgan failure. Her past medical history revealed an ovulation induction before her last pregnancy and a spontaneous abortion seven years ago before her hospitalization which occurred in the 2nd trimester of her 1st twin pregnancy obtained by medically assisted reproduction. Despite optimal care, the patient improves her renal function and her multiorgan failure after abortion in gynecological intensive care. Because of worldwide increase of infertility cases and the use of new ovulation induction techniques with these risks of serious complications, we report this interesting clinical case of OHS.