During the excavations undertaken in 2018 at the Nueva Biblioteca sector of the Valencina Copper Age mega-site, in southwest Spain, an exceptional sperm-whale tooth was found inside a non-burial pit. This remarkable object is the first of...more

During the excavations undertaken in 2018 at the Nueva Biblioteca sector of the Valencina Copper Age mega-site, in southwest Spain, an exceptional sperm-whale tooth was found inside a non-burial pit. This remarkable object is the first of its kind ever found for Late Prehistoric Iberia. Due to its rarity and importance, a multidisciplinary study was carried out, including photogrammetric 3D modelling, as well as taphonomic, paleontological, technological and contextual analysis. This led to a full characterisation of the artefact through the analysis of its bioerosion traces, anthropogenic marks, depositional context and socio-cultural background. The ensuing discussion covers the history and processes the tooth went through from the death of the animal and disposal on the seabed, through the disarticulation of the tooth to its collection in a coastal environment and its subsequent use and deposition in the pit. 'No permits were required for the described study, which complied with all relevant regulations.' Not far from the gate is a common tomb, where lie all those who met their death when fighting against Alexander and the Macedonians. Hard by they show a place where, it is said, Cadmus (he may believe the story who likes) sowed the teeth of the dragon, which he slew at the fountain, from which teeth men came up out of the earth.

This study deals with the geochronological, geoarchaeological, sedimentological and geomorphological analyses of sandy Pleistocene fluvial deposits exposed throughout the Prados-Guatén Depression, occupying the wide drainage divide of the...more

This study deals with the geochronological, geoarchaeological, sedimentological and geomorphological analyses of sandy Pleistocene fluvial deposits exposed throughout the Prados-Guatén Depression, occupying the wide drainage divide of the Guadarrama and Jarama rivers draining towards the Tagus River (SW Madrid, Central Spain). Pleistocene fluvial deposits within the depression record two different fluvial systems draining the zone during the Pleistocene. Older fluvial deposits (T1), thick stacked arkosic sand sequences (w15e17 m) with fossil fauna attributable to the Lower Pleistocene (c. 1.0e0.9 Ma; Mammuthus meridionalis NESTI), exposed at elevations of þ15e40 m above the present Guatén stream thalweg. This terrace was deposited by an ancient fluvial system draining the Depression north to south, flowing directly to the Tagus (Paleo-Manzanares). Overlapping the older ones, the younger deposits studied are inset fluvial terraces at þ13e16 m (T2) and þ8 m (T3). T2 Upper-Middle Pleistocene (500e200 ka) fauna, Equus ferus cf. Mosbachensis, is related with the abandonment of the valley, the onset of a stage of relevant intra-valley dissection, and subsequent refilling linked to the early organization of the present drainage leading to the development of T3. Paleomagnetic data from T2 and T3 terraces display an overall normal "Brunhes" polarity, although anomalous reverse polarities are recorded in the younger terrace (T3). TL and OSL dates range between c. >126e75 ka for T2 (MIS 5) and c. 20e17 ka for T3 (MIS 2), indicating a mainly Upper Pleistocene age for the development of these two more recent terraces. The dates obtained indicate that the establishment of the present divergent fluvial arrangement within the Prados-Guatén Depression started during the Middle-Upper Pleistocene transition, after it was abandoned by the Lower-Middle Pleistocene Paleo-Manzanares fluvial system (T1). T2 contains a variety of Lower to Middle Palaeolithic flint flaking products, indicating chronocultural transition during the Upper Pleistocene in the area, correlated with a drastic change in the fluvial landscape from the end of MIS 5 (<75 ka).

La construcción de la LAV. Madrid – Frontera Francesa ha permitido plantear el estudio de dife-rentes yacimientos afectados por el trazado de la nueva línea férrea. Entre los yacimientos afectados destaca el documentado en la Gravera de...more

La construcción de la LAV. Madrid – Frontera Francesa ha permitido plantear el estudio de dife-rentes yacimientos afectados por el trazado de la nueva línea férrea. Entre los yacimientos afectados destaca el documentado en la Gravera de l&#x27;Eugeni. La intervención ...

Identifying animal species used in osseous industry production is crucial for reconstructing humananimal interactions in ancient societies. However, bone artefact manufacture often involves intensive modifications to raw materials that...more

Identifying animal species used in osseous industry production is crucial for reconstructing humananimal interactions in ancient societies. However, bone artefact manufacture often involves intensive modifications to raw materials that hamper taxonomic identifications. Here, for the first time in central Eurasia, we taxonomically assess bone objects stored in museum collections, recovered from Late Neolithic to Iron Age contexts in Armenia, using a minimally invasive peptide mass fingerprinting technique, also known as Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry (ZooMS). Our pilot study shows remarkable collagen preservation in the bone artefacts, demonstrating the rich potential of ZooMS for examining legacy collections. The successful ZooMS screening provided taxonomic identification for 86% of the artefacts, offering insights into species selection for bone manufacturing, as well as broader socioeconomic developments and interregional links. Our study underscores the utility of minimally invasive proteomic techniques, enabling the preservation of cultural and historical artefacts while addressing limitations of studying museum collections. 1234567890():,; 1234567890():,;

Climate change creates a multifaceted challenge that intertwines environmental and socioeconomic factors; its adverse impacts extend to individuals, households, communities, and the global economy. The study aimed to assess rural women's...more

Climate change creates a multifaceted challenge that intertwines environmental and socioeconomic factors; its adverse impacts extend to individuals, households, communities, and the global economy. The study aimed to assess rural women's level of knowledge about climate change. This study examined rural women's understanding of climate change in Burj Rashid Village, Rashid District, Beheira Governorate, Egypt. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire in face-to-face interviews with 263 rural women between 18 and 65 years old in March 2025. The data revealed disparities in knowledge across different aspects of climate change, highlighting the need for further efforts to enhance public understanding of its potential risks and impacts. There was an obvious disparity in awareness: human factors are widely recognized as the primary causes of climate change, while natural factors received significantly less attention. The results indicated that approximately half of the sample demonstrated a moderate knowledge of climate change causes and impacts.

Resumo: A área de Serra Negra, composta por 77 sítios arqueológicos, está localizada na face nordeste da Serra do Espinhaço Meridional, Brasil. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar os dados paleoambientais e arqueológicos dessa importante...more

Resumo: A área de Serra Negra, composta por 77 sítios arqueológicos, está localizada na face nordeste da Serra do Espinhaço Meridional, Brasil. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar os dados paleoambientais e arqueológicos dessa importante área no contexto da ocupação indígena na América do Sul, contribuindo para a discussão sobre o que tem sido chamado de Hiato do Arcaico. A discussão baseia-se no que está consolidado na literatura sobre ocupações do Planalto Central Brasileiro durante o Holoceno, destacando também especificidades regionais. Como conclusão, demonstramos que naquela região o Hiato durante o Holoceno Médio não ocorreu, pois a região permaneceu continuamente ocupada nesse período, com uso persistente e articulação de paisagens que estavam em contínua demanda, permitindo, assim, a ideia de um território estruturado ao longo dessas ocupações, bem como a permanência das tecnologias sociais utilizadas para a produção da cultura material. Portanto, a conjunção de contextos, cronologias e dados arqueológicos e paleoambientais corroboram a hipótese de um quadro de estabilidade regional (recursos e visão de mundo), com permanência de uso e articulação entre locais em uso contínuo, permitindo a ideia de um território estruturado ao longo dessas ocupações do Holoceno médio.

This article presents an interdisciplinary programme for research on historic landscapes that has emerged since 2020 in the framework of the project Terraces as Sustainable Agricultural Environments ('TerraSAgE'). While the methodology...more

This article presents an interdisciplinary programme for research on historic landscapes that has emerged since 2020 in the framework of the project Terraces as Sustainable Agricultural Environments ('TerraSAgE'). While the methodology has been tested in specific Mediterranean case studies, it is also applicable in other locations and regions. Our integrated approach provides new insights into the development of terraced agrarian landscapes and the changing dynamics in land management. It can provide knowledge of the extent to which past change has influenced present-day landscapes and has implications for the development of sustainable landscape practices. The research framework proposed here has been tested through case studies in different landscape types across southern Europe, including small-scale mixed farming landscapes of the Aegean islands (Naxos, Greece); terraces for vines and olives (Pelješac, Croatia); a landscape of dairy production (northern Apennines, Italy), which was until quite recently agroforestry; modern cereal cultivation (around Els Prats de Rei, Catalonia, Spain); upland irrigated landscapes on the slopes of the Sierra Nevada (Andalucia, Spain) and mixed farming in a wooded Atlantic environment (Galicia, Spain). 1 | Introduction Across the world terraced landscapes have been created to produce diverse crops, to improve soils and to manage water resources-historically, they have been widespread in many areas of both dry-land and irrigated agriculture. Despite occurring commonly in the Americas, Europe, Africa and Asia, the history of agricultural terraces has remained poorly This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

CRETACEOUS (CAMPANIAN) BIVALVES OF THE COFFEE SAND IN MISSISSIPPI New Coffee Sand localities during the construction of the Natchez Trace Parkway along the Twenty Mile Creek Overlook in Lee County (MGS locality 128) in 1976 and a borrow...more

CRETACEOUS (CAMPANIAN) BIVALVES OF THE COFFEE SAND IN MISSISSIPPI
New Coffee Sand localities during the construction of the Natchez Trace Parkway along the Twenty Mile Creek Overlook in Lee County (MGS locality 128) in 1976 and a borrow pit in 1982 (MGS locality 129) exposed rich beds of beautifully preserved fossil mollusks. Mary Dockery (shown at bottom) is collecting fossil shells at MGS locality 129 in the summer of 1982. Bulk loads of sediment from this site were taken to MDEQ Office of Geology’s North-west Street office and sieved for fossils. Many of the gastropods from these two localities were published in 1993 in MDEQ Office of Geology Bulletin 129 entitled The Streptoneuran Gas-tropods, Exclusive of the Stenoglossa, of the Coffee Sand (Campanian) of Northeastern Missis-sippi. Bulletin 129 gives much more detail on this fossil mollusk horizon referred to as the Chapelville fossiliferous horizon and is available on our website under publications.
The following illustrated pages of Cetaceous bivalves is systematically arranged according to the MolluscaBase website (as it was while this work was underway) into the following sub-classes listed in alphabetical order:
Subclass Heterodonta
Subclass Palaeoheterodonta
Subclass Protobranchia
Subclass Pteriomorphia

Der seit über 30 Jahren archäologisch erforschte Fundplatz von Kalkriese wird mit der historischen Varusschlacht im Jahr 9 n. Chr. in Verbindung gebracht. Während sich die meisten Kontroversen um die zeitliche Einordnung und die damit...more

Der seit über 30 Jahren archäologisch erforschte Fundplatz von Kalkriese wird mit der historischen Varusschlacht im Jahr 9 n. Chr. in Verbindung gebracht. Während sich die meisten Kontroversen um die zeitliche Einordnung und die damit verbundene historische Kontextualisierung drehten, blieben die Deutungen zu den Verlaufsszenarien auf dem Schlachtfeld weitgehend ohne Diskussion. Lange wurde das Kalkriese-Narrativ durch einen von den Germanen angelegten Hinterhalt bestimmt. Durch neuere Grabungen wurde dieses durch die Annahme eines römischen Marschlagers, das letztlich im Laufe der Kampfhandlungen überrannt wurde, abgelöst. Beide Szenarien sind jeweils unmittelbar mit einem Baubefund verknüpft. Durch eine jüngst vorgelegte geoarchäologische Studie wird beiden Ansätzen der Boden entzogen. Die jeweiligen Strukturen datieren demnach ins Mittelalter. Die Studie wird hier in ihren Grundlagen und Ergebnissen auf den Prüfstand gestellt. Es zeigt sich, dass diese wissenschaftlich keinen hinreichenden Anhaltspunkt liefern, die bisherigen Deutungen zurückzuweisen.

Ein Großgefäß des 10. Jahrhunderts aus lokaler Produktion, welches die Zeit fast unbeschadet überdauert hat und in einem ebenso bemerkenswerten Befundkontext überliefert ist, ist gleichzeitig ein Quell von Antworten, aber auch von Fragen....more

Ein Großgefäß des 10. Jahrhunderts aus lokaler Produktion, welches die Zeit fast unbeschadet überdauert hat und in einem ebenso bemerkenswerten Befundkontext überliefert ist, ist gleichzeitig ein Quell von Antworten, aber auch von Fragen. Durch die nun vorliegenden und hier vorgestellten 14C-Datierungen lassen sich Fragen und Antworten in einem neuen Licht betrachten. Auch die Zusammenhänge lassen sich nun differenzierter beschreiben und zeichnen ein genaueres Bild der Peripherie des Hugenturms im 9.–10. und 14. Jahrhundert.

The site of Sembiran on the northern coast of Bali was an important trading harbor with demonstrated intensive links to the Indian subcontinent, the Western Indian Ocean, and Mainland Southeast Asia between the second century BC and the...more

The site of Sembiran on the northern coast of Bali was an important trading harbor with demonstrated intensive links to the Indian subcontinent, the Western Indian Ocean, and Mainland Southeast Asia between the second century BC and the second century AD. Using a combination of excavation and geophysical survey, we have newly mapped a dense network of subsurface structures, which we interpret to be foundations for harbor infrastructure dated to the eighth to ninth centuries AD that were subsequently covered by shoreline aggradation. An assemblage of eighth to twelfth centuries AD Chinese tradeware in dated contexts from our excavations of these shoreline structures and additional trenches further inland suggests a renewal in trade activities at Sembiran, coinciding with the growth of Chinese maritime trade in Island Southeast Asia.

We present the 1998-2009 GPS-derived velocity field for the Armenia region based on a survey-mode observation network of 31 GPS sites. We combine our results with previous GPS studies of the region to better assess the deformation of the...more

We present the 1998-2009 GPS-derived velocity field for the Armenia region based on a survey-mode observation network of 31 GPS sites. We combine our results with previous GPS studies of the region to better assess the deformation of the Lesser Caucasus and Kura basin region. The results show that the Kura basin and the Lesser Caucasus regions are two different blocks, and that the main fault (Pambak-Sevan-Sunik) between these two regions has a right-lateral slip rate of 2± 1 mm/yr. This is consistent with morphotectonic estimates and suggests a fairly constant slip rate over the last 120-300 ka. The right-lateral slip rate on one of the southern branch of the Pambak-Sevan-Sunik fault is lower than 1 mm/yr and the good agreement with a geologically estimated slip rate suggests a constant slip rate over the last 1.4 Myr. The Sardarapat and Akhurian faults experience some shortening. This shortening is consistent with some independent geological estimates and shows the Arabian push. However, NNW-SSE-orientated faults have an extensional fault normal component instead of the expected shortening due to the Arabia-Eurasia convergence. This substantial extensive strain, and the sharp azimuth change of the velocity vectors between the Arabia promontory and the Lesser Caucasus suggest that processes other than "extrusion", possibly related to old subduction or delamination, contribute to the geodynamics of the region.

The entire coast of Perú was surveyed to document deposits of historical tsunami. Evidence of four tsunami was found. At Puerto Casma, in northern Perú, a graded, heavy mineral-rich layer with shell-and rock fragments was detected. OSL...more

The entire coast of Perú was surveyed to document deposits of historical tsunami. Evidence of four tsunami was found. At Puerto Casma, in northern Perú, a graded, heavy mineral-rich layer with shell-and rock fragments was detected. OSL dating revealed an age of 0.37 AE 0.03 ka (1615e1667 AD). Inverse modelling of tsunami onshore flow parameters indicates a flow depth of w6 m and a flow speed of w8 m/s at a distance of w60 m from the shoreline. For the Chimbote earthquake of 1619 AD, a tsunami was not listed in the historical tsunami catalogues, although it is seen as a predecessor of the 1996 Chimbote earthquake and tsunami. Hence, this study may provide the first evidence of a local tsunami triggered by this event. A graded, shell-rich event layer that contains cobbles with attached marine organisms was found at Vila Vila in southern Perú. This layer was dated to 0.17 AE 0.04 ka (1797e1871 AD) and is most probably the result of the 1868 Arica tsunami. Two additional event layers found in Boca del Río (southern Perú) were dated 2.26 AE 0.37 ka (615 BCe119 AD) and 1.98 AE 0.23 ka (207 BCe255 AD). Thus, the layers record for the first time tsunami much older than the events listed in tsunami catalogues. These two events exhibit similar parameters with flow speeds of 7e8 m/s and depths of 6 m in a distance of 460 m from the present shoreline. The time that passed between the events is similar to the recurrence interval of the two Arica tsunami of 1604 and 1868 AD, hence giving evidence of another prehistoric earthquake and tsunami couplet.

https://publications.dainst.org/journals/aa/article/view/4465 Free Access This paper presents the results of an archaeometric analysis examining bitumen and plastic earthen materials (PEM) samples brought to light at the Ashdod-Yam...more

https://publications.dainst.org/journals/aa/article/view/4465
Free Access
This paper presents the results of an archaeometric analysis examining bitumen and plastic earthen materials (PEM) samples brought to light at the Ashdod-Yam Byzantine church (Israel). The site, active from the late 4 th or early 5th century C.E., shows evident signs of destruction by fire towards the end of the 6th century C.E. This destruction was evident from the large number of shattered roof tiles embedded in a hard, earthen matrix, suspected to be composed of clay and bitumen. Selected samples from this destruction layer underwent examination through pXRF, WD-XRF, ESEM and thin-section petrographic analyses (TSPA). The goal was to determine the composition of the roofing material through cost-effective archaeometric techniques, investigate its microstructures, and discern the manufacturing technologies employed. While clay use in roofs is well-documented in Byzantine-period structures in the region, bitumen application as an intermediate layer between tiles and ceiling has not been previously recorded, thus offering a new insight into construction practices.

Conference Programme: Day 2 – Thursday, May 16, 2024, Session 1 – Immersive Technologies in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage: Konstantinos Merkouris (University of Patras). Marine geo-archaeological mapping using Unmanned Surface Vehicle...more

Conference Programme: Day 2 – Thursday, May 16, 2024, Session 1 – Immersive Technologies in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage: Konstantinos Merkouris (University of Patras). Marine geo-archaeological mapping using Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV). Case study: ancient submerged settlement of Grotta Naxos, Greece.

"The International Congress on Archaeological Sciences in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East (ICAS-EMME) is a leading international conference organised by STARC and the A.G. Leventis Chair in Archaeological Sciences that brings together scientists and archaeologists working in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East. The conference aims to highlight the latest advances in natural, material, and computational science applications to archaeology and cultural heritage in the region, providing an international academic forum for the dissemination of results of current research in these fields."

The bay of Malfatano Cape is the berthing home to one of the most important maritime structures from the Punic-Roman times in the Mediterranean. Two opposing monumental structures have been preserved between À7 and À2 m due to rising sea...more

The bay of Malfatano Cape is the berthing home to one of the most important maritime structures from the Punic-Roman times in the Mediterranean. Two opposing monumental structures have been preserved between À7 and À2 m due to rising sea level. Recent studies have identified the paleo-sea level, relating the eustatic component to the glacio-hydroisostatic deformations. This paper, through stratigraphic, palaeontological, and geochronological data, aims to trace the bay of Capo Malfatano's evolution in relation to the sea level rise during the last 4 kys. Based on data derived from geophysical surveys, paleoshore lines have been redrawn and compared with data derived from coring in the inner part of the creek. Finally, we evaluated the relationship between changes in palaeogeography and human settlements from the Bronze Age. The breakwaters have been surveyed in detail using D-GPS techniques correlated to the geodesic 0 level. Through this data, the shape of the breakwaters has been reconsidered and, consequently, the palaeo sea level has been re-evaluated.

Iraq faces significant challenges in sustainable water resource management, due to intensive agriculture and climate change. Modern irrigation leads to depleted natural springs and abandoned traditional canal systems, creating a nexus...more

Iraq faces significant challenges in sustainable water resource management, due to intensive agriculture and climate change. Modern irrigation leads to depleted natural springs and abandoned traditional canal systems, creating a nexus between climate, water availability, agriculture, and cultural heritage. This work unveils this nexus holistically, from the regional to the local scale, and by considering all the components of the nexus. This is achieved by combining five decades (1974-2024) of satellite data-including declassified HEXAGON KH-9, Copernicus Sentinel-1/2/3, COSMO-SkyMed radar, and PlanetScope's Dove optical imagery-and on-the-ground observations (photographic and drone surveying). The observed landscape changes are categorised as "proxies" to infer the presence of the given land processes that they correlate to. The whole of southern Iraq is afflicted by dust storms and intense evapotranspiration; new areas are desertifying and thus becoming local sources of dust in the southwest of the Euphrates floodplain and close to the boundary with the western desert. The most severe transformations happened around springs between Najaf Sea and Hammar Lake, where centre-pivot and herringbone irrigation systems fed by pumped groundwater have densified. While several instances of runoff and discharge highlight the loss of water in the western side of the study area, ~5 km 2 wide clusters of crops in the eastern side suffer from water scarcity and are abandoned. Here, new industrial activities and modern infrastructure have already damaged tens of archaeological sites. Future monitoring based on the identified proxies could help to assess improvements or deterioration, in light of mitigation measures.

Los geositios son afloramientos representativos desde el punto de vista científico, pedagógico, cultural y turístico que permiten reconocer procesos geológicos que participaron en la evolución de una región. El valle de Tafí es una...more

Los geositios son afloramientos representativos desde el punto de vista científico, pedagógico, cultural y
turístico que permiten reconocer procesos geológicos que participaron en la evolución de una región. El valle
de Tafí es una depresión tectónica emplazada en las sierras pampeanas de Argentina, donde se llevaron a
cabo numerosos estudios, pero no desde la perspectiva del patrimonio geológico y su divulgación científica. El
objetivo fue identificar y analizar los geositios representativos de la geología del valle mediante una metodología
que consistió en estudiar aspectos geológicos del área mediante trabajo de campo e identificación de sitios de
interés, analizados desde diferentes parámetros para llegar a ser considerados geositios. Se obtuvieron diez
geositios que permiten integrar una variedad de litologías y procesos geológicos que se desarrollaron durante
500 millones años y que configuraron el actual paisaje. Se reconocen rasgos que registran procesos magmáticos
y tectónicos que participaron en la conformación de los núcleos serranos y procesos modernos que permiten
analizar el accionar de los agentes geomorfológicos. Se concluye que cada geositio enriquece los conocimientos
geológicos del valle, que estos pueden ser empleados como posibles recursos turísticos y por consiguiente
contribuir a la visibilidad y divulgación de su patrimonio geológico, acrecentando su valor natural.

Tin is a rare metal that is essential for making bronze, the defining technology of the Bronze Age. The source(s) of tin for Aegean bronze is undetermined but several small Bronze Age tin mines have been documented in the circum-Aegean...more

Tin is a rare metal that is essential for making bronze, the defining technology of the Bronze Age. The source(s) of tin for Aegean bronze is undetermined but several small Bronze Age tin mines have been documented in the circum-Aegean region. The discovery of Bronze Age archaeological sites in West Serbia near a tin placer deposit on the flanks of Mt. Cer led to an investigation of this site as a potential additional Bronze Age tin mine in the region. Geochemical prospecting of stream sediments flowing from Mt. Cer allowed for categorization of streams based on relative tin grade. Tin grade is highest in the Milinska River, a likely combination of a broad catchment area with multiple ore-bearing tributaries, and a topographic profile that favors the accumulation of placer deposits. A survey of cornfields along the southern pluton margin discovered archaeological sites spanning the Neolithic to the Iron Age. Unlike older and younger sites, those of the Bronze Age were found only along the Milinska and Cernica Rivers where placer tin grades are highest, but appear to be absent where tin is scarce or absent. This suggests that these sites were associated with the exploitation of the tin ore.

Este artículo presenta la elaboración y ejecución del Diagnóstico territorial y notarial de propiedades y ocupantes de territorios tradicionales caiçara del Área de Protección Ambiental Cairuçu (Paraty-rj), en Brasil. Las familias...more

Este artículo presenta la elaboración y ejecución del Diagnóstico territorial y notarial de propiedades y ocupantes de
territorios tradicionales caiçara del Área de Protección Ambiental Cairuçu (Paraty-rj), en Brasil. Las familias caiçara
residen en estas tierras desde hace cientos de años, y poseen estas tierras sin un título de propiedad que garantice a
la comunidad el derecho irrevocable de permanecer en el lugar para reproducir su forma tradicional de vida frente a
los procesos legales y políticos. El trabajo incluyó la recopilación de registros de la propiedad en una base de datos de
tierras y la realización de un cuestionario aplicado a los residentes. Los resultados se dividieron en tres grandes grupos:
el primero, vinculado a los productos desarrollados específicamente para el estudio a partir de los procedimientos
metodológicos; el segundo, son las rutas sugeridas para la regularización de la tenencia de la tierra en cada caso; y el
tercero, la contribución indirecta para el fortalecimiento de la gobernanza territorial en las comunidades. Se destacan
iniciativas para cumplir con la función socioambiental de los terrenos públicos y el apoyo de los órganos del sistema
de justicia para garantizar la seguridad jurídica de permanencia a las comunidades en las áreas de dominio privado.

After the war, it was demolished and the land returned to farming. Geophysical surveying, exploratory soil borings, detailed topographic mapping, and focused excavation conducted by the Archeological Society of Maryland convincingly and...more

After the war, it was demolished and the land returned to farming. Geophysical surveying, exploratory soil borings, detailed topographic mapping, and focused excavation conducted by the Archeological Society of Maryland convincingly and economically identified the footprint of Fort Hollingsworth. Methodological considerations are here coupled with a discussion of vernacular fortifications and the implications that unconventional fortifications have for their archaeological discovery and recordation.

Multiproxy data collected from the largest inland wetland in Belize, Central America, demonstrate the presence of large-scale pre-Columbian fish-trapping facilities built by Late Archaic hunter-gatherer-fishers, which continued to be used...more

Multiproxy data collected from the largest inland wetland in Belize, Central America, demonstrate the presence of large-scale pre-Columbian fish-trapping facilities built by Late Archaic hunter-gatherer-fishers, which continued to be used by their Maya descendants during Formative times (approximately 2000 BCE to 200 CE). This is the earliest large-scale Archaic fish-trapping facility recorded in ancient Mesoamerica. We suggest that such landscapescale intensification may have been a response to long-term climate disturbance recorded between 2200 and 1900 BCE. Agricultural intensification after 2000 BCE has been credited for supporting the rise of pre-Columbian civilizations in Formative Mesoamerica, but we suggest that some groups relied more heavily on the mass harvesting of aquatic resources. We argue that such early intensification of aquatic food production offered a high value subsistence strategy that was instrumental in the emergence of Formative period sedentarism and the development of complexity among pre-Columbian civilizations like the Maya.

Históricamente, el Ubinas es el volcán más activo del Perú (Thouret et al., 2005). Ubinas es un estratovolcán localizado a ~65 km al Este de la ciudad de Arequipa. Sus periodos eruptivos más recientes, desde el año 2006, han consistido en...more

Históricamente, el Ubinas es el volcán más activo del Perú (Thouret et al., 2005). Ubinas es un estratovolcán localizado a ~65 km al Este de la ciudad de Arequipa. Sus periodos eruptivos más recientes, desde el año 2006, han consistido en una serie de erupciones explosivas vulcanianas y freatomagmáticas (IEV ≤2) que han producido caídas de ceniza y expulsado bombas balísticas, las cuales son de composición andesítica. En este trabajo exploramos el registro prehistórico eruptivo de Ubinas y documentamos los depósitos de caída de tefra sub-plinianas a plinianas sobre este intervalo. Estas unidades varían en composición desde riolita (el depósito pliniano más antiguo y más grande tiene &lt;12 ka) hasta andesita pertenecientes a la serie calcoalcalina altamente potásica, siendo las andesitas los productos eruptivos más recientes, Fig. 1)

El Levante y el Sureste de la Península Ibérica han presentado, de forma tradicional, escasas evidencias de minería prehistórica del cobre en comparación con las numerosas referencias sobre la metalurgia de este metal en los yacimientos...more

El Levante y el Sureste de la Península Ibérica han presentado, de forma tradicional, escasas evidencias de minería prehistórica del cobre en comparación con las numerosas referencias sobre la metalurgia de este metal en los yacimientos arqueológicos. En los últimos años, los nuevos datos aportados por los análisis metalúrgicos y el aumento de los trabajos de arqueominería han cambiado la situación abriendo nuevas perspectivas a la investigación. Estos trabajos han permitido definir con mayor precisión los principales minerales de cobre explotados y la procedencia de los mismos, así como los métodos y herramientas empleados en la minería prehistórica de la zona.

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or...more

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

Effects of metallic bodies depend on the frequencies used in electromagnetic measurement. • Archaeological features in the vicinity of metallic artefacts can be mapped. • An electromagnetic system can be used to detect non-ferrous...more

Effects of metallic bodies depend on the frequencies used in electromagnetic measurement. • Archaeological features in the vicinity of metallic artefacts can be mapped. • An electromagnetic system can be used to detect non-ferrous metallic features.

The detection and characterization of buried cables and metal pipes has become a key component of field surveys carried out prior to excavation work on construction sites. The very high conductivity and magnetic permeability contrast...more

The detection and characterization of buried cables and metal pipes has become a key component of field surveys carried out prior to excavation work on construction sites. The very high conductivity and magnetic permeability contrast between any buried cables/pipes compared with the soil makes electromagnetic induction (EMI) instruments very useful for their detection. We have developed a seminumerical method that can be used to model the responses of this type of target. A straight horizontal conductor is equivalent to a series of magnetic dipoles, the magnitude of which can be determined in the spectral domain and then converted back into the spatial domain through the use of an inverse fast Fourier transform. Simulations and case studies allow to establish rules of thumb for the estimation of (1) the nature of the metal: the in-phase response of magnetic cables is of the opposite sign from the conducting ones, (2) the sensitivity to the target characteristic: the influence of the...

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or...more

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

This paper underscores the importance of investigating soils and sediments in proto-urban to urban archaeological contexts to gain a comprehensive understanding of their genesis and evolution, and their informative role in deciphering...more

This paper underscores the importance of investigating soils and sediments in proto-urban to urban archaeological contexts to gain a comprehensive understanding of their genesis and evolution, and their informative role in deciphering historical human-environment interactions and spatial organisation patterns. We focus on Early to High Mediaeval (6th-14th century CE) anthropogenically modified soils and sediments from Uherské Hradiště (Czech Republic). A study of well-preserved Dark Earths (DEs) uncovered in the Morava River floodplain allowed us to define interactions between people and their environment and to understand landscape evolution of the island area in relation to floodplain dynamics. A multi-proxy approach based on a combination of archaeological evidence, soil micromorphology, and physical, geochemical and palaeobotanical analyses, supplemented with dating methods was used to unravel the processes contributing to DE formation, human activities and the use of space. Initial settlement activities began in Uherské Hradiště at the end of the 7th or beginning of the 8th century CE, with later DEs indicating intensified human impact through craft activities, probably linked to market exchange from the 8th century, and even a possible marketplace underscoring its strategic importance within the broader economic and social networks, partially before and mainly during the Great Moravian period, in the 9th century CE. After a hiatus in the 10th-12th centuries AD, the site saw re-establishment in the 13th century CE, marking the early formation of the urbanisation in Uherské Hradiště. Despite repeated flooding, the settlement in the area was renewed repeatedly. Together with evidence of long-distance trade, this proves the importance of the place located on the commercial waterway of the Morava River. New findings reveal that this settlement could have played a more essential role in the Early Mediaeval era than previously expected.

This paper presents the first characterization of bluish and green beads and mineral debris found in three sites of the Calchaquí Valley, Northwestern Argentina, dated from Late pre-Columbian times (10 to 16th centuries). Complementary...more

This paper presents the first characterization of bluish and green beads and mineral debris found in three sites of the Calchaquí Valley, Northwestern Argentina, dated from Late pre-Columbian times (10 to 16th centuries). Complementary techniques for identifying elemental composition and mineral species (SEM-EDS, X-ray diffraction, Raman Spectroscopy) showed that almost all the beads found in the sites were made of turquoise, while two of them were made of chrysocolla. Regarding the mineral debris, two were identified as turquoise, two as aragonite, and one as atacamite. Except the latter, all of them could have been related to local bead production. The atacamite fragment could have arrived as a residue of the turquoise extraction or intentionally selected for metallurgical purposes. The presence of these minerals suggests the potential strong connection that these sites in the Calchaqui Valley had with neighboring highlands (Puna of Salta and Catamarca) where sources of these ores are located and indicate a prevalent use of beads made of turquoise in the sites of the Calchaquí Valley in the Late and Inka periods.

Westmoreland County Industrial Development Corporation (WCIDC) contracted with GAi Consultants to conduct a Phase IA archaeological study of a 143.3-acre parcel for the proposed Westmoreland Technology Park II project in East Huntingdon...more

Westmoreland County Industrial Development Corporation (WCIDC) contracted with GAi Consultants to conduct a Phase IA archaeological study of a 143.3-acre parcel for the proposed Westmoreland Technology Park II project in East Huntingdon and Hempfield Townships, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania (Figure 1). The project area is located in the northwest corner of the intersection of Technology Drive and SR 3093 (Figure 2). The purpose of this Phase IA study is to conduct background research and ground truth preliminary assessments of archaeological potential based on this research in order to identify those locations within the project area that have a high to moderate potential for archaeological site locations. Those locations will require a Phase IB survey with subsurface testing and, possibly, surface collecting.
In a letter to GAi Consultants, Inc. dated December 8, 2005 (Appendix A), the Pennsylvania Historic and Museum Commission (PHMC) Bureau for Historic Preservation (BHP) indicated that a Phase I archaeological survey was recommended prior to construction. In their letter of December 8, 2005, the PH MC-BHP determined that no evaluation of historic structures was necessary in the project area. (The only structure within the study area was an abandoned structure that was less than 40-years old.) This study followed the Guidelines for Archaeological Investigations of the Pennsylvania Bureau of Historic Preservation (1991 ). The Area of Potential Effect (APE) for archaeological resources is the 143.3-acre project area.
The 143.3-acre parcel included all or part of three hilltops (see Figure 1 ). A large agricultural field was located in the southern portion of the project area. Woods cover much of the remainder of the study area. Background research for this project indicated that no previously recorded sites are present in the project area. Historic map research suggested that there are two areas with a potential for historic archaeological remains within the project area. These maps indicate the presence of a former 19th century house along the eastern edge of the project area; another 19th century house may have once stood just outside of the southern project limits. It appears likely that construction of SR3093 and Technology Drive destroyed any archaeological remains associated with these former structures.
Following background research, GAi's crew chief, Marina Davis, conducted a Phase IA field overview on the 143.3-acre parcel to ground truth preliminary assessments of archaeological potential. Conducted on December 4, 2005, this study assessed slope, surface disturbances, topographic setting and other factors that may affect the archaeological potential across the project area. Steep slopes, wetlands, and disturbed areas were considered to have low to no potential for archaeological sites.
Based on Phase IA findings, GAi recommends that a Phase IB survey in the form of subsurface testing be undertaken within six Areas (Areas B, C, D, G, H, and K) in the 143.3- acre parcel. These six areas, which cover nearly 93 acres, have moderate to high potential for containing intact prehistoric archaeological sites. The remainder of the study area (about 51 acres) consists of wetlands, steep slopes, or disturbed settings with low to no archaeological site potential and no additional archaeological work is recommended in these areas.

La investigación arqueológica de las últimas décadas ha desarrollado importantes aportes para entender la emergencia de sociedades complejas en los ecosistemas de la foresta tropical amazónica, específicamente en la cuenca alta del Upano,...more

La investigación arqueológica de las últimas décadas ha desarrollado importantes aportes para entender la emergencia de sociedades complejas en los ecosistemas de la foresta tropical amazónica, específicamente en la cuenca alta del Upano, -en la alta Amazonía del Ecuador. Una amplia extensión en los piedemontes peri-andinos modificada por la presencia de montículos artificiales, organizados en complejos patrones de asentamiento. Estos procesos constructivos, iniciados hacia el 380 a.C., dan lugar a casi un milenio de ocupación, caracterizados por la presencia de la tradición cerámica Upano. La concentración de montículos, trae consigo las interrogantes sobre los efectos de la ocupación humana en los paisajes amazónicos y la necesidad de incorporar métodos analíticos para la obtención de nueva información. Este trabajo trae el debate de los suelos antrópicos a un estudio de caso en la Amazonía Ecuatoriana, con la aplicación de análisis químicos a muestras de suelo del Basural La Lomi...

A detailed geomorphological map allowed to define the complex relationships between the morphostructural framework and the development of sedimentary units both marine and terrestrial along the Quaternary in the littoral area of the...more

A detailed geomorphological map allowed to define the complex relationships between the morphostructural framework and the development of sedimentary units both marine and terrestrial along the Quaternary in the littoral area of the Alentejo (Portugal). Outcrops along Ribª do Morgadel and River Mira allowed to reconstruct a sequence of up to fourteen staircased marine terraces. In the beach of Pessegueiro Fort, a beach-dune sequence has been attributed to MIS5 in basis of OSL, C and U-series dating, with the beach being located at +0.5m. At Praia da Pegada, another beach deposit located at +2-4 m, has been attributed to MIS5. This chronology postdates previous chronological interpretations Palabras clave: Terrazas marinas, Último Interglaciar, directrices morfoestructurales.

Moon Transportation Authority (MTA) proposes construction of a connector road between Port Vue Road and Rouser Road in Moon Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. The Project Area totals approximately 2.5 ha (6.3 ac), which covers...more

Moon Transportation Authority (MTA) proposes construction of a connector road between Port Vue Road and Rouser Road in Moon Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. The Project Area totals approximately 2.5 ha (6.3 ac), which covers three potential road connector routes for the Rouser Road Connector Project (Project). The Area of Potential Effect (APE) for Phase I cultural resources survey was limited to the proposed 2.5-ha (6.3-ac) Project Area. On behalf of MTA, Rhea Engineers & Consultants, Inc. (Rhea) conducted a Phase I cultural resources survey of the Rouser Road Connector Project (Project) for the Project Engineer, TranSystems between April and June 2018, and August 1, 2018. 
The cultural resources survey included background research, field investigations, analysis, documentation and recordation, and report preparation. No previously recorded resources fell within the Project Area. The Moon Township Historic Preservation Plan (Moon Township Historical Architectural Review Board and T&B Planning, Inc. 2014) lists the Peter Onstott Log House (Huntley House) (Parcel # 697-S-307) as potentially eligible for the National Register of Historic Places as a surviving early nineteenth century house. Deed research conducted under this study determined that it is more likely that the house was occupied by Andrew Onstott.
The architectural and historical survey identified one resource within the Project Area, a nineteenth century log house with later additions, one associated outbuilding, and a developed springhead (Andrew Onstott House, Key # 209731). Based on the deteriorated condition of the Onstott House, modern replacements windows, and surrounding development, Rhea recommends that the Onstott House and outbuilding (Key # 209731) is not eligible for the NRHP under Criterion A (agricultural theme) or Criterion C (architectural design). The house is not associated with an individual of local, state or national importance and is not eligible under NRHP Criterion B. This resource lacks the ability to convey new and important information regarding our understanding of the history of this region (Criterion D). Rhea recommends that this architectural and historical resource is not eligible for listing to the National Register of Historic Places.
As requested by MTA and TranSystem, Rhea submitted a Historic Resource Suvey Form (HRSF) to the Pennsylvania State Historic Preservation (PA SHPO) for the Onstott House property on October 16, 2018, with the recommendation that does not meet eligibility requirements for listing to the National Register. On December 12, 2018, the PA SHPO responded with their concurrence that Andrew Onstott House, Key # 209731, is not eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) due to a lack of integrity and/or significance.

Archaeological field investigations identified two archaeological sites: Onstott Site (36AL0752) and JK Land Holdings Site (Site 36AL0753). Eighty-seven STPs were excavated, of which 43 STPs produced 253 artifacts. The Onstott Site (36AL0752) is a domestic site with maximum dimensions of approximately 100 x 185 m (328 x 607 ft) in the Project Area. This site is associated with the Andrew Onstott House (Key # 209731). The survey produced 206 artifacts with a range of artifact types. Artifact distribution varied from low to high density with the highest density located in STPs excavated near the house and shed. The temporally diagnostic artifacts suggests a nineteenth to twentieth century occupation, which corresponds to the background research. Ground disturbances were identified in proximity to the house additions, driveways, and along the southern study boundary. This domestic site is not associated with a specific event (Criterion A), an individual of local or state importance (Criterion B), or outstanding architectural design or architect (Criterion C). Due to the site’s integrity, quantity and variability of artifacts, and association with a former structure, Rhea concludes that Onstott House Site has a potential to contribute important information on the historic utilization of this area (Criterion D). If the Onstott Site cannot be avoided by proposed construction, Phase II archaeological investigations are recommended to evaluate the site’s eligibility for listing to National Register of Historic Places. 
The JK Land Holdings Site (Site 36AL0753) is a low density artifact scatter measuring approximately 100 x 110 m (328 x 361 ft). This site is located within a woodlot on a hillslope and consists predominately of a surface trash scatter of unknown origins. A former gas/oil well head shown on mid-twentieth century maps was not identified during the survey although an access road to this former gas/oil well is still evident. Archaeological testing in this area produced 47 artifacts. Based in the low density of artifacts recovered from STP excavations, the uncertain origins of the refuse, and predominance of modern material observed during reconnaissance, it is unlikely that this artifact scatter has the potential to provide new information toward our understanding of the history of this region (Criterion D). This refuse scatter is not associated with a specific event (Criterion A), an individual of local or state importance (Criterion B), or outstanding architectural design (Criterion C). Rhea recommends that this archaeological site is not eligible for listing to the NRHP

In 1829, four Egyptian stelae of Twelfth and Eighteenth Dynasty date were found, surprisingly, on Malta. Based on their far-flung findspot, some have suggested that the stelae were locally made by Egyptian colonists who had settled on the...more

In 1829, four Egyptian stelae of Twelfth and Eighteenth Dynasty date were found, surprisingly, on Malta. Based on their far-flung findspot, some have suggested that the stelae were locally made by Egyptian colonists who had settled on the island during the second millennium bc. This contribution argues that the stelae offer no basis for such historical reconstructions. Style, content and petrology demonstrate that all four stelae were made in Egypt and that they originally stood in the necropolis of Abydos in Upper Egypt. Microfossils show that these stelae are made of Egyptian limestones, which are of a different geological age to limestones available on Malta. The examination of polished thin sections of samples from the stelae using scanning electron microscopy suggests that the limestones employed were quarried from four geological formations of different ages in the Nile Valley.

In 1829, four Egyptian stelae of Twelfth and Eighteenth Dynasty date were found, surprisingly, on Malta. Based on their far-flung findspot, some have suggested that the stelae were locally made by Egyptian colonists who had settled on the...more

In 1829, four Egyptian stelae of Twelfth and Eighteenth Dynasty date were found, surprisingly, on Malta. Based on their far-flung findspot, some have suggested that the stelae were locally made by Egyptian colonists who had settled on the island during the second millennium bc. This contribution argues that the stelae offer no basis for such historical reconstructions. Style, content and petrology demonstrate that all four stelae were made in Egypt and that they originally stood in the necropolis of Abydos in Upper Egypt. Microfossils show that these stelae are made of Egyptian limestones, which are of a different geological age to limestones available on Malta. The examination of polished thin sections of samples from the stelae using scanning electron microscopy suggests that the limestones employed were quarried from four geological formations of different ages in the Nile Valley.

La Cuenca de Mexico esta situada a una altura de 2,500 metros y se localiza dentro del Eje Volcanico Transmexicano. Todas las montanas que rodean a la Cuenca son de origen volcanico. En particular 3 erupciones volcanicas importantes de...more

La Cuenca de Mexico esta situada a una altura de 2,500 metros y se localiza dentro del Eje Volcanico Transmexicano. Todas las montanas que rodean a la Cuenca son de origen volcanico. En particular 3 erupciones volcanicas importantes de tipo Pliniano produjeron depositos volcanicos asociados con cenizas volcanicas “marcadoras” en la Cuenca producidas durante la transicion del Pleistoceno Superior – Holoceno Temprano. Estas son: 1) Gran Ceniza Basaltica, producida por la Sierra de Santa Catarina, con una edad de 28,600 anos; 2) Pomez con Andesita producida por el Volcan Popocatepetl hace14,600 anos 3) Pomez Toluca Superior (Tripatita) producida por el Volcan Nevado de Toluca, hace 10,500 anos. Durante este intervalo de tiempo se tienen fechados varios sitios Paleoindios con la presencia tanto de esqueletos humanos embebidos en ceniza volcanica asociada con la Pomez Toluca Superior (Hombre del Metro Balderas), asi como sitios con megafauna asociada con lahares (flujos de lodo volcanico...