Akko region, the Orontes Valley, and Afula, the latter being the only site in which a kiln was found. She also postulates that a further center of production may have been located in the area of Tell Sakka, but the sherds found here have...more

Akko region, the Orontes Valley, and Afula, the latter being the only site in which a kiln was found. She also postulates that a further center of production may have been located in the area of Tell Sakka, but the sherds found here have not been analyzed. Nevertheless, Shammas, who has personally handled many of the vessels found in the northern Levant, notes that, macroscopically, the fabric of the sherds found at Tell Sakka, Tell Debbet-Brekeh, and a number of vessels in the Darʾa Museum, are somewhat similar to each other but differ from vessels found elsewhere. The book is concluded with a complete and detailed catalog of all 318 vessels mentioned in the text, all of which are comprehensively described and illustrated by means of line drawings. Approximately half of them are also presented in color photographs. Overall, this book is a most welcome addition to the growing literature on Tell el-Yahudiyeh ware. It advances and refines some of the ideas postulated in Aston and Bietak's monograph and will surely stand the test of time. It is one the current reviewer would emphatically recommend to anyone captivated by this particular style of pottery and anyone interested in the archaeology of Middle Bronze Age Syria in general. Samar Shammas is to be heartily congratulated for producing such an admirable book, which is not only well-written, but is copiously illustrated throughout.

Pod koniec XVI wieku zobowiązano wszystkich biskupów rzymskokatolickich do regularnego składanie do Rzymu sprawozdań na temat stanu diecezji. Powstałe w ten sposób dokumenty są dziś cennym źródłem. Zawierają wiele ciekawych informacji,...more

Pod koniec XVI wieku zobowiązano wszystkich biskupów rzymskokatolickich do regularnego składanie do Rzymu sprawozdań na temat stanu diecezji. Powstałe w ten sposób dokumenty są dziś cennym źródłem. Zawierają wiele ciekawych informacji, których nie znajdziemy w innych źródłach. Uzupełnieniem tekstu jest przetłumaczona z języka łacińskiego na język polski relacja biskupa Szymona Rudnickiego do Rzymu z 1616 roku. Biskup informował Stolicę Apostolską o funkcjonowaniu korporacji duchownych, sieci parafialnej, podziałach administracyjnych oraz sytuacji gospodarczej i politycznej na terenie podległej jemu diecezji. W sprawozdaniu szeroko opisany została problem zagrożenia katolickiej Warmii przez wyznawców kościoła luterańskiego.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sejarah berdiri dan perkembangan Dinasti Mughal. Selain itu juga untuk mengetahui kemajuan peradaban dan pemikiran hingga kemunduran pada masa Dinasti Mughal. Peradaban Islam periode...more

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sejarah berdiri dan perkembangan Dinasti Mughal. Selain itu juga untuk mengetahui kemajuan peradaban dan pemikiran hingga kemunduran pada masa Dinasti Mughal. Peradaban Islam periode klasik-pertengahan merupakan peradaban yang agung. Saat itu tidak ada peradaban lain yang mampu menandingi kebesarannya. Kejayaan Islam dirasakan di berbagai daerah, salah satunya adalah India. Di India, Islam pernah berjaya terbukti dengan banyaknya dinasti-dinasti Islam yang pernah didirikan di sana, misalnya saja Dinasti Mamluk (1206-1290), Dinasti Khalji (1206-1320 M), Dinasti Tugluq (1320-1413 M), dan beberapa dinasti lain. Namun terdapat dinasti yang paling menonjol di India, yakni Dinasti Mughal. Dinasti Mughal merupakan dinasti Islam yang berkuasa di India pada abad ke-16 hingga abad ke-19. Dinasti ini termasuk dalam tiga dinasti besar (Mughal, Turki Utsmani, dan Safawiyah) yang muncul pada masa pertengahan. Dinasti Mughal memiliki peranan besar dala...

The Hebrew Bible and other ancient Near Eastern texts describe Egyptian, Aramean, Assyrian, and Babylonian military campaigns to the Southern Levant during the 10th to sixth centuries BCE. Indeed, many destruction layers dated to this...more

The Hebrew Bible and other ancient Near Eastern texts describe Egyptian, Aramean, Assyrian, and Babylonian military campaigns to the Southern Levant during the 10th to sixth centuries BCE. Indeed, many destruction layers dated to this period have been unearthed in archaeological excavations. Several of these layers are securely linked to specific campaigns and are widely accepted as chronological anchors. However, the dating of many other destruction layers is often debated, challenging the ability to accurately reconstruct the different military campaigns and raising questions regarding the historicity of the biblical narrative. Here, we present a synchronization of the historically dated chronological anchors and other destruction layers and artifacts using the direction and/or intensity of the ancient geomagnetic field recorded in mud bricks from 20 burnt destruction layers and in two ceramic assemblages. During the period in question, the geomagnetic field in this region was ext...

It seems especially fitting for this occasion, which brings us together to inaugurate the new Museum where the material remains of Ebla are stored, to propose another inauguration of sorts, that of the Ebla Electronic Corpus. As projected...more

It seems especially fitting for this occasion, which brings us together to inaugurate the new Museum where the material remains of Ebla are stored, to propose another inauguration of sorts, that of the Ebla Electronic Corpus. As projected for the near future, this edition will contain four disks, one for each of the four volumes ARET 1-4, a disk of programs, and two User's Manuals. They are part of a series published by Undena under the name Cybemetica Mesopotamica. The purpose of my paper today is to illustrate some of the salient points of this edition. What we are offering is in fact much more than a simple "electronic dump" of the printed edition of the texts. In other words, we have not simply entered the printed data on the computer, as originally published in the editio princeps. Rather, the data have been reworked thoroughly, in such a way that we can speak of a new edition of the texts not only because of the format in which they are distributed (i. e. the electronic medium), but also because of the philological re-elaboration. It is this aspect of the project that I would like especially to illustrate in my talk today. First, however, I wish to remember a few major stages in the history of the project, and to acknowledge thereby individuals and institutions that have contributed to making this event possible. IThis paper is the second in a series of "Studies in Ebla Graphemics," of which the first has appeared in Sludi Eblaiti 5 (1982) 39-74 (also in Russian translation in Drevnia Ebla, Moscow 1985, 114-132). The paper reproduces the substance of the text as delivered at the meeting in Idlib, and deals primarily with matters of data structure and rue format; for the treatment of specific substantive aspects one may refer to the article by J.H.Platt and J.M.Pagan, "Orthography and Onomastics: Computer Applications in Ebla Language Study," published elsewhere in this volume. -For a fuIler presentation of the project, the reader is referred to the two Manuals which are forthcoming in

Four glandes inscriptae from the Iberian Peninsula are presented in this paper. For two of them a connection to the Republican governors C. Flaminius and L. Mummius is proposed, and therefore a date in the 2nd century BC. A third...more

Four glandes inscriptae from the Iberian Peninsula are presented in this paper. For two of them a connection to the Republican governors C. Flaminius and L. Mummius is proposed, and therefore a date in the 2nd century BC. A third slingshot bullet was most likely cast at the beginning of the governorship of the proconsul C. Valerius Flaccus, c. 92/91 BC. On the fourth specimen two names are inscribed, Afranius and Messalla, presumably two military leaders; it is carefully suggested that they could have been active during the Sertorian War. The communis opinio regarding the use of glandes inscriptae on the Iberian Peninsula must be modified: rather than being a phenomenon of the 1st century BC, peculiar to the Sertorian War (82-72 BC) and the confrontation between Caesar and the Pompeian faction (48-45 BC), they can now be traced back as far as the early 2nd century BC.

This volume, number 109 in the prestigious series INCUNABULA GRAECA is published by the Italian National Research Council with the contribution of the Department of History and Cultures of the Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna....more

This volume, number 109 in the prestigious series INCUNABULA GRAECA is published by the Italian National Research Council with the contribution of the Department of History and Cultures of the Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna. It presents a comprehensive study of the archaeological evidence for agricultural storage in the Messara Plain (south-central Crete) during the Bronze Age (late 4th to late 2nd millennium BC). The research examines fifty contexts, of both palatial and non-palatial character, that encompass hundreds of large terracotta containers as well as architectural structures specifically designed for the storage of substantial quantities of foodstuffs. These include the proto-palatial kouloures at Phaistos and several Neopalatial and Mycenaean buildings at Hagia Triada. The analysis also incorporates palaeobotanical data and economic information derived from sealed or inscribed administrative documents written in Cretan Hieroglyphic, Linear A, and Linear B. The central idea that inspired this research is that storage is a meaningful societal and cultural marker for comparing cultures at different times and scales and that provides essential information on the production, distribution, and consumption of agricultural staples. Therefore, rather than relying upon established typologies of storage contexts, such as domestic, community, central or palatial, this volume focuses on the wealth of data on food storage in the Messara Plain to highlight the variety of consumption patterns that can influence and shape storage technology and strategies. The integrated, multidisciplinary approach adopted —combining archaeological, botanical, and textual evidence—offers not only a deeper insight into the economic and social dynamics of the Minoan and Mycenaean world, but also provides a valuable point of comparison with contemporary civilizations across the central and eastern Mediterranean.

This paper aims to explain the history of the development of Islam in Makassar, especially the meaning of the inscriptions at the Katangka Islamic tomb complex. In this case, it will be explained the form and style of the inscription as...more

This paper aims to explain the history of the development of Islam in Makassar, especially the meaning of the inscriptions at the Katangka Islamic tomb complex. In this case, it will be explained the form and style of the inscription as well as its content and meaning to be able to understand how the process of Islamization was in the past in that area. Archaeological and historical studies are the methods used in this research. As a result, the development of Islam in Gowa (Makassar) shows an acculturation between Islam and local culture. This can be seen from the inscriptions found on the tombs using Arabic letters in Arabic and Makassarese (Serang script) and the shape and style of the inscriptions. The contents and meanings include the self-identity and religious spirit of the person being buried. Generally, those buried in the dome are the Makassar aristocracy. This treatment was a combination of pre-Islamic traditions and Islamic influence which placed the king and his family as a social group that received special treatment from the society.

Si l’archéologie a permis de localiser un certain nombre de centres urbains du Maroc antique mentionnés dans les textes anciens, la recherche se poursuit encore aujourd’hui pour trouver d’autres sites encore non localisés. Parmi les...more

Si l’archéologie a permis de localiser un certain nombre de centres urbains du Maroc antique mentionnés dans les textes anciens, la recherche se poursuit encore aujourd’hui pour trouver d’autres sites encore non localisés. Parmi les villes perdues, figure la ville de Babba, qui deviendra plus tard une colonie augustéenne appelée Babba Iulia Campestris. Malgré la diversité des textes anciens [Pline l’Ancien, Ptolémée, Stéphane de Byzance et le Ravennate] et la découverte d’une inscription latine à Thamusida, qui mentionne un duumvir de la colonia Babbensis, ainsi qu’un ensemble de monnaies maurétaniennes portant la légende BBʿT, la divergence des interprétations des chercheurs et leurs réserves quant aux erreurs des textes en matière de distances et de coordonnées, ainsi que l’absence de toute indication topographique dans l’inscription permettant de déterminer la localisation de Babba, ont conduit à de multiples hypothèses sur la localisation de cette cité depuis le XVIe siècle. Cependant, les progrès de la numismatique et le développement des recherches archéologiques pourraient bientôt conduire à résoudre cette question et à lever les incertitudes qui pèsent sur les textes anciens et leur interprétation.

A new geological theory suggests that the Old and New Worlds have drifted apart over time, possibly explaining the separation of the American continent from Europe. This theory, compatible with the existence of Atlantis, proposes that the...more

A new geological theory suggests that the Old and New Worlds have drifted apart over time, possibly explaining the separation of the American continent from Europe. This theory, compatible with the existence of Atlantis, proposes that the distance between the continents was once much narrower, facilitating communication and making the existence of Atlantis more plausible. The theory also aligns with ancient legends of “floating islands” and the Celtic paradise, Tir-nan-Og.

The text explores the possibility of a connection between ancient Egypt and America, suggesting that Egyptian civilization may have influenced American cultures, particularly in Central America. It highlights similarities in color symbolism, mummification practices, and mythologies between the two regions, proposing that these similarities are too strong to be attributed to independent development. The text further suggests that direct contact between Egypt and America could have occurred through Atlantis, a hypothetical lost civilization, rather than through Asia or the Pacific.

Enki, also known as Ea in Akkadian tradition, stands as one of the most significant and multifaceted deities in the Mesopotamian pantheon. Revered as the god of water, wisdom, creation, and magic, Enki's mythological roles, iconography,...more

Enki, also known as Ea in Akkadian tradition, stands as one of the most significant and multifaceted deities in the Mesopotamian pantheon. Revered as the god of water, wisdom, creation, and magic, Enki's mythological roles, iconography, linguistic significance, and astronomical associations reveal the complexity of his character and influence. This paper systematically analyzes Enki's origins, attributes, mythic roles, linguistic functions, and astronomical symbolism, providing a holistic understanding of his religious and cultural importance. The study highlights the evolution of Enki's worship across regions and periods, emphasizing his centrality in Mesopotamian civilization and beyond. Conclusions underscore the enduring legacy of Enki and propose avenues for further scholarly inquiry.

This study, entitled "Orbis Maritimus: Imperial Geography and the Grand Maritime Strategy of Rome", was developed under the auspices of the Italian Society of Military History (SISM), which ensured its publication within its newly...more

This study, entitled "Orbis Maritimus: Imperial Geography and the Grand Maritime Strategy of Rome", was developed under the auspices of the Italian Society of Military History (SISM), which ensured its publication within its newly established "SISM Series" (ACIES Edizioni, Milan 2019; 320 pages) and proudly presented it as one of the Society’s own flagship works. This opinion was publicly expressed by the president of SISM, Professor Virgilio Ilari, during the conference Military History in the Italian University System, held on December 2, 2019, in the Aula Magna of the University of Rome Unitelma Sapienza.
On that occasion, he introduced the forthcoming publication to the attendees as “a volume... soon to be released, which I strongly urge you to purchase,” and added: “It is a book on Roman sea power during the Imperial age and, as you can see even from the cover, the sea routes that are traced show how the Roman Empire was not confined to the Mediterranean. Its vocation was in fact remarkably similar to that of the later British Empire. Just look at those routes reconstructed by Admiral Carro. This is a book that is bound to be a huge success...”
In keeping with this view, Professor Ilari expressed similarly enthusiastic evaluations during the book presentation held by the author at the Naval Officers’ Club "Caio Duilio" in Rome (March 3, 2020). He also expressed his intention to promote a further presentation in one of the most prestigious venues of historical culture in the Eternal City, as well as a series of similar events along the coast of Latium during the summer season. In short, the book seemed set to sail with a strong tailwind in its original Italian edition and, as a result, appeared to have excellent prospects of attracting interest abroad as well — possibly even leading to publication in other languages.
However, at that very time, the COVID-19 pandemic was rapidly spreading, particularly in Italy. Beginning on March 4, 2020 (the day after the first presentation of the book), schools and universities were closed, and so-called “social distancing” became mandatory. Subsequently, increasingly strict restrictions on personal freedom were enacted, effectively confining citizens to their homes. This situation, though slightly alleviated during brief periods, persisted until the summer of 2021, while other coercive measures remained in place until the summer of 2023.
The unforeseen and unprecedented restrictions adopted by the government in response to the pandemic inevitably thwarted the promising promotional plans that had been developed, along with any further effective initiative to publicize the book. Nevertheless, it managed to gain a certain degree of recognition, at least within the small circle of Italian enthusiasts of Roman naval and maritime history. Its dissemination beyond Italy, however, has so far remained out of reach.
This preliminary English draft of the first chapter of "Orbis Maritimus" is therefore now presented with the aim of assessing whether it might arouse interest among scholars in the English-speaking world. In the meantime, unless a publishing proposal for an English edition is received, the translation of the remaining chapters will continue progressively, with the goal of achieving independent publication of the complete English version, hopefully by the end of the year.

For the purposes of this paper, Ancient Egypt will be considered as the time from the earliest inhabitants of the Nile Valley down to the conquest of Egypt by Alexander the Great in 332 B.C.E. From the earliest times, the Egyptians had...more

For the purposes of this paper, Ancient Egypt will be considered as the time from the earliest inhabitants of the Nile Valley down to the conquest of Egypt by Alexander the Great in 332 B.C.E. From the earliest times, the Egyptians had developed a system of land ownership, land measurement, and the mathematics to deal with these measurements. These systems did not, of course, end with the conquest of Alexander, but at that point in history, the intellectual knowledge of Egypt became intertwined with the Hellenistic systems. Because the ruling class was Greek, they could impose many of their mathematical and taxation methods onto Egypt as a whole, though even the Greeks recognized the earlier Egyptian influences on their sciences and mathematics, so the influences went in both directions.

, four women presented to an emergency department after having attempted a nonmedical abortion. All four reported turning to pharmacologically induced abortion because their access to health care was limited by lack of insurance and...more

, four women presented to an emergency department after having attempted a nonmedical abortion. All four reported turning to pharmacologically induced abortion because their access to health care was limited by lack of insurance and resources. These cases serve as a reminder that self-induced abortion remains a significant health problem for women, a problem that emergency physicians as toxicologists should be aware of.

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or...more

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

This article explores the gap between the scholarly literature, which touts a Riurikid dynasty in Rus’ before the sixteenth century, and the primary sources of the time, which seem to be unaware of such a dynasty. The appeals to...more

This article explores the gap between the scholarly literature, which touts a Riurikid dynasty in Rus’ before the sixteenth century, and the primary sources of the time, which seem to be unaware of such a dynasty. The appeals to legitimacy in the primary sources for particular kniazi to rule in a town never resort to claiming descent from Riurik. Instead, such claims are based on whether one’s father ruled in that town. All others are izgoi, that is, outside the line of succession to any particular throne. The chronologies of the Povest’ vremennykh let and the Novgorod I Chronicle that declare Igor’ to be Riurik’s son are faulty and most likely derive from a single source. In the sixteenth century, Rus’ churchmen in an effort to shore up the legitimacy of the Daniilovichi, who should have been considered izgoi according to the Rus’ succession system, to rule in Moscow claimed descent of the Rus’ grand prince from Riurik and beyond him to Prus, a supposed kinsman of Augustus Caesar. ...

Pompeius’s sole consulship in 52 BCE is overshadowed as a turning point by Caesar’s crossing of the Rubicon just three years later. Yet it ended the violence and dysfunction of the fifties and returned Rome to stable government. It also...more

Pompeius’s sole consulship in 52 BCE is overshadowed as a turning point by Caesar’s crossing of the Rubicon just three years later. Yet it ended the violence and dysfunction of the fifties and returned Rome to stable government. It also entrenched Pompeius’s dominant position within and over the Res Publica. During his year in office Pompeius purged Rome’s violent actors through political trials, while he also rendered
other senators much more vulnerable to prosecution and so in need of protection. He created a situation in which he could, if willing, remove anyone from the political community. After his consulship ended, his position as proconsul governing Hispania in absentia and his command of troops within Italy ensured he held military supremacy over Rome and had plans to counter any challenge to his position, on any plane. Competitive Authoritarianism gives historians a useful theoretical tool to understand
the nature of this new regime as neither free state nor autocracy but a new
third thing.

The lex Iulia de civitate granted citizenship to the Latin peoples and allies loyal to Rome, as long as they accepted Roman law. The lex Plautia Papiria was a law dealing with a specific issue, which supplemented the lex Iulia and by...more

The lex Iulia de civitate granted citizenship to the Latin peoples and allies loyal to Rome, as long as they accepted Roman law. The lex Plautia Papiria was a law dealing with a specific issue, which supplemented the lex Iulia and by which citizenship was granted only to adscripti of cities allied to Rome, who were not domiciled in them. From the examination of various clues, the month of the passing of the lex Iulia is identified as December 90 B.C.E., and January 89 B.C.E. as that of the passing of the lex Plautia Papiria.

The lex Iulia de civitate granted citizenship to the Latin peoples and allies loyal to Rome, as long as they accepted Roman law. The lex Plautia Papiria was a law dealing with a specific issue, which supplemented the lex Iulia and by...more

The lex Iulia de civitate granted citizenship to the Latin peoples and allies loyal to Rome, as long as they accepted Roman law. The lex Plautia Papiria was a law dealing with a specific issue, which supplemented the lex Iulia and by which citizenship was granted only to adscripti of cities allied to Rome, who were not domiciled in them. From the examination of various clues, the month of the passing of the lex Iulia is identified as December 90 B.C.E., and January 89 B.C.E. as that of the passing of the lex Plautia Papiria.

GIAMPIERO DALLA ZUANNA (a cura di) Numeri e potere. Statistica e demografia nella cultura italiana fra le due guerre L'Ancora del Mediterraneo, Napoli, 2004 Il volume curato da Giampiero Dalla Zuanna raccoglie gli atti di un seminario...more

GIAMPIERO DALLA ZUANNA (a cura di) Numeri e potere. Statistica e demografia nella cultura italiana fra le due guerre L'Ancora del Mediterraneo, Napoli, 2004 Il volume curato da Giampiero Dalla Zuanna raccoglie gli atti di un seminario tenuto presso il dipartimento di Scienze Statistiche dell'Università di Padova nel maggio 2002, con l'intento di promuovere una riflessione sul rapporto fra lo sviluppo delle discipline statistiche e demografiche e il regime fascista. Lo stimolo principale alla discussione è stato costituito dalle tesi sostenute da Anna Treves circa la stretta dipendenza degli studi sulla natalità, e complessivamente del corpo degli studi accademici del settore statistico e demografico, dall'indirizzo politico natalista del regime, ma anche sulla loro continuità ben oltre la fine del fascismo (Le nascite e la politica nell'Italia del Novecento, Edizioni Universitarie di Lettere, Economia e Diritto, Milano 2002). La nettezza della posizione assunta da Treves ha suscitato l'interesse, fra i cultori delle discipline, non solo a «fare i conti» con la propria storia, ma anche a misurarsi con temi -seppure in parte rimasti sullo sfondo -di ampio respiro e di stretto rapporto con il presente, quali le implicazioni ideologiche dell'attenzione all'«equilibrio naturale» delle popolazioni, fra bassa fecondità e apporti delle migrazioni; o la tendenza a porre l'accento sugli equilibri di aggregazioni collettive e impersonali, a scapito della tutela delle individualità e della loro libertà di scelta; o ancora, la continuità degli indirizzi disciplinari all'interno degli ordinamenti universitari anche attraverso fasi storiche differenti. Il primo motivo di interesse degli interventi raccolti in questo volume è che l'impulso a confrontarsi con la propria storia -e con un momento particolarmente rilevante di essa, quale è venuto a determinarsi durante il fascismo -nasce dall'interno delle discipline oggetto di riflessione, con un esplicito intento di de-ideologizzazione. L'incontro, che così si è realizzato, fra l'approccio proprio di uno storico delle culture, Roberto Maiocchi, e le analisi di due specialisti, Paolo De Sandre per la demografia e Ugo Trivellato per la statistica economica, ha potuto giovarsi di uno sforzo di confronto effettivamente interdisciplinare che ha consentito da un lato la convergenza, a più voci, su un terreno comune, dall'altro l'indicazione di linee di approfondimento, capaci di arricchire il quadro e complicare i fattori di una lettura che potesse mostrare caratteri di unilateralità. Il più ampio terreno di convergenza è stato offerto da Maiocchi, che rielaborando quanto è stato oggetto dei suoi lavori (Scienza italiana e razzismo fascista, La Nuova Italia, Firenze 1999; Gli scienziati del duce, Carocci, Roma 2003), ha focalizzato l'attenzione su tre dei maggiori studiosi del tempo -Corrado Gini, Livio Livi, Marcello Boldrini -e ha sostenuto che «sulle linee fondamentali della politica demografica del fascismo vi fu accordo pieno, generalizzato, convinto» all'interno della disciplina, e che «la politica demografica del regime poté presentarsi come progetto pienamente razionale in quanto ebbe il sostegno più aperto dei maggiori accademici dei fenomeni sociali» (p. 16); e inoltre, pur nelle marcate diversità fra le figure degli studiosi, «gli studi sullo sviluppo demografico fecero circolare temi che confluirono nell'alveo nebuloso del razzismo italico», offrendo «pieno sostegno alla guerra di conquista coloniale del fascismo» (p. 17). Su queste premesse si sono

L'historien de l'Antiquité entretient avec les documents sur lesquels il fonde son travail des rapports d'autant plus complexes que ceux-ci sont plus rares et lacunaires, et qu'il est souvent tenté de tirer de lambeaux d'informations des...more

L'historien de l'Antiquité entretient avec les documents sur lesquels il fonde son travail des rapports d'autant plus complexes que ceux-ci sont plus rares et lacunaires, et qu'il est souvent tenté de tirer de lambeaux d'informations des conclusions disproportionnées. Parmi ces documents, ceux qui ont trait à des données toponomastiques sont peut-être ceux qui ont prêté aux sur-interprétations les plus échevelées, pour des raisons de plusieurs ordres. D'une part, lorsque les informations utiles disponibles conduisent à une impasse, la tentation est grande d'élaborer des constructions aussi subtiles que contestables sur la base d'autres documents moins explicites. Le corpus toponomastique est de ceux-là, et l'historiographie régionale a tendu à le solliciter au-delà du raisonnable. D'autre part, dès que l'on touche au toponyme, plus encore que pour d'autres objets, on agit aux confins des disciplines, et le risque est grand de faire preuve d'une incompétence crasse ou à tout le moins de l'imprudence qu'induit la perte des garde-fous inhérents aux méthodes et aux savoirs disciplinaires. Enfin, le toponyme est tout sauf un objet transparent. Il appelle un traitement méthodologique spécifique et un certain nombre de précautions d'usage. Car la toponomastique est régulièrement sollicitée dans les deux domaines que lui assigne G. Uggeri (Uggeri 2000) : « L'utilisation la plus immédiate que nous en faisons est l'étymologie, qui permet d'avoir une idée de la langue dans laquelle fut conçu un toponyme déterminé, et de sa signification originale (...). L'autre est celle de l'identification du site dans les cas de persistance du toponyme, lorsque l'on retrouve dans un nom moderne la continuation du nom antique, malgré toutes les altérations qu'il peut avoir subies dans le cours des siècles »

This article examines 19 (+2) lead and bronze commercial and coin weights dating to the Hellenistic and Byzantine periods, housed in the collection of the Troy Museum in Çanakkale. Among the commercial weights attributed to the poleis are...more

This article examines 19 (+2) lead and bronze commercial and coin weights dating to the Hellenistic and Byzantine periods, housed in the collection of the Troy Museum in Çanakkale. Among the commercial weights attributed to the poleis are of Abydus (no. 1), Alexandria (no. 2), Assos (nos. 3-5), Lampsacus (no. 6) and Lysimachia (nos. 7-10). Additionally, there is an unattributed tetarton (no. 11) without any ethnic or symbol but a unit mark. In the collection, alongside commercial weights, there are one tristateron (no. 12), three staters (nos. 13-15), and one dekadrakhmon (no. 16), all dating back to the Hellenistic period. Furthermore, three coin weights from the early Byzantine period are included in the catalog: one 1-uncia (no. 17), one 1-nomisma (no. 18), and one semissis (no. 19). At the end of the article, two Lysimachian weights, not present in the museum collection but in the unpublished Sammlung Calvert kept in the museum, have also been included (nos. 20-21).

This document reveals the profound alignment between two pre-Phase Time white papers authored under "The Omnist View" and multiple artifacts recently confirmed within the Vatican Secret Archives. The harmonic coherence of celestial,...more

This document reveals the profound alignment between two pre-Phase Time white papers authored under "The Omnist View" and multiple artifacts recently confirmed within the Vatican Secret Archives. The harmonic coherence of celestial, esoteric, and historical threads traced in the papers foreshadows the full activation of the Phase Time Codex and confirms the existence of ancient knowledge held in secrecy until its sovereign retrieval through QMC resonance methods. The abstract also serves to position this release as a formal response to the OpenAI to Z Challenge, wherein the sovereign decision was made to withhold the geospatial coordinates of the Amazonian artifact due to multidimensional security concerns. In lieu of such disclosure, this document provides clear evidence of harmonic intelligence retrieval capabilities through the Vatican lattice node. These confirmations serve as proof-of-function for QMC psi-encoded archival alignment, transcending conventional archaeology by illuminating ancient frameworks once guarded by ecclesiastical secrecy.

The Romanst houghtt hey were the center of the world. For Roman as well as Greek authors writing about foreign peoples, it became something of al iterary commonplacetodescribe thosewho livedfar away from the periphery of the Empire as...more

The Romanst houghtt hey were the center of the world. For Roman as well as Greek authors writing about foreign peoples, it became something of al iterary commonplacetodescribe thosewho livedfar away from the periphery of the Empire as more primitive than those whod welled closer to it.¹ Impressive physical remains such as Hadrian'sW all in northern England can perhaps give the sentiment thatt here was ac lear demarcation line between the barbaricum,the land whereBarbarians dwelled, and the periphery of the Empire. Indeed, modern maps of the Roman Empire most often depict theterritory controlled by the RomanState in red or another vivid color,whereas the areas outside of the Empire are reduced to vast expanses of nameless land, at best identified by a tribe name (cf. the empiresmap at the beginning of this volume). While such maps certainlyh avet heir use in the classroom, in order to give an idea of thes cope of the Roman Empire, they maygivethe false idea thatitwas surrounded on all sides by boundary markers and fortificationsclearlymarking the limits of the Empire in the same wayt hat am odern state identifies its borders. The topic of the periphery of the RomanE mpire has long fascinatedm odern scholars. They have first been interestedbythe periphery as being primarilyaline of military defenseagainstexternal attacks, especiallywith the use of archaeological evidence in support.This is attested by the 24 Congresses on Roman Frontier Studies held since their creation in 1949.I nt he 1990s,anew approach was proposed by Charles R. Whittaker who sawt he frontiers and the periphery not onlya sm ilitary zones but as areas of sociala nd economic permeability.² This chapter aims at examining the interactions between the periphery and the center of theEmpire. The first partofthis chapter will examine Roman expansion ideology. The second section will looki nto the debate on Roman strategy at the periphery of the Empire. The third segment focuses on the armyw hose presence contributedt oa lter the economies,s ocieties, and physical landscape of the periphery.The fourth partexplores how the city of Rome dependedonthe periph-

Todos os direitos reservados. É permitida a reprodução parcial ou total desta obra, desde que citada a fonte eque não seja para venda ou qualquer fim comercial. O texto é de responsabilidade de seus autores. Asinformações nele contidas,...more

Todos os direitos reservados. É permitida a reprodução parcial ou total desta obra, desde que citada a fonte eque não seja para venda ou qualquer fim comercial. O texto é de responsabilidade de seus autores. Asinformações nele contidas, bem como as opiniões emitidas, não representam pontos de vista da Universidadede Vassouras.

The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that: • a full...more

The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full DRO policy for further details.

The final version of this review will appear in The Archaeological Journal 170 for 2013. A BIOARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY OF MEDIEVAL BURIALS ON THE SITE OF ST MARY SPITAL: EXCAVATIONS AT SPITALFIELDS MARKET, LONDON EI, 1991-2007. By Brian...more

The final version of this review will appear in The Archaeological Journal 170 for 2013. A BIOARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY OF MEDIEVAL BURIALS ON THE SITE OF ST MARY SPITAL: EXCAVATIONS AT SPITALFIELDS MARKET, LONDON EI, 1991-2007. By Brian Connell, Amy Gray Jones, Rebecca Redfern and Don Walker. Pp. xx and 303, Illus 250. Museum of London Archaeology (MoLA Monograph, 60). Price: £28.00. ISBN 978 190758 611 8.

Resinous substances were highly prized in the ancient world for use in ritual contexts. Details gleaned from classical literature indicate that they played a significant role in Roman mortuary rites, in treatment of the body and as...more

Resinous substances were highly prized in the ancient world for use in ritual contexts. Details gleaned from classical literature indicate that they played a significant role in Roman mortuary rites, in treatment of the body and as offerings at the tomb. Outside of Egypt, however, where research has shown that a range of plant exudates were applied as part of the mummification process, resins have rarely been identified in the burial record. This is despite considerable speculation regarding their use across the Roman Empire. Focusing on one region, we investigated organic residues from forty-nine late Roman inhumations from Britain. Using gas chromatographyemass spectrometry and the well-attested biomarker approach, terpenic compounds were characterized in fourteen of the burials analysed. These results provided direct chemical evidence for the presence of exudates from three different plant families: coniferous Pinaceae resins, Mediterranean Pistacia spp. resins (mastic/terebinth) and exotic Boswellia spp. gum-resins (frankincense/olibanum) from southern Arabia or beyond. The individuals accorded this rite had all been interred with a package of procedures more elaborate than the norm. These findings illuminate the multiplicity of roles played by resinous substances in Roman mortuary practices in acting to disguise the odour of decomposition, aiding temporary soft-tissue preservation and signifying the social status of the deceased. Nevertheless, it was their ritual function in facilitating the transition to the next world that necessitated transportation to the most remote outpost of the late Roman Empire, Britain.

O Império Britânico, durante o período vitoriano (1837-1901), investiu intensamente na formação de sua identidade nacional e na disseminação de valores morais tanto na população local como na população de suas colônias. Para concretizar...more

O Império Britânico, durante o período vitoriano (1837-1901), investiu intensamente na formação de sua identidade nacional e na disseminação de valores morais tanto na população local como na população de suas colônias. Para concretizar esse objetivo, os britânicos utilizaram, entre outros recursos, a imagem de Boudica, rainha da tribo dos Iceni que liderou uma revolta dos bretões contra os romanos no século I d.C. As interpretações sobre a imagem da rainha guerreira foram expressas em obras literárias, acadêmicas, visuais, produzidas por autores cuja maioria se baseou em fontes clássicas romanas que citam Boudica. As fontes clássicas e modernas informam não apenas sobre as visões e os usos da imagem dessa personagem histórica, mas também expõem a presença de tradições e discursos de poder, origem, sexualidade e gênero. A análise dessas fontes e dos seus respectivos contextos de produção contribui para identificar qual era a visão que os antigos romanos e os britânicos tinham a resp...

The establishment ofthe Pauingassi Trading Post in 1969 represents a unique collaboration between a Mennonite and Aboriginal community. In 1955 the tiny community of Pauingassi, Manitoba, was launched into anew spiritual, cultural and...more

The establishment ofthe Pauingassi Trading Post in 1969 represents a unique collaboration between a Mennonite and Aboriginal community. In 1955 the tiny community of Pauingassi, Manitoba, was launched into anew spiritual, cultural and economic era when Pauingassi elder Waanachensh (Alex Owen Sr.) invited a missionary to the community. Twelve years afterthis initial invitation to Mennonite missionary Henry Neufeld, the community again aligned themselves with anon-profit Mennonite business ~r~mization, Christian Investors in Education, and requested the formation ofa local store. In cooperation with Henry Neufeld and Christian Investors in Education, Pauingassi residents embraced the trading post in their community. Confronted with a rapidly changing world, the people of Pauingassi actively sought anon-profit community store, adistinct alternative to the Hudson's Bay Company and its rival independent trading posts in the region. The study ofthe events surrounding the creation ofthe Pauingassi Trading Post belongs to a broader emerg-ing historiography which emphasizes indigenous agency. Due to the wealth of unpublished material on the Pauingassi Trading Post, this paper will focus primarily on the dynamics present in the creation oftlie store and its first decade of operation.

Circle of Stone: Religion of the Dead — Newgrange Decoded is not theory. It is evidence. This work decodes the hidden language of the dead carved into stone across continents — and breaks open the long-standing mystery of Newgrange. The...more

Circle of Stone: Religion of the Dead — Newgrange Decoded is not theory. It is evidence. This work decodes the hidden language of the dead carved into stone across continents — and breaks open the long-standing mystery of Newgrange. The kerbstones are not abstract art or meaningless spirals. They are messages. This paper presents the first known decoding of Kerbstone Eochair, proving that early humans carved memory, grief, and identity in a symbolic system as deliberate as any written language.

Forget gods and skywatchers — the first religion wasn’t born of myth. It was born of mourning. From Ireland to India, Africa to the Andes, the same shapes appear: circles, spirals, grief cups. These were not decorations. They were sacred tools of remembrance. This book uncovers the global pattern, traces its path through prehistoric migration, and names what others have missed: the world’s first religion was built in stone, carved by the grieving, and left for us to read.

This is not an interpretation — it is a revelation.

In this paper, we analyze Early Neolithic (6200–5300 calBC) Starčevo culture anthropomorphic clay figurines from the Central and Northern Balkan. Our aim is to explore whether figurines were used to represent pregnancy and fertility. We...more

In this paper, we analyze Early Neolithic (6200–5300 calBC) Starčevo culture anthropomorphic clay figurines from the Central and Northern Balkan. Our aim is to explore whether figurines were used to represent pregnancy and fertility. We recorded bodily attributes related to pregnancy and birth of the 159 Starčevo culture figurines such the presence of pronounced belly, as well as the presence of primary and secondary sexual characteristics. The results of our analysis show that pregnancy was not unambiguously represented in the Early Neolithic Starčevo figurines, therefore hypotheses about connections between the making of figurines and fertility have no apparent empirical basis