List of figures xi List of maps xiii List of dynastic tables xiv List of boxes xv List of contributors xvii Notes on transliteration and dates xxiv Introduction: Languages, academic traditions and disciplinary backgrounds in the study of al-Andalus 1 Maribel Fierro PART I Rulers 7 1 The Iberian Peninsula before the Muslim conquest 9 Iñaki Martín Viso 2 The conquerors and the formation of al-Andalus 18 Jesús Lorenzo Jiménez 3 Centralization and consolidation: the Cordoban Umayyads and the Amirids 37 Xavier Ballestín vii Contents 4 Replication and fragmentation: the Taifa kingdoms Alejandro García-Sanjuán

Arts, 2023

In this paper, we show a synthesis of the recovered information in the most recent archaeological interventions of the occupied space by the architectural complex where the Omayyad seat of power and the following leaders of Córdoba were installed. As the most relevant aspects, we show the persistent continuity of the reoccupation and appropriation of the precedent buildings, the tight correlation with the Aljama Mosque, and the architectonic entity of the documented structures.

International Journal of History and Cultural Studies

This research deals with the Islamic cultural heritage in al-Andalus and its significance for Spanish history and identity. It attempts to answer the question relating to the significance of Islamic legacies for the construction of Spanish history and identity. This research is a historical analysis of historical sources or data regarding the problem related to the place and contribution of al-Andalus' or Islamic cultural legacies in its various dimensions. Source-materials of this research are particularly written primary and secondary sources. The interpretation of data employs the perspective of continuity and change, and continuity and discontinuity, in addition to Foucault's power/knowledge relation. This research reveals thatal-Andalus was not merely a geographical entity, but essentially a complex of literary, philosophical and architectural construction. The lagacies of al-Andalus are seen as having a great significance for the reconstruction of Spanish history and the formation of Spanish identity, despite intense debates taking place among different scholar/historians. From Foucauldian perspective, the break between those who advocate and those who challenge the idea of convivencia in social, religious, cultural and literary spheres is to a large extent determined by power/knowledge relation. The Castrian and Albornozan different interpretations of the Spanish history and identity reflect their relations to power and their attitude to contemporary political situation that determine the production of historical knowledge.

The Journal of North African Studies, 2020

Imago temporis: medium Aevum, 2024

The ideology of the reconquest pursued a clear objective: the recovery of a nation illegitimately occupied by Muslim invaders and the restoration of Christianity in Peninsular territory. This process necessarily entailed the submission, if not the expulsion, of al-Andalus’s Muslim population, as well as the erasure of any sign of its presence, culture or religion. The Christians demonstrated great efficacy in this operation through a series of different actions leading, first of all, to the effective control over the territory and its fortresses, places of worship, and spiritual landmarks. Then by resignification through different symbolic and religious elements. And, finally, developing an alternative collective memory, one that would justify their actions, sustain the new and victorious Christian society and subdue the vanquished Muslims.

Journal of Islamic manuscripts, 2015

Since the beginning of the 8th century when the Arabs first settled in the Iberian Peninsula, up until the end of 15th century, Christians, Jews and Muslims exchanged information and cultural influences within the domains of al-Andalus. During this time, there was a dramatic increase in books produced with unique features. When the

2019

The purpose of this thesis work is to investigate the cultural legacy of the al-Andalus period and its reception in contemporary Spain. To fulfill the research objective set, it was necessary to answer the following questions: How important is this period in the history of Spain? How much of its influence can be noticed today? How much historical and cultural knowledge do the Spanish have on this subject? The answers to these questions result from the analysis of an extensive source database and the realization of a series of semi-structured interviews with Spaniards, which were necessary to understand and develop the subject. The work is divided into three sections: the first describes the history of al-Andalus and some additional aspects of interest, such as the etymology and the idea of the myth of al-Andalus. In the next section, the topic of the Muslim legacy remained on the Iberian Peninsula is developed. It describes cities important during the Muslim rule, their architecture and well-known monuments, as well as visible influence in the following areas: language, music, literature and cuisine. The last part focuses more on practical aspects: it is based on interviews with Spaniards and it analyzes their attitude towards all the issues raised in the theoretical parts. The greatest number of conclusions can be derived from the research described in empirical chapter. According to the collected information, the Arab legacy in Spain is extensive and rooted in Spanish culture for so long that without its presence, Spain, as we know today, would not be the same. It may seem that more than 800 years (8th – 15th) of developing the Arab culture in Spain has still been very much alive, because this cultural legacy continues to be extremely impactful in areas such as: tourism, economy and social coexistence of different groups (convivencia).

An Economic History of the Iberian Peninsula, 700–2000, 2024

Maria Helena COELHO; Francisco FRANCO-SÁNCHEZ; Jesús Ángel SOLÓRZANO TELECHEA & Hermínia VASCONCELOS VILAR: «The Polity 1000–1500». In Pedro Lains, Leonor Freire Costa, Regina Grafe, Alfonso Herranz-Loncán, David Igual-Luis, Vicente Pinilla & Hermínia Vasconcelos Vilar (eds.): An Economic History of the Iberian Peninsula, 700–2000. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2024, pp. 102-129 (general bibliography, pp. 679-766). | ISBN: 978-1-108-48832-7 / Online 978-1-108-77021-7 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108770217 | DOI del artículo: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108770217.006 | http://hdl.handle.net/10045/148801 |

Maddalena Betti, Francesco Borri, Stefano Gasparri (edited by), Carolingian Frontiers: Italy and Beyond, Firenze: Firenze University Press, 2024, pp. 61-77, 2024

The Islamic conquest of the kingdom of Toledo brought about the disappearance of central authoritycin certain regions of the Iberian Peninsula. This is what happened on the Duero Plateau, which, between the eighth century and the mid-ninth century, was an area bereft of any type of complex political structure. The paper provides an analysis of certain elements of political organization during that period, defined by fragmentation and the existence of numerous small sixed territories that were associated with the management of common lands. It was in an area on the fringes of Asturians and Andalusians that a blurred frontier was drawn, where some influences of al-Andalus can be identified. After the second half of the ninth century, the kingdom of the Asturias spread across these territories at the same time as the county of Castile became consolidated. This increase in complexity created formerly non-existent struggles against the Muslims, and gave rise to a new frontier, although the areas south of the Duero generally remained outside the scope of Asturian, Castilian and Andalusian authority.

Wiley Companion to Renaissance Architecture, 2017

Co-authored with Juan Carlos Ruiz Souza

Journal of Medieval Iberian Studies, 2019

This essay juxtaposes two recent efforts to demythologize the history of the origins of al-Andalus. Alejandro García Sanjuán has called into question the continued usefulness of reconquista as a historical model, while Emilio González Ferrín has gone further, challenging the very notion of an "Islamic conquest," which he regards as another misleading holdover from the past. Considering these two approaches side by side allows for a deeper appreciation of the challenges of demythologization in relation to the study of medieval Spanish history.

This article sets forth a highly schematic synthesis of current knowledge on the history of the eastern regions of Al-Andalus, particularly Tortosa, Valencia and the Balearic Islands, before they were conquered by the Crown of Aragon between the 12th and 13th centuries. After presenting the informational records on this region, we shall describe the main features in the construction of a society and a political order grounded on Arab-Berber immigrants and the creation of a new agrarian ecosystem. Finally, we shall offer observations of the nature of the legal power and the forms in which authority was exercised.

Al-ʿUsur al-Wusta, 2021

From Al-Andalus to the Americas (13th-17th Centuries), 2018

Fees are subject to change. This book is printed on acid-free paper and produced in a sustainable manner. Contents List of Figures and Tables ix List of Contributors xi One Conquest, Two Worlds: An Introduction 1 Félix Retamero and Josep Torró part 1 The Organisation of the Conquests: Political, Military and Financial Aspects 1 Partners-in-Arms. Medieval Military Associations: From the Iberian cabalgada to the American entrada 19 Josep Torró 2 Council and Urban Militias in the Crown of Aragon during the 13th Century: From Conquering Militias to Monetary Exemptions 78 Enric Guinot 3 War and Booty as Incentives for Emigration: Tortosa and al-Andalus (12th-13th Centuries) 103 Antoni Virgili 4 Medieval Factors in the Conquest of America: Organisation and War Practices in the Incursions into Darién 130 Carmen Mena García 5 On the Use of Terror, Cruelty and Violence in the Spanish Conquest of the Americas: Some Thoughts 163 Antonio Espino-López vi Contents part 2 The Agrarian Organisation of the New Colonial Societies 6 Feudal Conquest and Colonisation: An Archaeological Insight into the Transformation of Andalusi Irrigated Spaces in the Balearic Islands 191 Helena Kirchner 7 The Agrarian Model of Valencian Moriscos 228 Manuel Ardit Lucas † 8 Iberian Colonisations and Water Distribution Systems (15th-16th c.): A Comparative Approach 259 Félix Retamero and Virgilio Martínez-Enamorado 9 Commercial Crop or Plantation System? Sugar Cane Production from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic 301 Adela Fábregas García 10 Early Colonial Utilization and Management in Peru 332 Inge Schjellerup part 3 The Political Organisation of the New Colonial Societies. The Management of the Conquered Populations and Lands 11 Servants, Slaves or Subjects? Jews, Muslims and Indians as Royal Property 359 David Abulafia 12 The Kingdom of Granada: Between the Culmination of a Process and the Beginning of a New Age 383 Antonio Malpica vii Contents 13 Portugal, Morocco and Guinea: Reconfiguration of the North Atlantic at the End of the Middle Ages 401 António de Almeida Mendes 14 The Peculiarity of the Spanish Empire: A Comparative Interpretation 429 Josep M. Fradera Index 449 x List of Figures and Tables 7.8 Morisco property structure in Valldigna (1599-1600) (in percentages) 242 7.9 Property structure of land in the lower valley of the Segura River (1609) (in percentages) 243 7.10 Property structure in Morisco lands around Nules (Castellón), before and after the expulsion (in percentages) 244 7.11 Morisco property distribution in Elche (1600-1609) (in percentages) 245 7.12 Property structure in Asprelles (1600-1609) (in percentages) 246 9.1 Value and volume of sugar production in Nasrid Granada 308

Journal of Medieval Iberian Studies, 2019

This essay takes up the subject of the conquest of al-Andalus as a conceptually originative act in a discussion of group identity and memory. The focus is not on Umayyad rule and memory, except in so far as Umayyad rule structured the historical perspectives of Andalusi writers, but on Andalusi Mālikī jurists and their social memory. The way Andalusi Mālikī jurists represented their community, its origins, and their relation to the past changed and varied over the period of the rise and fall of Umayyad rule in Iberia and the establishment of Almoravid rule, as their own structures of power developed with the systematization of legal learning and practice. The essay demonstrates these developments through analysis of biographical texts written by jurists in the ninth, tenth, and twelfth centuries and suggests how the conquest of al-Andalus, real and imagined, fits into a history of Mālikī community, "textual polity," and "empire." ARTICLE HISTORY

Differences between Berber and Arab groups in the Conquest of Al Andalus, 8th century Translated from: Diferencias entre grupos bereberes y arabes en la Conquista de al Andalus siglo VIII, 2023

The purpose of the present investigation is to enlighten a conjunctural moment in the history of the Iberian Peninsula/ al-Andalus: the Muslim conquest by arab-berber groups in 711. In the scope of this study, differentiating the berber element from the arab element will be sought, understanding that this delimitation is fundamental to a satisfactory interpretation of the development of the events unleashed with this invasion and the observable processes within the first decades of the conquest. With that in mind the performance of specific but key figures, already considered classic, found in contemporary historic sources as well as in later ones, along with what historiographic interpretations tell about them will be analyzed. It will also be analyzed the conditions in wich the first steps of the so-called Reconquista where given, the importance of the Arab-Berber groups inner conflicts that determine weekness moments in the recently conquered territories allowing spaces fit to territorial recovery incursions given in the analyzed period. In order to attain this aim previous and recent investigations as long as classic historiographical texts are drawn to interpret this history, which is not only about the actual Spain and includes conjunctural moments of the French and the North African history as well. Anthropologic approaches will be used to provide an interdisciplinary frame to the present investigation. Key words: al-Andalus, conquest, arabs, berbers, Tarif, Tariq, Musa, clan, State, Reconquest

Bulletin for Spanish and Portuguese Historical Studies, 2019

Comparative Literature Studies, 2008

Revista de Estudios Hispánicos, 2021

The battle of Las Navas de Tolosa occurred in the context of a major transformation of the Iberian Peninsula and the Maghrib. This article foregrounds the urban transformation of the Far Maghrib, with the emergence of large-scale state formation, and argues that the displacement of Muslim political and military power from the peninsula to the Far Maghrib was a key reason for the marginalization and territorial decline of al-Andalus during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Viewed in this context, the loss at Las Navas de Tolosa was but one of the results of larger socio-historical processes. These included the intensification of commercial contacts – across the Sahara, the Strait of Gibraltar, and the Christian– Muslim frontier – the militarization and solidification of the frontier in the social imagination of Muslim and Christian societies, and the appearance of new popular religious movements.

Cultural symbiosis in Al-Andalus. A metaphor peace, 2004

FRANCO-SÁNCHEZ, Francisco. “Geographical and historical framework: the Iberian Peninsula under Muslim Government 8th-15th centuries”. In: Sanaa Osseiran (ed.). Cultural symbiosis in Al-Andalus. A metaphor peace. Beirut: UNESCO, Regional Office for Education in the Arab States, 2004. ISBN 92-990012-4-3, pp. 37-54 | Download: http://hdl.handle.net/10045/33038

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