This is an preliminary English translation of the AM 736 I qv, containing geographical and astronomical texts (only two leaves are left of it today). The translation was prepared for the exhibition LUX at the Slottsfjellmuseet in Tønsberg, Norway, where the manuscript had a prominent part. It should, however, be considered as a draft rather than an authoritative translation (there are some tricky passages here). Those interested in astronomy in medieval Iceland (and Scandinavia) should consult the works of Christian Etheridge. Also relevant for the background of the ms. are the books of Dale Kedwards "Mappae Mundi of Medieval Iceland" (D.S. Brewer, 2020), and Aavitsland and Bonde (eds.), "Tracing the Jerusalem Code, Vol. 1: The Holy City Christian Cultures in Medieval Scandinavia" (de Gruyter, 2020)Images of the manuscript can be found at handrit.ishttps://handrit.is/en/manuscript/view/da/AM04-0736-I

2020

This is a handout I wrote for my students in the graduate course "Medieval Icelandic Manuscripts" at the University of Iceland. It is intended as an aiding tool for individual study and , as such, it will hopefully be also useful for scholars who need to work with original texts, but are not experts in linguistics or paleography. Feedback is most welcome! Please let me know if you have any suggestions for improvement, corrections, additions etc.

North was established in 2011 as an annual international and interdisciplinary forum for graduate students of Old Norse and broadly defined Medieval Scandinavia including but not limited to Archaeology, History, (Comparative) Literature, Old Nordic Religion, Linguistics, Editing and Digitisation, Codicology, Manuscript Transmission, Gender and Queer Studies, Ludology, and Modern Reception Studies. The conference is organised by Early Career Researchers and postgraduate students and at the University of Iceland. In recent years, the Háskóli Íslands Student Conference on the Medieval North has become a successful event with a steadily growing number of attendees. As the conference was held for the tenth time from April 15-17, 2021, we were delighted to expand the conference to a three-day online event on Zoom and Twitch and to introduce several new initiatives including a virtual exhibition of 14 posters, two keynote lectures, a manuscript showcase and a workshop on bookmaking and illuminated manuscripts. The conference comprised papers and posters from 51 graduate students and Early Career Researchers affiliated with 29 universities and institutions in 15 countries. These proceedings compile selected abstracts from the event in a more easily accessible format. The papers and posters at the conference showed a variety of novel research in the field of Medieval Norse Studies. Among the wide range of diverse, interdisciplinary topics, an encompassing question became evident: How do our interactions with the past shape the present and the future of research and us as researchers? Three key themes emerged: First, a significant number of papers engaged with the layers that comprise cultural identity, in particular, how it is created, how it impacts the relationship between individuals and communities, and what we can learn from it. Some speakers considered the internal and external perception of Old Norse culture, people and language, most notably regarding ability and disability, supernatural entities, and other marginalised groups. Some speakers focused on abstract concepts, for instance, dreams, performance, memory, and emotions, while others explored the changing image of Old Norse concepts in postmodern literature, media, and games. Second, several papers demonstrated instances of exciting technologies, such as LiDAR DEMs, 3D models, databases and mapping tools that can be useful contributions to our understanding of the Old Norse world. This trend underlines the increasing importance of Digital Humanities. Third, particularly the two keynote lectures and concluding conference reception presented strategies for Early Career Researchers to discuss how we can benefit from the knowledge and understanding of the Medieval North, and how to use it to develop our professional careers and build networks. Both keynote speakers, Dr Beeke Stegmann and Dr Luke John Murphy gave significant insights into the different possible pathways of academic careers by sharing their personal journeys with the audience. The organising committee would like to thank all participants of the 10th Háskóli Íslands Student Conference on the Medieval North. We would also like to thank the sponsors of the conference for their generous support, particularly Enkon A/S, Reykjavík UNESCO City of Literature, and Rimmugýgur, and we are grateful for the following institutions and universities which have been providing facilities, viii refreshments, and other resources for many years: The University of Iceland Centre for Medieval Studies (Miðaldastofan), the Centre for Research in the Humanities (Hugvísindastofnun), and the Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies. In addition, we extend our gratitude to a number of individuals without whom the 10th Háskóli Íslands Student Conference on the Medieval North would not have been possible: We thank Haraldur Bernharðsson (University of Iceland) for his continued support and advice throughout the process of planning and holding the conference as well as his assistance with this e-book. We are grateful for Guðvarður Már Gunnlaugsson and Vasarė Rastonis (Stofnun Árna Magnússonar í íslenskum fraeðum) for allowing us to showcase three manuscripts in the Arnamagnaean collection, GKS 2365 4to, AM 350 fol., and AM 132 fol. We also appreciate the work of Liv Marit Mathilde Aurdal (Snorrastofa) and Beth Rogers (University of Iceland) and thank them for their involvement with the initial planning of the conference. Lastly, we would like to express our sincere gratitude to Beeke Stegmann and Luke John Murphy who not only organised the first Háskóli Íslands Student Conference on the Medieval North, but also significantly enriched the anniversary conference in April 2021 with their insightful keynotes on strategies, opportunities, and overcoming challenges in Early Research Careers. The 11th Háskóli Íslands Student Conference on the Medieval North will take place online and at the

Gripla 24 (2013): 45-75.

Viking and Medieval Scandinavia (Brepols Publishers), 2016

This article is concerned with a number of historiated initials that introduce one specific chapter of the widerly copied Icelandic law code Jónsbók, the so-called Þjófabálkr. The overall aim is to show that the content of a single historiated initial in a widely copied and illuminated vernacular law text is more subject to change than the text itself, while still being partly dependent on the relation of the individual text to other texts. The minimal work and content changes to be found in the text generally relate to the content of the painted image. Accordingly, the first part of this article will give a brief overview and introduction to the these visual motifs and an investigation of the various text-image relations. In the second part of this article, the initials are compared with a historiated initial from an early fourteenth-century East Anglian canon law manuscript, followed by a discussion of the historical circumstances for the establishment and creation of the different initials.

The Journal of English and Germanic Philology, 2015

Shippey is particularly good on style (pp. 250-54), but his literary common touch is felt throughout. Minor slip-ups include placement of "the Carpathian Mountains beyond the black Sea" (p. 245)-unless viewed from China-and the confusion of the first Guðrún poem with Guðrúnarkviða in forna (p. 246). tolkien's idiosyncratic use of the term kviðuháttr for fornyrðislag deserves a word of explanation (p. 250). Joseph Harris Harvard University the Uppsala Edda. DG 11 4to. by Snorri Sturluson. Edited with introduction and notes by Heimir Pálsson. translated by Anthony Faulkes. London: Viking Society for Northern Research, 2012. Pp. 327. £12.

Opuscula, 2018

A significant number of Icelandic sermons survive in manuscript fragments from the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, but relatively few of these have been the objects of serious study. The present article is an edition and analysis of one such sermon, now found in two fragments — AM 687 c 1 4to (two bifolia) and AM 667 XVII 4to (one bifolium) — which originally belonged to the same early sixteenth-century manuscript. The text, probably intended for the feast of the Annunciation (25 March), is divided into three sections by its author: (1) a retelling of the Annunciation episode and Christ’s conception, (2) a discussion of the motif of the Seven Last Words of Christ, and (3) an exemplum. Part of the first section and all of the second survive, while most of the third has been lost to a lacuna. The major source of the surviving part of the sermon is the Vita Christi by the fourteenth-century Carthusian Ludolf of Saxony, although the author makes frequent and sometimes significant digressions. The content of some of these digressions and the language of the text, which is notable for its high proportion of loanwords from Middle Low German, suggest that the sermon could not have been composed much earlier its surviving copy (that is to say, earlier than 1500). A probable terminus ad quem for the text is ca. 1540, after which time the diocese of Skálholt (where the text was likely copied) became Lutheran.

Comitatus, 2018

This review assesses the book "Mirrors of Virtue: Manuscript and Print in Late Pre-Modern Iceland, ed. Margrét Eggertsdóttir and Matthew James Driscoll (Museum Tusculanum Press 2017)," situating the text in current conversations in the field of Northern Archipelagic Studies and manuscript studies.

One of the most detailed descriptions of Jerusalem in a Scandinavian source from the Middle Ages is the text Leiðarvísir. This is the oldest Scandinavian pilgrimage itinerary, a travel guide book that describes the route from Iceland, to Norway, further to Rome, and all the way to Jerusalem. It was written by Abbot Nikulás Bergsson, the first appointed abbot at the monastery Munkaþverá in the north of Iceland. Around 1150 he himself travelled to Jerusalem and described his travels in Leiðarvísir, which was written around 1155, only a few years before his death in 1159 or 1160. The oldest preserved version of the text appears in the Icelandic manuscript AM 194 8vo, from 1387. Leiðarvísir is preserved in several other medieval fragments, which means that the text was copied and read in various medieval contexts, possibly due to its significance and relevance. 1 In the following, I will present Leiðarvísir in its 1150-and 1387-contexts, give a brief account of the topics discussed in recent scholarship on the text, and thereafter investigate whether the travel described in Leiðarvísir could have been understood allegorically by reading other contemporary stories thematizing physical and spiritual travels. Jerusalem, World History, and Norse Legends and Mythology It is said that it takes seven days to sail around Iceland, with favorable winds, which change as it is necessary, as one cannot use the same wind all the way. It is supposed to be the same distance between Iceland and Norway. 2

Culture and Cosmos Volume 16 no. 1 and 2

Sainthood, Scriptoria, and Secular Erudition in Medieval and Early Modern Scandinavia: Essays in Honor of Kirsten Wolf, 2022

In the following study, I investigate the provenance and circulation of Reykjavík, Stofnun Árna Magnússonar í íslenskum fræðum, AM 624 4to (c. 1500), a voluminous composite miscellaneous manuscript in small quarto format transmitting mostly Old Norse-Icelandic translations of Latin theological, catechetical, homiletical, and computistic literature, along with numerous edifying short tales adapted from Middle English, and fewer original texts composed in the vernacular. Despite its late date of production, the codex bears an enormous historical and literary value within the corpus of Old Norse-Icelandic literature by virtue of its inclusion of some of the most rare and sophisticated devotional texts of the Old Norse-Icelandic corpus. The reason is threefold: AM 624 4to is often the sole surviving witness transmitting its texts (Items 1; 5; 7–8; 13; 15; 19; 27; and 32–33); in several cases it is the oldest extant witness within a given textual tradition (Items 9–11; 14; and 22); in three instances it shares significantly old texts with manuscript material that dates to around 1200 or earlier (Items 6; 10; and 31). In light of new manuscript evidence, I intend to complement previous studies on the codex by presenting a fresh assessment of its codicological composition and paleographic features, producing a more informative analysis of its provenance and circulation, and providing a first exhaustive catalogue of its items. Particular attention is payed to the idiosyncrasies of the first codicological unit (pp. 1–14), which has hitherto received virtually no scholarly attention.

2019

The intention of this thesis is to study two manuscripts, AM 640 4to and AM 621 4to, and three diplomas, JS Dipl. 4, AM Dipl. Isl. Fasc. XVII, 3, and AM Dipl. Isl. Fasc. XXI, 25 and attempt to answer two primary questions: 1.) Were these manuscripts and original documents written by the same scribe? 2.) Is there linguistic and orthographic uniformity across both manuscripts and diplomas? Scholars have previously posited that these manuscripts are most likely written in the same hand, but a presentation of why they believed this currently does not exist. This study will endeavor to provide evidence proving or disproving their claims by examining the paleographical, orthographical, and linguistic features of these five texts in a systematic manner. The data gathered by such an examination should reveal either a presence or lack of uniformity across the manuscripts and diplomas and will most likely offer more concrete evidence regarding the previous assertions on the scribal attribution of these texts. This thesis will begin with a brief yet thorough review of the manuscripts as they exist today. Following this will be an overview of the methodology which currently exists for determining scribal attribution, as well as a discussion on which methods will be applied in this thesis. A chapter on the examination of the script will follow, and it is this section which will be the driving force behind the study of scribal attribution. However, some information on the script will provide insights regarding the dates of the manuscripts and will be applied accordingly. Finally, an examination on the language and orthography of the manuscripts will conducted. The primary intention of this section will be focused on determining linguistic and orthographic uniformity across the manuscripts and diplomas to further assist with the study of scribal attribution.

1986

Bl 1 's London location or J's SE Midlands scribe, is suggestive. Or, again, the differences between those manuscripts in formal book hands, usually versions of Anglicana formata, and those in (often untidy) secretary hands or the particular items with which Astrolabe is bound -Houghton Library English 920 appears with a Latin essay on palmistry while Thompson Collection 1 binds Astrolabe with short Latin treatises on magnetism, the art of measurement and constructing a quadrant -allow some speculation on the classification of the work. Towards the end of the Prologue, the 'lewde/ compilator' avers that he has 'translated [the treatise] in myn Englisshe oonly for thy doctrine' (l. 51) but this variorum edition of Astrolabe demonstrates, at every turn, that what once passed for doctrine is enormously pleasurable. In part, such pleasure derives from reading the science, attempting the mathematical conclusions and marvelling at the complexity of the instrument, but the same pleasure is also due, in no small part, to the impeccable scholarship and generous intelligence that imbue this book from the first illustration to the very last page. The scale of this edition evidences dedication to a long-term project: it has set the standard in scholarship on Astrolabe and established the reliable textual basis on which all critical writing depends. We are privileged to have this book; I hope libraries will subscribe to the series and that interested scholars may find a place for 'this litel/ tretys' on their own shelves -as others have done since it was first copied. We can all be grateful to Sigmund Eisner for his honest perseverance, his impressive capabilities and his sheer love of learning. This edition will ensure a future readership for Chaucer's Astrolabe: one can ask no more of such a book.

2017

East Norse philology – the study of Old Danish, Old Swedish, and Old Gutnish – continues to attract scholarly attention from around the world. Beyond the Piraeus Lion comprises fourteen articles on a vast number of topics by researchers from Scandinavia, Germany, Italy, and the USA. They are based on a selection of the papers given at the Second International Conference for East Norse Philology held at Ca’Foscari University ofVenice in November 2015. The volume covers subjects ranging from codicology and material philology to text transmission and reception, from women’s literacy in medieval Sweden to studies of Old Danish lexicon, and from Bible translations to Old Swedish poetics. In all, there are five sections in the volume – Palaeography, Codicology, and Editing; Manuscript Studies; Vocabulary and Style; Literature and Writing; Bibles and Translations – that all demonstrate the breadth and vitality of East Norse philology. The book is the second volume published by Selskab for Østnordisk Filologi · Sällskap för östnordisk filologi, established in Uppsala in 2013. CONTENTS List of Illustrations Acknowledgements List of Authors 1. A Venetian Miscellany Jonathan Adams & Massimiliano Bampi I. Palaeography, Codicology, and Editing 2. Paleografiska egenskaper ur ett digitalt perspektiv Lasse Mårtensson 3. Linjeringen i medeltida svenskspråkiga handskrifter Patrik Åström 4. Normalizing Old Swedish Texts: Why Not? Henrik Williams II. Manuscript Studies 5. Vadstena Novices, Prague University, and the Old Swedish Evangelium Nicodemi Dario Bullitta 6. The Bishop Murderer Jonathan Adams III. Vocabulary and Style 7. Word Formation, Syntax, and Style in Old Danish Medical Texts Simon Skovgaard Boeck 8. The Vocabulary of Chivalry in Old Danish Romances Marita Akhøj Nielsen IV. Literature and Writing 9. Kvinnligt deltagande i det svenska skriftsamhället under medeltiden Inger Lindell 10. “Of Lice and Men”: A Comparison of the King Snio Episode in the Annales Ryenses Anja U. Blode 11. On the Old Swedish Trollmöte or Mik mötte en gamul kerling Stephen Mitchell 12. Courtliness, Nobility, and Emotional Restraint in the First Old Swedish Translated Romances: on Herr Ivan and Flores och Blanzeflor Kim Bergqvist V. Bibles and Translations 13. St Jerome and the Authority of Medieval East Scandinavian Texts Karl G. Johansson 14. A. D. 1526: The Beginning or the End of the Beginning? Humanist Bibles in Sweden Lars Wollin Index

Linguistica e filologia 31 , 2011

Many Scandinavian characters in the Old Norse-Icelandic sagas travel south to the distant cities of Rome and Jerusalem. This paper examines the literary uses sagas make of accounts of travel to Rome and to a lesser extent Jerusalem and compares their functions and significances in the saga-mindset. The context of this paper is my larger PhD studies, which focused on accounts of "far-travel" in saga-literature, that is, by Norse saga-characters to lands recognisably outside the area of familiarity. Of the three main destinations of southern far-travel in saga-literature, Rome, Jerusalem and Byzantium, the latter two, being self-evidently conceptually "distant" from the north, were covered at length in a previous thesis on the subject. Rome, however, is also at least at the southern edge, if not actually beyond the border, of cultural familiarity, and this paper thus treats Rome as a destination for far-travel as the others that were analysed in the thesis, examining what characterises journeys there. Jerusalem and the Holy Land will feature in this paper to a more limited extent, as travel to Rome and Jerusalem is in saga-literature characteristically taken for the same purposes-pilgrimage and absolution-and accounts of travel to the two places exhibit some of the same characteristics. The two sites are not equal, however, and some of the conclusions of this paper will draw out the differences between Rome and Jerusalem as far-travel destinations.

Our most recent and thorough publication is written in English (2001), but was pubished in German a year later ("Die Welt der Wikinger"). We have been encouraged to make this work available in English and here are the the first chapters. A list of references will follow soon.

See under Viking-Age Scandinavia, chapter 1. The manuscripts with this title are the English basis for our book Die Welt der Wikinger, Siedler Verlag 2002. We will upload the contents in a different order from the original text, and in the end a list of the chapters, as well as a list of references, will be presented.

A handout on the dating of Icelandic texts from c1100 to ca 1550.

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