This book chapter describes the life and work of Thomas Karsten (1884-1945). Karsten was one of a small group of modern Dutch architects that included men like Henri Maclaine Pont and C.P. Wolf Schoemaker who developed their careers in the Dutch East Indies in the first half of the twentieth century. Karsten laid the foundations of modern urban Indonesia with work represented in Semarang, Solo, Padang, Palembang and Medan. This chapter sketches Karsten’s views and efforts towards these and other plans.The Life and Work of Thomas Karsten is edited by Joost Coté and Hugh O’Neill with contributions by Helen I. Jessup and Pauline K.M. van Roosmalen. The book is published by Architectura & Natura Publishers in Amsterdam.

The article deals with modern urban planning concepts and their features on the example of the city of The Hague (Netherlands) at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. The process of development of urban planning concepts and views, which are actively implemented and used in the practice of urban development in the cities of the Netherlands, namely in The Hague, is explored.

pasca.unhas.ac.id

The development and transformation stages of Indonesian cities during the colonization period are unveiled by the manifestation of their urban form. The cities' eminent position in politics, culture and regional economics provides for a diversity of population groups. Like other Western colonizers, the Dutch forced their ideological urban design in establishing and developing the colony. Even though, laws, ordinances, and codes that were established gradually changed due to the characteristic local condition. The social, cultural of the natives as well as physical condition land imposed the Dutch to adapt the existing environment to establish and developed their ideas in town and building design. As a result, a new breed of urban design and architecture materialized in the colony's urban form. This research is basically founded that urban form of Indonesian cities has both physical and social dimensions by tracing the process of developments.

Canadian Journal of History, 2019

This article focuses on the historical construction of what has recently been understood as the urban space of Indonesian colonial cities. Although studies on this topic have been carried out within various contexts, scholars generally take the concept of urban space for granted as a means to expand their arguments. Moreover, since the historical evidence shows that the domination of colonial power is contingent on several conditions including the economy, military actions, and local politics in the colonies, it becomes necessary for academics to reconceptualize Indonesian colonial urban histories. In this matter, the reconceptualization calls for more explanation of how colonial urban space was created during early colonial times in which the socio-political foundations of colonialism took place. This study traces the history of the city of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, in the nineteenth century, and examines the transformation of urban space during the colonial conflict between the Dutch and the Kingdom of Yogyakarta. Economic, military, and political conditions shaped the development of urban space of Yogyakarta. The city was deeply influenced by Dutch colonial policies, including the introduction of colonial norms and values in an engineered urban space.

Journal of Urban Design, 2013

DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. If the publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the "Taverne" license above, please follow below link for the End User Agreement:

Urban Planning, 2019

This article seeks to analyse the reciprocal influence between the post-war urban planning policies and the development of residential neighbourhoods in Lelystad between 1965 and 1990. This city has been designed ‘from scratch’ as the urban centre of the IJsselmeer Polders, the largest land reclamation project of the Netherlands. Lelystad’s neighbourhood development will be described and contextualised in the Dutch New Towns planning policy (1960–1985), which intended to avoid increasing congestion in the most densely populated area in the Netherlands: the Randstad. Lelystad is seen as a significant case. This New Town exemplifies the evolution in urban planning in The Netherlands in the second half of the twentieth century. Cornelis van Eesteren, who had presided over the CIAM (Congrès Internationaux d’Architecture Moderne) from 1930 to 1947, was responsible for the urban design in 1964, based on the principles of the Modern city and the functionalist design of residential neighbou...

Third Annual International Conference on Architecture. Atene, Grecia, 10-13 giugno

The shape of the Dutch city of Hilversum is the result of the decisions on urban planning made in the 20’s and 30’s by architect Willem Marinus Dudok. The foreshadowing of the future through the plan does not appear as the result of a naive revival of the forms of the past. Much less the claims of novelty appear to resolve in the radicalism of forms that have no link with the tradition. Rather, the form seems to suggest a third alternative: the conciliatory option which refers to the ability of the project to interpret the vital energies of the tradition in a new and informal way. We recognize the reference to this tradition in the most authentic experience of the medieval city as well as in the idea of the classical European city, assimilated through the work of the architect Hendrik Petrus Berlage. In order to promote a controlled growth of the city, the plan moves within an operative method that, taking into account the needs of the community, is respectful of the environmental and historical values of the city. It is true that in the logic of a highly flexible programmatic planning, public buildings, primary urban facts in the composition of the city, play a decisive role in interpreting the planning of the residential neighborhoods. In this key we can interpret many school buildings that Dudok realized for the city of Hilversum: the discovery of an "invention of design" that measures, from time to time, the ability of the project to build urban scenarios that are appropriate for the life of the community. So, the project is no longer a reference to a well-established typological form, inadequate to express social changes, but becomes an interpretation of ancient yet valid forms that prefigure the city of its time.

JURNAL PEMBANGUNAN WILAYAH & KOTA, 2015

The progress in urbanization within downtown areas has been expanded to the surrounding areas (i.e. periphery). This has been considered by the changes of the land uses in two geographically different countries. These areas have experienced a phenomenon of space consumption due to the urban development, which eventually triggered the urban sprawl, such as Mlati in Indonesia, Vertou, Caquefou and Sainte Luce Sur Loire in Nantes, France. This present study aims to examine the practices in the management of space consumption by urbanization in several municipals within periphery of Nantes, such as Carquefou,

2017

Purpose: This project analyzes the uses of space and geography up the scales of political organization – from the village to the municipal – attempting to find the intersections where physical space meets governance using Semarang, Indonesia as my strategic case. This research employs a biocultural lens, addressing the existing gaps in literature by advancing a framework to function across disciplines and ultimately reconnecting to its practical application in urban planning and design. Such a framework is important in providing a blueprint for building a coherent and supportive structure on which to assess the human impact of design and contribute new “human-centered” solutions to the discussion of the way we plan, upgrade, and build our cities. Methods examined the formal planning strategies employed by the municipality to mitigate the city’s key shocks and stresses; the informal acts of community mapping and placemaking incited by community stakeholders; and the overlay of these ...

Sinektika: Jurnal Arsitektur

Background: As urban population increases rapidly, urban environment has become a focus area in global agenda. Global agenda for this response has lead to the significance of sustainable development. The UN has also published several guidance on how to achieve sustainable environment. This agenda has been adopted across the world. However, such attitude appears to be problematic in the context of developing countries, including Indonesia particularly in the relationship with urban planning practice. Methods: This paper attempts to provide preliminary discussion of how urban planning practice in Indonesia has transformed to embrace the issue of sustainable development. It explores some readings relevant to the planning practice in contemporary context, from the postcolonial period until the recent reformation movement, using chronological interpretative approach on some available literatures on urban planning and development. Findings: The paper hints that the planning practice in In...

PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION JOURNAL, 2021

In this era of globalization, there is an interesting phenomenon in urban development. Many parts of the city are chaotic in their development, but there are cities that are fixed, unchanging. Semarang city is one that has not changed due to the times. Semarang city was planned by Herman Thomas Karsten as a modern city starting in 1916. Herman Thomas Karsten (1884-1945) is a Dutch architect who has worked as an architect and city advisor since his arrival in Indonesia in 1916. Karsten's most complete work is located in Semarang City. Karsten's work covers the town planning of Semarang city and the architectural design of buildings. History shows the fact that architectural works that survive are those that have a local aspect in their design concepts. This fact also happened to Semarang city. Through a literature review on city theory, architecture and local aspects, and by taking the case of Semarang city as a modern city by Karsten, it can be seen that the application of local concepts in Karsten's work, as well as the relationship between local concepts and primary elements of city in Karsten's works. This study aims to interpret Karsten's concept of thought, explore all local aspects in urban planning, which influence Karsten, and reveal the dominance of local aspects found in the case study. This research provides benefits for the scientific development of architecture, and provides new insights to the academic community about the importance of local aspects to architectural work. This research makes it clear that a city will survive if its town planning applies local concepts. As for the community, this research contributes to helping the creation of a new built environment for cultural heritage artifacts through a good architectural conservation work strategy. Keywords: Local concept; the primary elements of the city; Karsten; Karsten's works

Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia, 2014

Colonial Indonesia's foremost town planner and prominent architect, Herman Thomas Karsten (1884-1945), was inspired in his work by contemporary discourses on modernity and critiques of Western civilization. Drawing on Karsten's published and private writing, this article argues that his disenchantment with the West and criticism of contemporary Dutch colonial practice led him to imagine and direct his town-planning and architectural projects towards the realization of a post-colonial, post-imperial world in which East and West would be united. Despite (or because of) his utopian ideal of world unity, Karsten was unable to accept the demands of the Indonesian nationalist movement.

IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2018

Herman Thomas Karsten architectural masterpiece becomes objects of cultural heritage that must be appreciated, it covers town planning and architectural design. On progress, Karsten's masterpiece hasn't changed much as a result of globalization that hits Semarang city; his masterpiece is considered well, valued by the society, it is possibly because of the conceptual approach that prioritizes and blends the local aspects of wealth. Collecting data including literature study, synchronic and diachronic method, will produce a red thread ideology that influences Karsten's way of thinking. History shows, the architectural work that survives is that have the local aspect in the concept of planning. Through the literature review of the Theory of the City and Local Aspects, and by taking the case on the cities of Karsten design, there will be a relation between the Local Aspect and the Concept of Town Planning by Karsten. Case Study in Semarang city, which is also the best or the most completed masterpiece of Karsten, becomes a reference that corresponds to the literature study, so we get the scope of the local aspect that consists of Place, People and Period always related with cultural, social and economic aspect, and all of these have correlation with the town planning and architectural work of Karsten. Keywords: town planning, architectural design, local aspect.

Journal of Regional and City Planning

The planning of Kebayoran Baru in 1948 marked the end, and perhaps the peak, of the achievements of town planning in the Dutch East Indies. In this era, a different planning approach was applied than the one used today. This study examines that approach, the challenges it faced, and the lessons learned for current and future eras. Kebayoran Baru was meant to provide housing and office buildings in view of the expected economic growth of the colony, which had begun at the turn of the century. However, its construction was only done after World War II in the context of city reconstruction. The planning of Kebayoran Baru utilized the accumulation of knowledge concerning the principles, methods, and practice of town planning in the archipelago formulated in the third decade of the century. Instrumental to the planning of Kebayoran Baru were two prominent figures: H. Mohammad Soesilo and Thomas Karsten. Two of Karsten’s conceptual legacies that Soesilo applied in the planning of Kebayora...

Proceeding 1st Biennale International Conference on Indonesian Architecture and Planning, 2012

A 'hate and love' relationship is a common term used in describing how people in waterfront cities are dealing with water. In spatial planning perspective, areas with water bring some challenges and opportunities, especially if there is a conflict of interests between flood protections and the need of lands for urban development. This paper is aimed at understanding the development process and changing relationship with water in the Netherlands and Indonesia (Banjarmasin); a special attention is paid for water-based dwellings; or the way of living on the water or next to the water. Factors that influence spatial planning and living on the water from those cities will be analyzed. In the Netherlands, In addition to the history as a trade nation, water management is highly influencial to the development of the cities. They are emphasized by some stages, the acceptation toward water; defensive actions; offensive strategies; manipulation or the era of marvelous engineering works; and the current stage-a new insight and acceptation toward water. The innovation in water management and the awareness of water in spatial planning have brought back the confidence of living next to the water and the possibilities to develop the new typology of water-based dwellings in urban areas. While in the case of Banjarmasin, Indonesia the history and cultural attachment to water does not help to maintain the positive attitude toward water in the current urban development process. It still uses old paradigm in dealing with water by avoiding it (the stage of acceptation and protection). Living on the water is not a new phenomenon for cities around the world, especially for those that sits next to the rivers, seas or lakes and by generations have made them as sources of life and a backbone for economics and transport activities. At this circumstances, a 'hate and love' relationship with water is a common term used in describing how people in those areas are dealing with the joys and threats of water. In spatial planning perspective, geographical area with water also brings some challenges and opportunities, especially if there is a conflict of interests between, for instance, flood protections and the need of lands for urban development. Netherlands could be one of the best example on how those interests have developed and been managed in such a way for a long period in order to create a resilience and attractive urban environment. However, many other water-based cities in the world are still struggling to find the way to live harmoniously with water. Cities in Indonesia such as Banjarmasin (South Kalimantan) or other South East Asian Cities such as Bangkok and Hanoi that have a strong water identity and once was heavily depended on rivers, are now facing problems with floods and also the changing attitude toward water in their urban development process. The obvious highlights are found on water dwellings; or the way of living on the water or next to the water. Both in The Netherlands and Indonesia, those ways of life still exist until now in the midst of urban areas, but with a different stage of maturity and challenges. In understanding the development process of waterfront cities, many literature commonly analyse from the historical evolution of post-industrial cities such as the one from Wrenn (1983) which highlighted four phases; from the early settlements next to water to the transformation of bustling port cities into derelict old harbors and then a re-discovery of new waterfront into public spaces and a mixed-use development. However, for both Netherlands (Amsterdam) and Indonesia (Banjarmasin), the point of views on geographical condition of water and land as well as the historical and cultural attachments on water for hundreds of years that have formed the present days urban landscape also need to be considered.

More and more people are moving into cities, and cities in developing countries are projected to expand their footprint. The current urbanization trend, leading to rapid urban expansion, poses a significant planning challenge. To accommodate the growing population, cities worldwide will expand, incorporating vast areas of peripheral land. Correspondingly, in the Sukoharjo region, more and more agricultural land is being converted for commercial and industrial uses. In order to plan for this expansion, it is crucial that a development framework is provided. Of significant relevance is the planning of streets, which will not only guide infrastructure development such as water, sewage and other basic services, but also facilitate the provision of efficient modes of public transportation, while providing a sufficient supply of land and positively affecting its affordability. Our research framework and methodology comprises an on-site analysis of the suburbanization process in the Sukoharjo region by identifying development patterns across time in villages and farmland during a 10-day design workshop with Indonesian university students from Universitas Sebelas Maret, students from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design and Technische Universität Berlin in the campus of Universitas Sebelas Maret in Surakarta City, Indonesia. Using social, economic and environmental impacts as pillars to frame our analysis of observations, this research strives to find an integrated framework for sustainable urban expansion. This general scheme focuses on integrating and extending existing qualities of villages to sustain and diversify future urban expansion. It can then be adapted to other areas undergoing similar growth patterns near Solo City. The paper closes with a proposal for encouraging maximal growth without compromising on liveability factors important to the region: walkability, accessibility and social cohesion.

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2021

Despite the fact that North Jakarta has been prompted as the new frontier of development with megaprojects, artificial islands, and large-scale infrastructures, little attention is paid to the development of small islands in Kepulauan Seribu, north of Jakarta, focused on Panggang island, one of the inhabited islands in Kepulauan Seribu, among Indonesia's densest islands. There were the three challenges to the urbanization of small islands in the Jakarta megaregion, including: population growth, land availability and reclamation, and essential infrastructure provision. Through a participatory workshop with local authorities and communities, this paper proposed a model of sustainable settlement planning in Panggang Island , based on housing need assessment and spatial structure improvement to ensure the future settlement sustainability in Panggang island. To conclude, this paper critically reflects on the engagement process with local communities and the challenges in actualizing the settlement planning proposal in Pulau Pangang.

Proceedings of the 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress 2019, 2019

This paper outlines the implementation of a National Ordinance across the country of Kuwait. The ordinance is a platform that is based on a seximal system of measurement for spatial and data driven planning. This system simultaneously provides a spatial framework for optimized connectivity as well as an analytical platform for projecting and tracking development across an entire nation. The national master plan for the country of Kuwait, the Fourth Kuwait Master Plan 2040, utilizes a National Ordinance that serves as the planning and development platform for the country. The ordinance is based on the Land Ordinance of 1785, Jefferson's plan for most of the United States, however, it is restructured to address changes in context, technology and operation. In this case the Ordinance provides parallel Geographic Information Systems for both spatial implementation and data analytics. The intention is to use the Ordinance to address the difficulty in planning for the future of a complex system such as an entire country. This paper provides 1) a brief introduction to the idea of an Ordinance, 2) the historical context for the idea of a national planning platform, or ordinance, 3) historic examples and analyses, 4) the underlying concepts and methodology for the proposed ordinance, and 5) a detailed analysis of the proposed Kuwait National Ordinance.

2001

I would like to express my grati tude to Dr. Darko Radovic, for all his invaluable academic supervision and intellectual support during the whole period of my Ph.D. candidature at the Faculty of Architecture, Building and Planning, The University of Melbourne. My sincere gra ti tude is extended to Professor Ross King, Dr. Stephen Cairns and Hugh O'Neill, as members of the Supervisory Committee, who have provided me with essential feedback during meetings throughout the course of study. To Professor Philip Goad, the Chairperson of Examiners, I would like to thank for his construc tive suggestions for the final submission of this thesis. Especially, I would like to thank Associate Professor David Evans for his endless efforts in encouraging and helping me to cope with the problems of writing the thesis in English. I would like to thank Professor Merle C. Ricklefs and Professor Arief Budiman for helping me to find the necessary maps, ar ticles and recordings. There are also many other faculty members of the Faculty of Architecture, Building and Planning, I would like to express my gra titude, who have provided me with various academic and moral support.

2023

Purpose-This paper aims to explain the impact of spatial planning regulations in the development of hotels in Bali, particularly as regards environmental damage. It then analyzes the factors that cause spatial planning to fail to prevent environmental damage. Design/methodology/approach-This paper is based on both fieldwork and library research, and a broadly socio-legal approach is adopted, involving a combination of doctrinal research and empirical legal method. Findings-This paper finds that interrelated legal, political and economic factors contribute to this failure, including conflicting regulations on the review and amendment of spatial plans, the pursuance of economic enrichment and an unsustainable approach to economic development. Although some or even all of these factors may have seemed obvious from the start, because they are common causes of regulatory failure, this paper demonstrates empirically that they are exacerbated and made more challenging because of the interrelationship between legal, political and economic factors. Research limitations/implications-Given the existence of intertwined legal, political and economic factors behind the regulatory failure of spatial planning, more studies need to be undertaken to restore spatial planning objectives as a means of preventing tourism projects in Bali from damaging the environment. Originality/value-The author proposes a reform to make spatial planning regulations more effective, particularly in preventing environmental damage by tourism projects.

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