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Ishtar seduces the Sea-serpent. A New Join in the Epic of Hedammu (KUB 36, 56+95) and its meaning for the battle between Baal and Yam in Ugaritic Tradition, Ugarit-Forschungen 43 (2011) 53-83

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Abstract

re-edition of Hittite Hedammu fragments KUB 36, 56+95 and other additons to the tekst of Hedammu

Key takeaways
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  1. The text presents a new join in the Hedammu myth, clarifying Ishtar's role in seducing the Sea-serpent.
  2. Ishtar utilizes charms and aphrodisiacs, revealing her active role in the narrative against Hedammu.
  3. Less than 30% of the Ugaritic myth of Baal and Yam remains preserved, complicating analysis.
  4. The relationship between Ugaritic and Hurrian myths suggests complex interconnections in Near Eastern traditions.
  5. Astarte's significant presence alongside Baal in these myths reaffirms her importance in Ugaritic tradition.
Figures (1)
The join of KUB 36, 56+95 which I publish here in handcopy (fig. 1), shows that KUB 36, 56 II’ (Siegelova § 8) joins to KUB 36, 95 II (Bo 256) and proves  form and even much more elaborated as found in the Egyptian story of Astarte and the Sea.'® However, because of the sometimes extremely fragmentary preservation of Hedammu, many details of the narrative scheme remained unclear until now.’” In this contribution in UF 37, I discuss also shortly the se- quence of the Hedammu episodes in relation to the Hurrian version, suggesting he relative sequence of Siegelova’s paragraphs to be 4, 5, 6 and 9 or 6, 4, 5 and  9, whereas the fragments of § 7 and § 8 should be located somewhere else in the ale.”°
The join of KUB 36, 56+95 which I publish here in handcopy (fig. 1), shows that KUB 36, 56 II’ (Siegelova § 8) joins to KUB 36, 95 II (Bo 256) and proves form and even much more elaborated as found in the Egyptian story of Astarte and the Sea.'® However, because of the sometimes extremely fragmentary preservation of Hedammu, many details of the narrative scheme remained unclear until now.’” In this contribution in UF 37, I discuss also shortly the se- quence of the Hedammu episodes in relation to the Hurrian version, suggesting he relative sequence of Siegelova’s paragraphs to be 4, 5, 6 and 9 or 6, 4, 5 and 9, whereas the fragments of § 7 and § 8 should be located somewhere else in the ale.”°

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References (23)

  1. /202+205)
  2. + KUB 36, 57 (Bo 1873) = Siegelova § § 14+17+18. I thank Dr. Silvin Košak and Dr. Fransesco Fuscagni also for putting the photographs of KUB 36, 36 and KBo 26, 74 at my disposal, see the appendix. Column I 1 [ši]-i-ra ḫi-iš-ti-ú-ša ka-a*-[ti-(il)-li (??)]
  3. 9 pa-a-ri tu-ú-ri-i-in / a-ra-an-nu-ú[-li DINGIR.MEŠ-na ta-am-ri-na ? ] 10 mas-si-i-ga pa-a-ri a-aš-ḫu-un / ha-a*[ 11 a-aš-ḫu pa-a-ri en-tu-ú-uš 35 tu-ú-ri*[ ------------------------------------------ 12 a-ma-a-at-ti-i-na DINGIR.MEŠ-na i-ki-ya*-na*[ 13 ḫi-i-tu-ú-ri ú-ri-ya-ša-an*[ 32 KUB 45, 63 (Bo 2364) colophon : DUB 1.KAM ŠA A.AB.[BA NU TIL] First Tablet of The Sea [not finished]. See also the catalogue KUB 30, 43, Rev. 2-3 : DUB* 1*[? KAM] ŠA
  4. * A.AB.BA ša-ra-a-ma-at 3 Ú-UL ar-ta-ri. See I. Rutherford, The Song of the Sea (ŠA A.AB.BA ŠÌR). Thoughts on KUB 45,63*, in G. Wilhelm (ed.), Akten des IV. Internationalen Kongresses für Hethitologie, Würzburg, 4.-8. Oktober 1999 (SboT 45), Wiesbaden 2001, 598-609, esp. 598.
  5. Rutherford, The Song of the Sea, 599 ; Salvini / Wegner, Die Mythologischen Texte, 21, 46-47 N o 12. 34 ammini=n or ammi=ni=n ? perhaps of am(m)-'to reach, arrive, happen(?)' E. Neu, Das hurritische Epos der Freilassung I (: HEF 1) (SboT 32),Wiesbaden 1996, 45, 126, 131. 35 Perhaps an Akkadian emprunt enu > endi 'lord' in ergative case, see also endan en- danni. It is also possible that it was a particular verbal augment, pa-a-re-en-tu-ú-us par=end(i)=us, compare pu-du-un-du-uš ga-te-en-du-uš etc. forming a kind of noun, here in the ergative case. ---------------------------------------------- When Kumarbi [heard the words] of the Sea [he praised ? ] the messenger seven times [(?)] [and gave] him a [gold]en wreath [on his head ? ] Kumarbi [and ] the messenger [went] secretly [down into the sea] ---------------------------------------------- [When Kumar]bi [arrived down] in the sea, they [brough]t [him] food to [ea]t and to drink. [The midwi]fe lifted the male child [up] [and she cradled] him on the kne[es] of Kumarbi. [Kumarbi started] then [to rejoice himself] over his son [and he began] to [fondle him ? ] Kumarbi went on [to speak to himself]: What [name shall I put on the child] Whom the mothergoddesses [have given me?] d3' d Ku-mar-bi-[iš ud-da-a-ar A-NA LÚ SUKKAL-ŠU me-mi-iš-ki-u- wa-an da-a-iš d Mu-ki-ša-nu LÚ SUKKAL-YA ud-da-ar-ta]
  6. ' [ d Ku-mar-bi-iš ud-da-a-ar A-NA LÚ SUKKAL-ŠU me]-mi-iš-ki- u -wa-an da-a-iš [ d Mu-ki-ša-nu]
  7. ' ku-e te-mi*[nu-mu ud-da-na-aš GEŠTUG pa-ra-a la-ga-a-an ḫar-ak GIŠ AB.ḪI.A] e2' [ LÚ SUKKAL-YA ud-da-a-ar-ta ku-e te-mi nu-mu ut]-ta-na-aš GEŠTUG-an pa-ra-a la-[ga-a-an]
  8. ' la-ga-a-an ḫar-ak GIŠ IG ḫa-at-tal*[-wa-i GIŠ ]tar*-ma EGIR-an da-a-i 79 GIŠ [AB.ḪI.A ?? ]
  9. ' URUDU za-ak-ki-[uš-ma pí-eš-ši-ya I-NA É.GAL-lim ša-ra-a i -it nu-kán wa-ar-šu-la-aš]
  10. ' [ḫar-ak GIŠ IG ḫa-at-tal-wa-i GIŠ tar-ma EGIR-an da-]a*-i GIŠ za-ak- ki-uš-ma pí-eš-[ši-ya]
  11. ' GIŠ za-ak-ki-uš-ma pí-eš-ši-ya [ ]I-NA É.GAL-lim ša- ra*-[a i-it]
  12. ' GIM-an le-e*[ -at-ta-ri ud-da-a-ar]
  13. ' [ I-NA É.GAL-lim ša-ra-a i-it nu-kán wa]-ar-šu*[-la-aš] i-wa- ar 80 le-e [(?)]
  14. ' LÚ.MEŠ.MASDÁ-aš*[ c22' [MÁŠ]DA-aš pu-uš-pu-ši-in [ ma-a-an le]-e iš-da-an x[ e5' [ pu-uš]-pu-ši-iš ma-a-an [ ] ---------------------------------------
  15. The words GIŠ IG ḫa-at-tal-wa-i GIŠ tar-ma-an x x-wa-an da-a-i seem to be omitted in ms KBo 26, 72 (d).
  16. In mss (c) and (d) : GIM-an.
  17. Compare KUB 33, 89 + 36, 21:14 ? : wa-ar-šu-la-an Ú-]UL iš-taḫ-ḫa-an-zi.
  18. For this expression, see § 1. c24' [ḫat-tal-wa-]iš GIŠ tar-ma*[ EGIR-an da-a-iš GIŠ AB.ḪI.A ] d9' URUDU za-ak[-ki-uš-ma pí-eš-ši- e7' [ ]EGIR*-an da-a-iš GIŠ za- ak*[-ki-uš-ma] d10' na-an*[ e8' [ BI-IB-RU.ḪI.A] ZABAR an-da[ .......................
  19. --------------------------------------- Kumarbi began to speak to [his] vizier: Mukišanu, my vizier, for the words which I say, open your ears! Close the door, put on the bar [again] and close the [windows] And put on the bolts [to them (?) and return] in the temple [quickly]! Allow not as a bad smell ? the [ ... re]volt ? you ; [nor] the word like pušpiši of poor people tarry you ? ...
  20. --------------------------------------- Mukišanu [listened] to the words[, he rose] quickly [and] closed [the door], put on the bar again, [he closed the windows] and put the bolts [on .... And for him [he put.... ]in bronze [cups 83 . § 14: KUB 33, 83 (Bo 8286) + KBo 26, 74 (69/202+205
  21. + KUB 36, 57 (Bo 1873). Unfortunately, the lower corner of the tablet is still missing. I only re- produced the newly recovered text. ------------------------------------------
  22. ' MUŠ Ḫé-dam-mu-uš* [ d ]IŠTAR-li me-mi-iš-ki-u-wa-an da*-[a-iš]
  23. ' zi-ik MUNUŠ-na*[-aš] a*-wa-an ar-ḫa ti*-i-it ma/ku[ ] 15' nu-ut-ta ar-ḫa e-ed-mi ka-aš*-ti* x x [ ] 16' ḫar-ša-la-an-ta na-at-mu-za zi ! -[ ] 17' nu-wa i-wa ? [-ar ] ====================================== Ḫedammu went on to speak to IŠTAR: You moved far away from the women who [ And I will devour you [being] hungry [ Being angry that you ... me [ And li[ke ..... ============================ 83 See the first lines of KUB 33, 109 +.

FAQs

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What explains the role of IŠTAR in the seduction of the Sea-dragon?add

The research finds that IŠTAR seduces Ḫedammu using charms and a special aphrodisiacum in a detailed narrative from the fragmentary text of KUB 36, 56 + 95.

How does the Ugaritic Cycle compare to Anatolian myths of the Sea?add

The findings suggest a close relationship between the Ugaritic Baal cycle and the Hittite Ḫedammu myth, with both featuring themes of royal conflict and divine seduction.

When did IŠTAR's seduction of the Sea-dragon become known to scholars?add

This episode emerged from the discovery of fragments in the early 2000s, revealing narrative elements that were previously obscure in the study of Near Eastern myths.

What fragments support the presence of alternative versions of the myth?add

Several fragments, including the Hurrian KUB 45, 63, suggest multiple narratives of the Sea and its encounters, linking to both Hittite and Ugaritic traditions.

Why do scholars consider Astarte's role significant in Ugaritic mythology?add

Recent findings indicate Astarte's prominent participation alongside the Weather God in battles, enhancing her importance in the mythological hierarchy within Ugaritic texts.

Related papers

The First Tablet of the Hurritic Bilingual Song of Release in the Light of Hurritic Mythological Tradition, UGARIT-FORSCHUNGEN Internationales Jahrbuch für die Altertumskunde Syrien-Palästinas Herausgegeben von Band 44 2013 In memoriam Pierre Bordreuil, 121-142

In this article the First Tablet of the Hurritic Bilingual Song of Release is reconstructed and studied in the light of Hurritic mythological tradition. It contains a handcopy of the reconstructed tablet

The Hurritic Myth about Sausga of Nineveh and Hasarri (CTH 776.2), Ugarit-Forschungen 45 (2014) 65-94

edition and interpretation of the known fragments, especially KBo 33, 137 + ABoT 2, 249 + KBo 54, 231 // KBo 51, 224 + KBo 35, 41

A Glossary of the Hittite Prayers to the Sun-god (CTH 372-374) (critical edition of CTH 372-374 by D. Schwemer), Addendum (on join KBo 38.203 (+) KUB 31.135)

in: M. Jaques. "Mon dieu, qu'ai-je donc fait?" Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis 273, 2015, 421–457

Prophets, Men of God, Wise Women: Dreams and Prophecies in Hittite Stories

ib: B. Becking and H.M. Barstad, Prophecy and Prophets in Stories. Papers Read at the Fifth Meeting of the Edinburgh Prophets Network Utrecht, October 2013, (OTS , 65), Leiden?Boston 2015, 11-25

Leyla Murat 2009 Goddess Išhara Tanrıça Išhara, Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi Cilt XXVIII Sayı 45, Ankara.

The Hittite cuneiform texts and the archeological evidence point out clearly that the Hittites had a polytheist belief in their religious life. One of the most important gods which take place in this religious system is Goddess Išhara. This goddess has an important role in Hittite Pantheon including one thousand Hittite sacred gods. Goddess Išhara, who has a Mesopotamian origin, and who is transported to the Anatolia by Hurrians, is also the most important goddess of the Kizzuwatna region. Išhara is both illness-and cure-bestowed goddess; it also seems that a number of attributes such as underground, plant, mountain, river, spring, queen of oath, sexuality / propagation, cursing, sin, blood, dirtiness and making purification from the harmful things are given to this goddess. purifying from the dirtiness/evil.

On Recent Cuneiform Editions of Hittite Fragments (II). (Review of: H. Otten et alii, KBo 47)
HİTİT METİNLERİNDE GEÇEN HURRİ TANRI ÇİFTLERİ: " NABARBI-ŠUṶALA " " URŠUI-IŠKALLI "
A `New' Prayer from the "House on the Slope". In: Y. Cohen, A. Gilan, J.L. Miller. "Pax hethitica" Studies on the Hittites and their Neighbours in Honour of Itamar Singer (on the Occasion of his 65th Birthday) (StBoT 51), pp. 362-371, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag 2010.
H. Craig Melchert.Cuneiform Luvian Lexicon

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