“bo” inMartalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso (1974),Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo
Bill Palmer,The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area (→ISBN, 2017), page 531, table 95,Comparative basic vocabulary in Lakes Plain Languages
Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the criticaltonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Uncertain, akin toCentral Kurdishبۆ(bo),Talyshbo(“for”). The formji bona isji boneya (lit. "from the cause of, because"), compareCentral Kurdishلە بۆنە(le bone,“because”),Southern Kurdishوە بوونەی(we bûney,“for”). One theory is relation with the Middle Iranic preposition*û (Related toParthian[Term?](/ō/,“to; for”),Middle Persian[Term?](/ō/,“to; for”)) withbi(“with”) in front of it; compare also dialectalCentral Kurdishلۆ(lo,“for”), synonymous withبۆ(bo) (withli(“on; in”) instead). Alternatively, an abbreviation ofji boneya and similar forms, the likes of which exists in Kurdish languages (compareseba fromsebeb,semeda fromsedem,بە هۆی(be hoy,“with the reason of”) etc.). This would mean that it has largely replacedjê ra andئەڕا(erra). The main nounbone(“cause; pretext”) maybe related tobihane(“excuse”),Central Kurdishبیانوو(byanû),Persianبهانه. A derivation fromبەرەو(berew)/berev ("towards") has been proposed by some, but that comes with phonetic problems.
Consider alsoPersianبا, which explains theTalysh word (-a- sounds become-o- in Talysh). Therefore, the Talysh word may not be a cognate at all.
Colloquially often used along withji and an izafe marker (î orê withbo,a withbone). Not used with anything alonside it (likeji or ezafe) only in Southernmost dialects.
Moui... pocazuiø, iz sø gresnicy ctuoracy;bo moui to slouo albo sedøcim, albo spøcim, albo lezøcim, albo uma[rłym]
[Mowi... pokazuję, iż są grzesznicy cztwioracy;bo mowi to słowo albo siedzącym, albo śpiącym, albo leżącym, albo uma[rłym]]
1858 [c.1408], Wojciech Szurkowski z Ponieca, “Wyroki sądów miejskich czyli ortyle [Urban court rulings i.e. "Ortyls"]”, in Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski, editor,Historia prawodawstw słowiańskich [History of Slavic lawmaking], volume 6,Poniec, page71:
Panye woyczye, yuszbo czyą [y] pytham na prawye... yesthly to szlubyenye moczno
[Panie wojcie, jużbo cię [i] pytam na prawie... jestli to ślubienie mocno]
Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965), “bo”, inJan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors,Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “bo”, inSłownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie,→ISBN
Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “bo”, inEtymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
B. Sieradzka-Baziur,Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “bo”, inSłownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków:IJP PAN,→ISBN
Moab y Agarenowie Gebalitowie j Amon y Amalech/ y cżudzoziemci z mieſzkaiącimi w Tirze. [...]Boy Aſſur prziſzedł ſnimi j ſtał ſie na pomoc ſinom Lotowym. [Etenim Assur venit cum illis: facti sunt in adiutorium filiis Loth]
[Confitebuntur coeli mirabilia tua domine: etenim veritatem tuam in ecclesia santorum] Będą wyznawać niebioſa czuda twoie miły paniebo y prawdę twoię będę wyſlawiać w zebraniu ſwiętych.
(Middle Polish)The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
According toSłownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990),bo is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 35 times in scientific texts, 5 times in news, 87 times in essays, 231 times in fiction, and 378 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 736 times, making it the 62nd most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
^Ida Kurcz (1990), “bo”, inSłownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language][1] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page29
“BO”, inElektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 21 September 2016
“BO”, inElektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 14 January 2008
Jan Karłowicz (1900), “bo”, inSłownik gwar polskich [Dictionary of Polish dialects] (in Polish), volume 1: Ado E, Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności, page93
Jag gillar inte höghus, sten och lättbetong. Jag trivs inte i stan, för den är grå och trång. Jag villbo i en svamp, annars får jag kramp (svamp). Det finns hopp för min kropp i en mullig sopp (svamp). Kom ikväll, och var snäll, till min kantarell (svamp). Titta in, och ta ton, i min champinjon (svamp). Jag vill ut i skogen, i luft och rymd och ljus, och sitta framför svampen, och höra tallens sus. Jag villbo ... [as before]. Tiderna är hårda, livet är en kamp. Det känns mycket bättre, om jag har min svamp. Jag villbo ... [as before].
I don't like high-rise, stone and lightweight concrete. I don't like it in the city, because it [the city] is gray and crowded [tight, cramped]. I wantto live in a mushroom, otherwise I get cramps (mushroom). There is hope for my body in a chubby bolete (mushroom). Come tonight, and be nice [kind], to my chanterelle (mushroom). Stop by, and sing ["take tone" – start singing or speaking], in my champignon [common mushroom, like a button mushroom] (mushroom). I want to get out in the forest [want out in the forest], in air and space and light, and sit in front of the mushroom, and hear the sighing of the pine. I wantto live ... [as before]. [The] times are hard, [the] life is a struggle. It feels much better, if I have my mushroom. I wantto live ... [as before].
Detbor en ängel i mitt rum. Hon har sitt bo ovanför mitt huvud. Hon görmej lugn. Och hon viskar tillmej allt det jag sägerdej.
There is an angel living in my room [itlives an angel in my room]. She has her dwelling [usually of animals, especially nests] above my head. She puts me at ease [makes me calm]. And she whispers to me all the things that [all that (which)] I say to you.
The use of "bo" as a shorthand for "bostad" and "boende" (housing) goes back at least to the 1920s, for example in the name of trade expos like "Bygge och Bo" (1925).
