Shigatse 日喀则市 གཞིས་ཀ་རྩེ་གྲོང་ཁྱེར། Xigazê | |
|---|---|
 Samtse Dzongbuk, Shigatse | |
| Nickname: Gateway to Everest | |
 Location of Shigatse within Tibet | |
| Coordinates:29°16′01″N88°52′52″E / 29.267°N 88.881°E /29.267; 88.881 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Autonomous region | Tibet |
| County-level divisions |
|
| Municipal seat | Samzhubzê District |
| Area | |
• Total | 182,000 km2 (70,000 sq mi) |
| Population (2020) | |
• Total | 798,153 |
| • Density | 4.4/km2 (11/sq mi) |
| GDP | |
| • Total | CN¥ 16.7 billion US$ 2.7 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 22,469 US$ 3,608 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-XZ-02 |
| Shigatse | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese name | |||||||||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 日喀则 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 日喀則 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Hanyu Pinyin | Rìkāzé | ||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||
| Tibetan name | |||||||||||||||||||
| Tibetan | གཞིས་ཀ་རྩེ་ | ||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||
Shigatse, officially known asXigazê (Tibetan:གཞིས་ཀ་རྩེ་,Wylie:gzhis ka rtse,ZYPY:xigazê) orRikaze (Chinese:日喀则;pinyin:Rìkāzé),[1][2] is aprefecture-level city of theTibet Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. Its area of jurisdiction, with an area of 182,000 km2 (70,271 sq mi), corresponds to the historicalÜ-Tsang region ofTibet.
The administrative center of theprefecture-level city is theSamzhubzê District. It is roughly equivalent to the historical Shigatse urban center, the second-largest city in Tibet, located about 280 km (170 mi) southwest of Lhasa and home to theTashilhunpo Monastery, traditionally the seat of thePanchen Lama.[3]
Some of the towns in the prefecture are:Gyantse (Gyantse County),Tingri (Tingri County), andNyalam (Nyalam County).
On 11 July 2014 Shigatse Prefecture was upgraded into aprefecture-level city (the same status asLhasa).[4]
In the eighth century, theTibetan Empire ofTibetan King Chisong Dezan invited Indian monkPadmasambhava into Tibet to build theSamye Mighur Lhundrub Tsula Khang, passing through the place of Rikaze where the practice of preaching, and predicated Lhasa as the center of snowy plateau followed by Nianmai (Shigatse). In the eleventh century theSakya dynasty, Nianmai has initially begun urbanization.
In October 1959, Rikaze prefecture was established.[5] In 1970, Rikaze Prefecture was abolished and Rikaze District was established.[6] On 26 June 2014, by theState Council of the People's Republic of China agreed, the original Rikaze area abolished, the establishment of prefecture-level Shigatse city, the original county-level Shigatse city merged into theSangzhuzi District. This was the second prefecture-level city established in theTibet Autonomous Region.[7]
On 18 December 2014, prefecture-level Shigatse City was officially established.[8][9]
According to the2020 Chinese census, the resident population of the city was 798,153.[10] Compared to 703,292 in the6th Chinese Census, there was a total increase of 94,861 or 13.49% in ten years, with an average annual growth rate of 1.27%. Among them, the male population was 416,384, accounting for 52.17% of the total population, while the female population was 381,769, accounting for 47.83% of the total population. The sex ratio of the total population (100 females) was 109.07. The population aged 0–14 years was 209,900, accounting for 26.3% of the total population; the population aged 15–59 years was 516,838, accounting for 64.75% of the total population; and the population aged 60 years and above was 71,415, accounting for 8.95% of the total population, of which the population aged 65 years and above was 8.95%. 8.95% of the total population, of which 44,772 were aged 65 and above, accounting for 5.61% of the total population. The population living in towns and cities was 184,323, or 23.09% of the total population, while the population living in villages was 613,830, or 76.91% of the total population.
Of the city's resident population, 42,501, or 5.32%, wereHan Chinese; 748,443, or 93.77%, wereTibetans; and 7,209, or 0.9%, were otherethnic minorities. Compared with the2010 Chinese Census, the Han population increased by 16,691, or 64.67%, and accounted for 1.66 percentage points of the total population; the populations of various ethnic minorities increased by 78,170, or 11.54%, and accounted for 1.66 percentage points of the total population. Among them, the Tibetan population increased by 76,779, an increase of 11.43%, accounting for a decrease of 1.73 percentage points in the proportion of the total population.[10]
| Ethnic Group | Tibetan | Han | Kirghiz | Hui | Unidentified Ethnic Groups | Kazakh | Tu | Dongxiang | Manchu | Hmong | Other Ethnic Groups |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 671664 | 25810 | 2669 | 1434 | 703 | 250 | 162 | 138 | 98 | 66 | 298 |
| Proportion of total population (%) | 95.50 | 3.67 | 0.38 | 0.20 | 0.10 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.04 |
| Proportion of ethnic minority population (%) | 99.14 | --- | 0.39 | 0.21 | 0.10 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.04 |
TheLhasa–Shigatse Railway connectsShigatse Railway Station withLhasa and further connects with Qinghai viaQinghai–Tibet Railway. It takes about three hours to travel between Lhasa and Shigatse by train.It is possible to get back to Lhasa within the same day by train.[12]
Shigatse Peace Airport began operations on 30 October 2010 after anAirbus A319 landed safely, making it Tibet's fifth commercial airport. It is located 43 kilometres fromSamzhubzê District atJangdam Township at an elevation of 3,782 metres. The airport will be capable of supporting 230,000 passengers annually by 2020.[13]
Shigatse Tingri Airport opened in December 2022.[14]
China National Highway 318 andChina National Highway 219 are the main roads in and out of Shigatse.[15][16][17]
| Map | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Tibetan | Wylie | Population(2010 Census) | Area (km2) | Density (/km2) | |||||
| City proper | ||||||||||||
| Samzhubzê District | 桑珠孜区 | Sāngzhūzī Qū | བསམ་འགྲུབ་རྩེ་ཆུས། | bsam 'grub rtse chus | 120,374 | 3,654 | 32.94 | |||||
| Rural | ||||||||||||
| Namling County | 南木林县 | Nánmùlín Xiàn | རྣམ་གླིང་རྫོང་། | rnam gling rdzong | 74,930 | 8,113 | 9.23 | |||||
| Gyantse County | 江孜县 | Jiāngzī Xiàn | རྒྱལ་རྩེ་རྫོང་། | rgyal rtse rdzong | 63,503 | 3,859 | 16.45 | |||||
| Tingri County | 定日县 | Dìngrì Xiàn | དིང་རི་རྫོང་། | ding ri rdzong | 50,818 | 13,859 | 3.66 | |||||
| Sa'gya County | 萨迦县 | Sàjiā Xiàn | ས་སྐྱ་རྫོང་། | sa skya rdzong | 47,304 | 7,510 | 6.29 | |||||
| Lhatse County | 拉孜县 | Lāzī Xiàn | ལྷ་རྩེ་རྫོང་། | lha rtse rdzong | 49,286 | 4,505 | 10.94 | |||||
| Ngamring County | 昂仁县 | Ángrén Xiàn | ངམ་རིང་རྫོང་། | ngam ring rdzong | 51,472 | 20,105 | 2.56 | |||||
| Xaitongmoin County | 谢通门县 | Xiètōngmén Xiàn | བཞད་མཐོང་སྨོན་རྫོང་། | bzhad mthong smon rdzong | 42,280 | 13,960 | 3.02 | |||||
| Bainang County | 白朗县 | Báilǎng Xiàn | པ་སྣམ་རྫོང་། | pa snam rdzong | 42,551 | 2,806 | 15.16 | |||||
| Rinbung County | 仁布县 | Rénbù Xiàn | རིན་སྤུངས་རྫོང་། | rin spungs rdzong | 27,826 | 2,123 | 13.10 | |||||
| Kangmar County | 康马县 | Kāngmǎ Xiàn | ཁང་དམར་རྫོང་། | khang dmar rdzong | 20,522 | 6,165 | 3.32 | |||||
| Dinggyê County | 定结县 | Dìngjié Xiàn | གཏིང་སྐྱེས་རྫོང་། | gding skyes rdzong | 20,319 | 5,816 | 3.49 | |||||
| Zhongba County | 仲巴县 | Zhòngbā Xiàn | འབྲོང་པ་རྫོང་། | 'brong pa rdzong | 22,147 | 43,594 | 0.50 | |||||
| Yadong County | 亚东县 | Yàdōng Xiàn | གྲོ་མོ་རྫོང་། | gro mo rdzong | 12,920 | 4,306 | 3.00 | |||||
| Gyirong County | 吉隆县 | Jílóng Xiàn | སྐྱིད་གྲོང་རྫོང་། | skyid grong rdzong | 14,972 | 9,009 | 1.66 | |||||
| Nyalam County | 聂拉木县 | Nièlāmù Xiàn | གཉའ་ལམ་རྫོང་། | gnya' lam rdzong | 17,568 | 7,903 | 2.22 | |||||
| Saga County | 萨嘎县 | Sàgā Xiàn | ས་དགའ་རྫོང་། | sa dga' rdzong | 14,036 | 12,411 | 1.13 | |||||
| Kamba County | 岗巴县 | Gǎngbā Xiàn | གམ་པ་རྫོང་། | gam pa rdzong | 10,464 | 3,936 | 2.65 | |||||
Shigatse has an elevation-influencedhumid continental climate (Köppen climate classification:Dwb,TrewarthaDclo).
| Climate data for Shigatse, elevation 3,836 m (12,585 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2000) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 18.6 (65.5) | 18.8 (65.8) | 22.9 (73.2) | 23.9 (75.0) | 28.5 (83.3) | 28.2 (82.8) | 28.2 (82.8) | 26.2 (79.2) | 24.4 (75.9) | 22.2 (72.0) | 21.1 (70.0) | 17.3 (63.1) | 28.5 (83.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7.0 (44.6) | 9.0 (48.2) | 12.5 (54.5) | 16.0 (60.8) | 19.9 (67.8) | 22.9 (73.2) | 21.8 (71.2) | 21.0 (69.8) | 20.0 (68.0) | 16.7 (62.1) | 11.9 (53.4) | 8.4 (47.1) | 15.6 (60.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −2.6 (27.3) | 0.5 (32.9) | 4.6 (40.3) | 8.1 (46.6) | 12.0 (53.6) | 15.3 (59.5) | 14.9 (58.8) | 14.1 (57.4) | 12.6 (54.7) | 7.4 (45.3) | 1.2 (34.2) | −2.5 (27.5) | 7.1 (44.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −12.2 (10.0) | −8.9 (16.0) | −4.0 (24.8) | 0.4 (32.7) | 4.5 (40.1) | 8.6 (47.5) | 9.8 (49.6) | 9.2 (48.6) | 6.8 (44.2) | −0.8 (30.6) | −8.0 (17.6) | −11.9 (10.6) | −0.5 (31.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −21.3 (−6.3) | −19.4 (−2.9) | −14.4 (6.1) | −9.5 (14.9) | −4.9 (23.2) | 0.6 (33.1) | 2.2 (36.0) | 0.5 (32.9) | −1.6 (29.1) | −9.8 (14.4) | −15.5 (4.1) | −18.6 (−1.5) | −21.3 (−6.3) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 0.1 (0.00) | 0.4 (0.02) | 0.6 (0.02) | 5.2 (0.20) | 20.7 (0.81) | 66.0 (2.60) | 149.8 (5.90) | 145.2 (5.72) | 52.0 (2.05) | 3.7 (0.15) | 0.5 (0.02) | 0.5 (0.02) | 444.7 (17.51) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 2.6 | 6.1 | 12.6 | 20.2 | 20.7 | 12.5 | 1.8 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 78.4 |
| Average snowy days | 0.6 | 1.2 | 1.7 | 4.3 | 1.6 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 11.1 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 28 | 25 | 25 | 32 | 40 | 50 | 64 | 68 | 61 | 44 | 34 | 33 | 42 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 260.4 | 244.0 | 280.0 | 278.5 | 301.8 | 278.6 | 227.4 | 222.5 | 247.5 | 286.3 | 276.5 | 267.8 | 3,171.3 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 80 | 77 | 75 | 72 | 71 | 67 | 54 | 55 | 68 | 82 | 87 | 84 | 73 |
| Source 1:China Meteorological Administration[18][19] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weather China[20] | |||||||||||||
Shigatse (Xigazê) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| County-level divisions |
| | |||||||||
| Settlements | |||||||||||
| Landmarks | |||||||||||
| Geography |
| ||||||||||
| Transport | |||||||||||
| Economy & Development | |||||||||||
| Hotels & Parks | |||||||||||
| Sciences | |||||||||||
| Cultures | |||||||||||
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
