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Wolfgang Paul

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
German physicist
This article is about the German physicist. For the Austrian-Swiss physicist who received the Nobel Prize in 1945, seeWolfgang Pauli. For the German footballer, seeWolfgang Paul (footballer).
Wolfgang Paul
Born(1913-08-10)10 August 1913
Died7 December 1993(1993-12-07) (aged 80)
NationalityGerman
Alma materTechnical University of Munich
Technische Universität Berlin
University of Göttingen
Known forIon traps
Quadrupole mass analyzer
AwardsNobel Prize in Physics (1989)
UNSW Dirac Medal (1992)
Scientific career
FieldsPhysics
InstitutionsUniversity of Bonn
University of Kiel
Doctoral advisorHans Kopfermann
Notes
He humorously referred toWolfgang Pauli as his "imaginary part".[1]

Wolfgang Paul (German pronunciation:[ˈvɔlfɡaŋˈpaʊ̯l]; 10 August 1913 – 7 December 1993) was a Germanphysicist, who co-developed the non-magnetic quadrupole mass filter which laid the foundation for what is now called anion trap.[2] He shared one-half of theNobel Prize in Physics in 1989 for this work withHans Georg Dehmelt; the other half of the Prize in that year was awarded toNorman Foster Ramsey, Jr.

Early life

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Wolfgang Paul was born on 10 August 1913 inLorenzkirch,Germany. He grew up in Munich where his father was a professor ofpharmaceutical chemistry. After the first few years at theTechnical University of Munich, he changed toTechnische Universität Berlin in 1934 where he finished his Diploma in 1937 at the group ofHans Geiger. He followed his doctorate adviserHans Kopfermann to theUniversity of Kiel, and after being drafted to the air force, he finished his PhD in 1940 atTechnische Universität Berlin.

DuringWorld War II, he researchedisotope separation, which is necessary to producefissionable material for use in makingnuclear weapons.

Academic career

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For several years, he was a private lecturer at theUniversity of Göttingen with Hans Kopfermann. He became a professor ofExperimental Physics at theUniversity of Bonn and stayed there from 1952 until 1993. For two years, from 1965 to 1967, he was director of the Division ofNuclear Physics atCERN. In 1970, he spent some weeks as Morris Loeb lecturer atHarvard University. He lectured in 1978 as distinguished scientist at the FERMI Institute of theUniversity of Chicago and in a similar position atThe University of Tokyo. From 1981, he was Professor Emeritus at theBonn University.

Scientific results

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He developed techniques for trapping charged particles in mass spectrometry by electric quadrupole fields in the 1950s.[3]Paul traps are used extensively today to contain and study ions. He developedmolecular beam lenses and worked on a 500 MeV electron synchrotron, followed by one at 2500 MeV in 1965. Later he worked on containing slow neutrons in magnetic storage rings, measuring the free neutron lifetime.

He humorously referred toWolfgang Pauli as hisimaginary part if their surnames were considered as complex numbers.[4]

Göttingen Manifesto

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In 1957, Paul was a signatory of theGöttingen Manifesto, a declaration of 18 leading nuclear scientists of West Germany against arming the West German army withtactical nuclear weapons.

Sons

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His sonStephan Paul is a professor of experimental physics at theTechnical University of Munich. His sonLorenz Paul is a professor of physics at theUniversity of Wuppertal.

Works

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References

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  1. ^Gerald E. Brown and Chang-Hwan Lee (2006):Hans Bethe and His Physics, World Scientific,ISBN 981-256-610-4,p. 338
  2. ^Toschek, Peter E. (July 1994)."Obituary: Wolfgang Paul".Physics Today.47 (7):76–77.Bibcode:1994PhT....47g..76T.doi:10.1063/1.2808585.
  3. ^Paul, Wolfgang (1990). "Electromagnetic traps for charged and neutral particles".Reviews of Modern Physics.62 (3):531–540.Bibcode:1990RvMP...62..531P.CiteSeerX 10.1.1.487.6288.doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.62.531.ISSN 0034-6861.
  4. ^Gerald Edward Brown; Chang-Hwan Lee (2006).Hans Bethe and His Physics. World Scientific. pp. 47–.ISBN 978-981-256-609-6.

External links

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Wikiquote has quotations related toWolfgang Paul.
Scholia has anauthor profile forWolfgang Paul.
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