| Woccon | |
|---|---|
| Waccamaw | |
| Native to | United States |
| Region | North Carolina |
| Ethnicity | WocconWaccamaw[1] |
| Extinct | early 18th century |
| Revival | 2000s |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | xwc |
xwc | |
| Glottolog | wocc1242 |
| Linguasphere | 64-ABA-aa |
 Original distribution of the Woccon language | |
Woccon was one of twoCatawban (also known as Eastern Siouan) languages of what is now theEastern United States. Together with theWestern Siouan languages, they formed theSiouan language family. It is attested only in a vocabulary of 143 words, printed in a 1709 compilation by English colonistJohn Lawson of Carolina.[2] The Woccon people that Lawson encountered have been considered by scholars to have been a late subdivision of theWaccamaw.[1]
The Woccon are believed to have been decimated as a people during theTuscarora War in the Carolinas with English colonists in 1713. Survivors were likely absorbed into theTuscarora, an Iroquoian-speaking people. Most of the Tuscarora migrated north to New York, settling with the five nations of theIroquois Confederacy by 1722 and being accepted as the sixth. Under these pressures, the Woccon language is believed to have become extinct in the eighteenth century. Some descendants of partial Woccon ancestry survive in the Southeast as well as Canada, where the Six Nations of the Iroquois migrated after the American Revolutionary War.[3]
In 2021 theLiving Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages assisted the Cape Fear Band of Skarure and Woccon Indians in North Carolina to build a 'Living Dictionary' for Woccon as part of an effort to revive the language.[4] This group is notstate-recognized orfederally recognized as being descended from theCape Fear,Tuscarora, or theWaccamaw.[5][6][7]
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Some lexical items in the Woccon language are presented below.
| Woccon | English |
|---|---|
| atter | Swan |
| aucummato | I remember it |
| auhaun | Goose |
| auher | Raccon skin |
| caure | Dead |
| coosauk | Peas |
| cose | Corn |
| cotsau | Spoon |
| cotsoo | Bowl |
| cutaune | That’s all |
| ejau | Water |
| ekoocromon | Bag |
| eppesyau | a louse |
| erroco | peak |
| hannatockore | Fox skin |
| homine | Grits |
| hooheh | Pine tree |
| iketau | Beard |
| intom | Tobacco pipe |
| intome-poshwa | Hat |
| ish-shto | Six |
| ishewounaup | a cubit length |
| itte teraugh | Hard or heavy |
| itto | Moss |
| katitchhei | Thief |
| kittape | Tomorrow |
| matt-teer | Flints |
| monwittetau | Alligator |
| mothei | Give it to me |
| nam-mee | Three |
| nau hou hoore ene | I sell you goods very cheap |
| nommewarraup u | Swine |
| nommis-shau | Seven |
| noonkosho | Gun lock |
| noppinjure | Cow |
| num-perre | Two |
| nupshau | Eight |
| ouke | House |
| ourka | Bear skin |
| poppe | Head |
| punnum-punne | Four |
| quauke | Will you go along with me |
| rauhau | Dressed skin |
| reheshiawa | Afraid |
| rhooeyau | a flap |
| roamore | King |
| rockcumne | Mad |
| roo-iune | Blankets |
| roocheha | Angry |
| rooe-pau | Garden tool |
| rooeso possoo | Stockings |
| rooeyam | Gunpowder |
| rooeyaukitte | Breeches (britches, trousers that go to the knee |
| rookeppa | Basket |
| roosemme | Soft |
| rum-¥up | She |
| rumminshau | Goat |
| rummissauwoune | Buttom |
| sacketoome possma | Comb |
| sauhau | Let it alone |
| sek | Lightwood |
| soccon | Mink |
| soone-nomme | Twelve |
| soone-noponne | Ten |
| soppe | Feather |
| soppepepor | a mat |
| tacca-pitteneer | shirt |
| tau-unta winnik | Axe |
| tauh-he | Dog |
| teep | Raw skin undressed |
| tire kiro | Wolf |
| tockoor | Scissors and tobacco |
| tonne | One |
| tonne hauk pea | Eleven |
| tontarinte | How many |
| too-she | Smoke |
| trawhe | Rope |
| tumme | Hair |
| uu-coone | Tobacco |
| watt | Canoe |
| wattape | gourd or bottle |
| wattapi untakeer | Star |
| wattau | Panther skin |
| wauk | Potatoes |
| waukhaway | Day |
| waurepa | I’m sick |
| waurraupa | White |
| wawawa | Snow |
| webtau | Five |
| wee | Knife |
| wee-keshoo | Shoes |
| week | Shot |
| week-kau | Bell |
| weekwonne | Reed |
| weetipsa | Fishgig (a fish spear having two or more prongs) |
| weihere | Nine |
| welka | Duck |
| wetkes | Otter |
| whooyeonne | Paint |
| winnop | twenty |
| wintsohore | Englishman |
| wisto | Fawn skin |
| wittapare | Sun or moon |
| wittape | Gun |
| wonsh-shee | Needle |
| wunneau | Crab |
| yacunne | Fish |
| yantoha | Night |
| yau-hauk | Snake |
| yauh | Path |
| yauka | a little while ago |
| yauta | Turkey |
| yawowa | Rain |
| yecanau | Wife |
| yehau | Sqirrel skin |
| yendare | Fat |
| yenwetoa | Horse |
| yenxauhe | Brother |
| yicau | Old women |
| ynpyupseunne | rundlet (a small barrel that contains a certain amount of liquid) |
| yonne | Peaches |
| yopoonitsa | Box |
| yottoha | Yesterday |
| yuncor | Wind |
| yuppa me | Go you |
| ¥ah-teshtea | Black |
| ¥au | Fire |
| ¥auta | Red |
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