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William O'Dwyer | |
|---|---|
 O'Dwyer in 1943 | |
| 100thMayor of New York City[1] | |
| In office January 1, 1946 – August 31, 1950 | |
| Preceded by | Fiorello H. La Guardia |
| Succeeded by | Vincent R. Impellitteri |
| Kings County District Attorney | |
| In office January 1, 1940 – August 1, 1945 | |
| Preceded by | William F.X. Geoghan |
| Succeeded by | George J. Beldock |
| United States Ambassador to Mexico | |
| In office November 23, 1950 – December 6, 1952 | |
| Appointed by | Harry S. Truman |
| Preceded by | Walter C. Thurston |
| Succeeded by | Francis White |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1890-07-11)July 11, 1890 Bohola,County Mayo, Ireland |
| Died | November 24, 1964(1964-11-24) (aged 74) New York City, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouses | |
| Relations | Paul O'Dwyer (brother) Brian O'Dwyer (nephew) Frank Durkan (nephew) |
| Alma mater | Fordham University Law School |
| Profession | Attorney |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  United States |
| Branch/service |  United States Army |
| Years of service | 1942–1945 |
| Rank |  Brigadier General |
| Battles/wars | World War II |
| Awards | Legion of Merit |
William O'Dwyer (July 11, 1890 – November 24, 1964) was an Irish-American politician who served as the 100thMayor of New York City, holding that office from 1946 to 1950. O'Dwyer went on to serve PresidentHarry Truman as Ambassador to Mexico from 1950–1952. O'Dwyer began his political career by serving as the Kings County District Attorney from 1940–45. His brotherPaul O'Dwyer served as President of the City Council from 1973–77, and his nephewBrian O'Dwyer was appointed by GovernorKathy Hochul asNew York State Gaming Commission Chair in 2022.
O'Dwyer was born inBohola,County Mayo, Ireland and studied atSt. Nathys College,Ballaghaderreen,County Roscommon. In 1907, O'Dwyer began to study for the priesthood at thePontifical University of Salamanca, aJesuit seminary in Spain,[2] where he became fluent inSpanish.[3] He later decided not to join the clergy, and emigrated to the United States in 1910.[2] He sailed to New York as a steerage passenger on board the linerPhiladelphia and was inspected at Ellis Island on June 27, 1910. He first worked as a laborer, then as aNew York City police officer, while studying law at night atFordham University Law School. He received his degree in 1923 and then built up a successful practice before serving as a Kings County (Brooklyn) Court judge. He won election as theKings County District Attorney in November 1939[4] and his prosecution of the organized crime syndicate known asMurder, Inc. made him a national celebrity.
After losing the mayoral election toFiorello La Guardia in 1941, O'Dwyer joined theUnited States Army forWorld War II, achieving the rank ofbrigadier general as a member of the Allied Commission for Italy and executive director of theWar Refugee Board, for which he received theLegion of Merit.[5] During that time, he was on leave from his elected position as district attorney and replaced by his chief assistant,Thomas Cradock Hughes, and was re-elected in November 1943.
In 1945, O'Dwyer received the support ofTammany Hall leader Edward V. Loughlin, won theDemocratic nomination, and then easily won the mayoral election. At his inauguration, O'Dwyer celebrated to the song, "It's a Great Day for the Irish", and addressed the 700 people gathered in Council Chambers atCity Hall: "It is our high purpose to devote our whole time, our whole energy to do good work...." He established the Office of City Construction Coordinator, appointingPark CommissionerRobert Moses to the post, worked to have the permanent home of theUnited Nations located in Manhattan, presided over the first billion-dollar New York City budget, created a traffic department and raised thesubway fare from five cents to ten cents. In 1948, O'Dwyer receivedThe Hundred Year Association of New York's Gold Medal Award "in recognition of outstanding contributions to the City of New York." In 1948, he received the epithets "Whirling Willie" and "Flip-Flop Willie" from U.S. RepresentativeVito Marcantonio of the oppositionAmerican Labor Party while the latter was campaigning forHenry A. Wallace.[6]
Shortly after his re-election to the mayoralty in 1949, O'Dwyer was confronted with a police corruption scandal uncovered by theKings County District Attorney, Miles McDonald. O'Dwyer resigned from office on August 31, 1950. Upon his resignation, he was given a ticker tape parade up Broadway'sCanyon of Heroes in the borough of Manhattan. PresidentHarry Truman appointed himU.S. Ambassador to Mexico. He returned toNew York City in 1951 to answer questions concerning his association with organized crime figures and the accusations followed him for the rest of his life. He resigned as ambassador on December 6, 1952, but remained in Mexico until 1960.[7]
He helped organize the first Israel Day Parade,[8] along with New York's Jewish community.
O'Dwyer died in New York City on November 24, 1964, inBeth Israel Hospital, aged 74, from heart failure.[9][10] His funeral mass was held atSt. Patrick's Cathedral on November 27,[11] and he was interred atArlington National Cemetery, Section 2, Grave 889-A-RH.[12]
In 1916, O'Dwyer married Catherine Lenihan, whom he met while he was working as a bartender at theVanderbilt Hotel[13] and she was employed as one of the Vanderbilt's telephone switchboard operators.[2] They had no children, and she was in ill health for many years before her death in 1946.[14] Her funeral was originally planned forSt. Joseph's Church in theYorkville neighborhood of Manhattan, where she and her husband were members.[15] The large number of attendees resulted in a move to St. Patrick's Cathedral, where the service was presided over by CardinalFrancis Spellman.[15]
On December 20, 1949, O'Dwyer marriedElizabeth Sloan Simpson at St. Joseph's Catholic Church inStuart, Florida.[16] They divorced in 1953,[17] but remained close, and Simpson attended O'Dwyer's funeral in 1964.[18]
Media related toWilliam O'Dwyer at Wikimedia Commons
| Legal offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | Kings County District Attorney 1940–1945 | Succeeded by |
| Party political offices | ||
| Preceded by | Democratic Nominee for Mayor of New York City 1941, 1945, 1949 | Succeeded by |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by | Mayor of New York City 1946–1950 | Succeeded by |
| Diplomatic posts | ||
| Preceded by | United States Ambassador to Mexico 1950–1952 | Succeeded by |
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| International | |
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| National | |
| People | |
| Other | |
