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Western Plains Dogon

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Dialect group
Western Plains Dogon
Kan Dogon
RegionMali,Burkina Faso
Native speakers
(260,000 cited 1998)[1]
Niger–Congo?
  • Dogon
    • Plains
      • Western Plains Dogon
Dialects
  • Tomo Kan
  • Tengu Kan
  • Togo Kan
Language codes
ISO 639-3Either:
dtm – Tomo Kan
dtk – Tene Kan
Glottologwest2508

TheDogon dialects of the western plains below theBandiagara Escarpment inMali aremutually intelligible. They are sometimes called theKan Dogon because they use the wordkan (also spelled) for varieties of speech. The dialects are:

  • Tomo kã
  • Teŋu kã
  • Togo kã

The latter two are traditionally subsumed under the nameTene kã (Tene Kan, Tene Tingi), but Hochstetler separates them because the three varieties are about equidistant.

There are a quarter million speakers of these dialects, about evenly split between Tomo Kan and Tene Kan, making this the most populous of the Dogon languages. There are a few Tomo-speaking villages just across the border in Burkina Faso.

Phonology

[edit]

Consonants

[edit]
Tomo-Kan consonants[2]
LabialAlveolarPalatalVelarGlottal
Stop/
Affricate
voicelessptt͡ʃkʔ
voiced/nasalbdd͡ʒgʔ̃
Fricativevoiceless(ɸ)sh
voiced(z)
Nasalmnɲŋ
Tapɾ
Approximantcentralwlj
nasal()
  • Consonant germination also occurs frequently among sounds[kːtː].
  • /z/ can only occur among loanwords.
  • /ɸ/ is interchangeable with/h/.
Togo-Kan consonants[3]
LabialAlveolarPalatalVelarGlottal
Stop/
Affricate
voicelesspt(t͡ʃ)k(ʔ)
voicedbdd͡ʒg
Fricative(f)s(ɣ)(h)
Nasalmnɲŋ
Tapcentralɾ
nasalɾ̃
Approximantcentralwlj
nasal
  • Consonant sound/t͡ʃ/ only rarely occurs and in almost absent.
  • Consonant sounds[zʃʒ] are absent, except in loanwords.
  • /ɡ/ can be realized as a fricative[ɣ] between vowel sounds/aɔ/.
  • Sounds[fh] only occur from loanwords, and are interchangeable.
  • Glottal sound[ʔ] can only occur as an element in some reduplicated forms of vowel-initial words, or between vowels within a word.

Vowels

[edit]
OralNasal
FrontBackFrontBack
Closeiuĩĩːũũː
Close-mideoẽːõõː
Open-midɛɛːɔɔːɛ̃ɛ̃ːɔ̃ɔ̃ː
Openaããː
  • In Tomo Kan, an extra central vowel sound[ʉ] is also attested possibly as a result of/i/ preceding a nasalised segment or a/u/. It may also regularly be pronounced as[u] as well.[2]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Tomo Kan atEthnologue (18th ed., 2015)(subscription required)
    Tene Kan atEthnologue (18th ed., 2015)(subscription required)
  2. ^abDyachkov, Vadim (2019).A Grammar of Tomo Kan Dogon.
  3. ^Heath, Jeffrey (2015).A Grammar of Togo Kan. University of Michigan.
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