| Waxworks | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Directed by | |
| Screenplay by | Henrik Galeen[1] |
| Starring | |
| Cinematography | Helmar Lerski[1] |
Production company | Neptun-Film AG[1] |
| Distributed by | UFA[1] |
Release dates |
|
| Country | Germany[1] |
Waxworks (German:Das Wachsfigurenkabinett) is a 1924 Germansilentanthology film directed byPaul Leni. Its stories are linked by a plot thread about a writer (William Dieterle) who accepts a job from awaxworks proprietor to write a series of stories about the exhibits ofCaliph of Baghdad (Emil Jannings),Ivan the Terrible (Conrad Veidt) andJack the Ripper (Werner Krauss) in order to boost business.
A young nameless poet (Dieterle) enters awax museum where the proprietor works in the company of his daughter Eva (Olga Belajeff [de]). The proprietor hires the poet to write a back-story for his wax models ofHarun al-Rashid (Jannings),Ivan the Terrible (Veidt), andJack the Ripper (Krauss) in order to draw an audience to the museum. With his daughter by his side, the poet notices that the arm of Harun al-Rashid is missing and writes a story incorporating the missing arm.
The poet sees himself in his story as a pie baker, Assad, where he lives with his wife Maimune (played by Olga Belajeff) directly by the walls of the palace where Harun Al-Rashid lives. Smoke from Assad's bakery covers the front of the palace, where Al-Rashid loses a game ofchess, leading him to want the head of the baker. He sends his Grand Vizier to find the man, Assad, but in doing so, he finds Assad's wife with whom he is enchanted. After being captivated by her beauty and also captivating her with his status among the royals, he returns to tell Al-Rashid that he does not have the baker's head but rather something better – news about the baker's wife. Al-Rashid then resolves to go out that night, incognito, and visit the beauty. When he steals away from his castle, the ruler witnesses an argument between the jealous Assad and Maimune, who both seem dissatisfied with their poverty-laden life. Assad then says he will rob Al-Rashid's wishing ring to solve their problems.
While Al-Rashid visits the bakery that night, Assad slips into the palace to steal the wishing ring from the finger of Al-Rashid by slicing his arm off (later it is revealed to be only a wax figurine). He is spotted by the palace guards and is chased to the rooftops where he escapes. Meanwhile, unbeknownst to him, the real Al-Rashid is in Assad's house trying to impress his wife. The returning Assad penetrates the locked house by force, while Maimune hides Al-Rashid in the baking-oven. The guards rush in to arrest Assad for the attack at the palace, but Assad's wife uses the wishing ring to wish that Al-Rashid spring forth unharmed, as he secretly comes out of the oven. She then wishes that Assad be named the official baker for Al-Rashid. Her wish is granted and the couple come under the caliph's protection. (40 minutes)
The second episode, treated in a slower and more somber vein, deals with theCzar ofRussia,Ivan the Terrible, whom the poet describes as making 'cities into cemeteries'. The czar takes physical delight in watching his victims die, after poisoning them. Ivan's "Poison-Mixer" writes the name of the victim on an hour glass, and once they are poisoned, the glass is turned over, the man dying just as the last sand falls. The Poison-Mixer, who has taken pity on one of the victims, is singled out by Ivan as the next to be poisoned. But, unseen, the Poison-Mixer writes "ZAR IWAN" on the next hourglass. Ivan is supposed to attend the wedding of a nobleman's son; paranoid that he is being targeted, dresses the nobleman as himself, and drives the sleigh to the wedding. There, the nobleman is killed with an arrow, and his daughter (Eva) and her bridegroom (the poet) are in shock as Ivan takes over their festivities, eventually absconding with her and holding the groom in his torture chamber. On the wedding night, Ivan hears that he has been poisoned, and races to the torture chamber to reverse his fate by turning the hour-glass over; he does it again and again, and the final title says that Ivan 'became mad and turned the glass over and over til the end of his days.' (37 minutes)
After the poet finishes the last two stories, he wakes up to find that the wax model ofJack the Ripper has come to life (the character’s name was changed to that of Victorian urban-legend characterSpring-heeled Jack in British prints to pass theBritish Board of Film Censors, who felt referring to and depicting a real mass murderer was offensive). Jack stalks both the poet and the waxworks owner's daughter. The Poet and the girl flee but find that they can't escape Jack through the dark, twisted halls of the museum. As Jack draws close enough, multiple versions of him appear, and as his knife begins to slash, it provokes the poet to wake up to realize that the last experience was a dream. (6 minutes)
Waxworks was shot between June and September 1923.[1] It was initially going to include a fourth story of Rinaldo Rinaldini based on the character fromChristian August Vulpius.'s novel.The character was to be played byWilliam Dieterle and he would be portrayed as the hero of the story.[2] These sequences were set to be shot on location in Italy in 1923.[3]
General consensus ofWaxworks is that it was primarily a prototype of thehorror film.[4] Joel Westerdale discussed thisThe German Quarterly, Westerdale wrote that despite the bleak synopsis, the film had substantial comedic material such as the Baghdad themed film which was the longest in running time compared to the more grim Ivan the Terrible and Jack the Ripper sequences.[5] Westerdale concluded that the film predominantly attempts to provoke laughter over fear.[6] Contemporary reviews noted the humorous elements in the film as well, with one critic noting its different stories gave the film aBric-à-brac feeling.[7]
Waxworks was shown in Austria on October 6, 1924.[1] It premiered in Berlin on November 13, 1924 at the U.T. Kurfurstendamm. At the screening, the film was structured differently, starting with the Ivan the Terrible sequence, followed by the Jack the Ripper sequence which was an interlude before the Harun al Rashid sequence.[2]
The version seen in issues circulated today follows Galeen's original script which Leni had organized the film by a month after the German premiere.[2]
The film survives only in 35mm export prints.
Kino International releasedWaxworks onDVD in 2002. This edition has been mastered from a restoration print produced by theCineteca di Bologna, with restoration lab work by L’Immagine Retrovata. English language intertitles from a 1924 British print have been inserted for this edition. (These give the name of the baker's wife as Zarah. The other characters played by Belajeff are not named.) The film runs 83 minutes and is accompanied by a piano score composed and performed by Jon C. Mirsalis.[8]
A 2019 restoration undertaken by theDeutsche Kinemathek, Fondazione Cineteca di Bologna and L’Immagine Ritrovata was released onBlu-ray in November 2020.[8]
In 2013, vocalistMike Patton and three percussionists: Matthias Bossi,Scott Amendola, andWilliam Winant, performed a live score for thesilent film,[9] the performance of which was filmed.[10]
