Wage Rudolf Soepratman | |
|---|---|
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| Born | Wage Rudolf Soepratman (1903-03-09)9 March 1903[1] |
| Died | 17 August 1938(1938-08-17) (aged 35) Soerabaja, Dutch East Indies |
| Resting place | Kapas Public Cemetery, Surabaya,East Java |
| Nationality | Indonesian |
| Occupation | Composer |
| Parent(s) | Djoemeno Senen Sastrosoehardjo alias Abdoelmoein (father) Siti Senen (mother) |
Wage Rudolf Soepratman (Wage Soepratman in the old orthography, commonly known asW. R. Supratman; 9 March 1903 – 17 August 1938) was an Indonesian journalist and songwriter who wrote both the lyrics and melody of thenational anthem of Indonesia, "Indonesia Raya". He is an Indonesiannational hero.
W.R. Soepratman's father was Sergeant Djoemeno Senen Sastrosoehardjo, aKNIL soldier, and his mother was Siti Senen. Soepratman was born Wage on 9 March 1903 inJatinegara,Jakarta.[2] Several months later, his father added Soepratman to his name and explained that he was born inMeester Cornelis,Batavia. Soepratman was the seventh of nine children. His eldest sibling was Rukiyem Supratiyah van Eldik.
At the age of 6, he entered Budi Utomo elementary school in Cimahi. After his father retired, Wage followed his sister Rukiyem toMakassar, where he began attending aEuropeesche Lagere School (ELS) in 1914.[3] It was then when Rudolf was added to his name, so that his rights would be equal to the Dutch.[4] However, he was asked to leave the school after it was revealed that he was not of European descent.[5] He continued his studies in a Malay language school. After returning home, he learned to play guitar and violin. His brother-in-law,Willem Mauritius van Eldik, gave him a violin as a seventeenth birthday present in 1920. After graduating from Malay language school in 1917, Wage attended Dutch language courses and graduated in 1919.[5] He continued toNormal School, or Teachers' College, and became an auxiliary teacher in Makassar after he graduated.[6]
In 1920, he and van Eldik founded a jazz-styled band, called Black & White. He played the violin. They performed at weddings and birthday parties in Makassar.[7]
Beginning in July 1933, Wage started to feel ill. In November 1933, he resigned as a journalist atSin Po and settled first in Cimahi, thenPalembang, and finally inSurabaya. On 17 August 1938, he died at 01.00 a.m. and was buried in Kenjeran, Surabaya. On 13 March 1956, his remains were moved to Tambak Segaran Wetan cemetery.[8]
Wage composed both the music and lyrics for the song "Indonesia Raya", which later became Indonesia'snational anthem. It was introduced during theSecond Indonesian Youth Congress on 28 October 1928. The song was quickly adopted bySukarno'sPNI.[9]
In 1929, the prominent Indonesian businessman and record executiveTio Tek Hong contacted Supratman; the two agreed to issue the first records of the anthem with Supratman retaining its copyright.[10][11] The new records were extremely popular, but in 1930 the Dutch colonial authorities placed a ban on the song and confiscated all remaining unsold records.[10] The text was revised in November 1944, and the melody arranged to its present musical form in 1958.
The government awarded Wage theNational Hero title and theBintang Mahaputra Utama kelas III in 1971.[8] Several Indonesian cities and towns have named streets after Wage, usually referred to as Jalan WR Soepratman.[12]
Wage belonged to theAhmadiyya Muslim Community.[13][14][15][16] He was buried in a Muslim ceremony[17][18][19] in Kapas Public Cemetery,Tambaksari, Surabaya.[20]
Wage Rudolf Soepratman-Meluruskan Sejarah dan Riwayat Hidup Pencipta Lagu Kebangsaan Repweb
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