Volosovsky District Волосовский район | |
|---|---|
 Khyulgyuzi area in Volosovsky District | |
.png) Flag .png) Coat of arms | |
 Location of Volosovsky District in Leningrad Oblast | |
| Coordinates:59°27′N29°29′E / 59.450°N 29.483°E /59.450; 29.483 | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Leningrad Oblast[1] |
| Established | August 1, 1927[2] |
| Administrative center | Volosovo[1] |
| Area | |
• Total | 2,700 km2 (1,000 sq mi) |
| Population | |
• Total | 49,443 |
| • Density | 18/km2 (47/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 24.6% |
| • Rural | 75.4% |
| Administrative structure | |
| • Administrative divisions | 15settlement municipal formation |
| • Inhabited localities[1] | 1cities/towns, 202rural localities |
| Municipal structure | |
| • Municipally incorporated as | Volosovsky Municipal District[5] |
| • Municipal divisions[5] | 1 urban settlements, 15 rural settlements |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (MSK  [6]) |
| OKTMO ID | 41606000 |
| Website | http://волосовскийрайон.рф/ |
Volosovsky District (Russian:Во́лосовский райо́н) is an administrative[1] and municipal[5] district (raion), one of theseventeen inLeningrad Oblast,Russia. It is located in the southwest of theoblast withLomonosovsky District in the north,Gatchinsky District in the east,Luzhsky District in the south,Slantsevsky District in the southwest, andKingiseppsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 2,700 square kilometers (1,000 sq mi).[3] Itsadministrative center is thetown ofVolosovo.[1] Population:49,443 (2010 Census);[4] 48,128 (2002 Census);[7]46,908 (1989 Soviet census).[8] The population of Volosovo accounts for 24.6% of the district's total population.[4]
The area of the district is basically flat. Much of the area belongs to thedrainage basin of theLuga River. The Luga itself forms the southern border of the district. Rivers in the minor areas in the north of the district drain into other tributaries of theGulf of Finland. The biggest such tributary in the area of the district is theSista.
Originally, the area of the district was populated byFinnic peoples, eventually, the Slavs began arriving. After the 9th century, the area was dependent on theNovgorod Republic. From the 15th century, it was annexed together with all Novgorod Lands by theGrand Duchy of Moscow; it belonged to theVodskaya pyatina, one of the fivepyatinas of Novgorod Lands. The area was constantly at the frontier and became the battleground between Germans and Swedes, on one side, and Russians, on the other side. In 1617, according to theTreaty of Stolbovo, the west of the area was transferred to Sweden, and in 1703, during theGreat Northern War, it was conquered back by Russia.[9]
In the course of theadministrative reform carried out in 1708 byPeter the Great, the area was included into Ingermanland Governorate (known since 1710 asSaint Petersburg Governorate). It was later split betweenYamburgsky andPetergofsky Uyezds.[9] The governorate was renamed Petrograd in 1914 and Leningrad in 1924. In May 1922, Yamburgsky Uyezd was renamed Kingiseppsky. On February 14, 1923 Petergofsky Uyezd was merged withDetskoselsky Uyezd to formGatchinsky Uyezd, with the administrative center located inGatchina.[10] On February 14, 1923 Gatchina was renamed Trotsk, and Gatchinsky Uyezd was renamed Trotsky Uyezd, afterLeon Trotsky.[11]
On August 1, 1927, the uyezds were abolished and Volosovsky District, with the administrative center in the settlement of Volosovo, was established. The governorates were also abolished, and the district was a part ofLeningrad Okrug ofLeningrad Oblast. It included parts of formerTrotsky andKingiseppsky Uyezds. On April 20, 1930Kikerino was granted urban-type settlement status, and Volosovo became a suburban settlement. On July 23, 1930, the okrugs were abolished as well, and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast. On July 5, 1937 Volosovo was made an urban-type settlement. Between August 1941 and January 1944, duringWorld War II, the district was occupied byGerman troops. On February 1, 1963 Volosovsky District was abolished and merged into Kingiseppsky District; on January 13, 1965 it was reestablished.[2] It remained the last district of Leningrad Oblast with the administrative center not having the town status until April 14, 1999, when Volosovo was granted town status.[3] On June 29, 2004 Kikerino was downgraded to a rural locality.[12]
On August 1, 1927Osminsky District with the administrative center in theselo ofOsmino was established as well. It was a part ofLuga Okrug of Leningrad Oblast. It included areas which were previously parts of Gdovsky,Luzhsky, and Kingiseppsky Uyezds. On July 23, 1930, the okrugs were abolished, and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast. Between March 22, 1935 and September 19, 1940, Osminsky District was a part ofKingisepp Okrug of Leningrad Oblast, one of the okrugs abutting the state boundaries of the Soviet Union. Between August 1941, and February 1944, Osminsky District was occupied by German troops. On August 2, 1961 Osminsky District was abolished and split between Slantsevsky and Volosovsky Districts.[13] After the abortive administrative reform of the 1960s, its territory became split between Slantsevsky, Volosovsky, Luzhsky, and Kingiseppsky Districts.[2]
Another district created on August 1, 1927 wasMoloskovitsky District with the administrative center in the village ofMoloskovitsy. It was a part of Leningrad Okrug of Leningrad Oblast and included areas which were previously part of Kingiseppsky Uyezd. On September 20, 1931 Moloskovitsky District was abolished and merged into Volosovsky District.[14]
Timber industry is an important branch of economy of the district.[3] Additionally, there are alimestone plant and a road metal plant, as well as the Gornporcelain and ceramic works, a dairy mill, and Russia's leading mixedfeed mill — theAgrofirma Volosovo.
The main agricultural specializations of the district aredairy farming,potato growing, and perennial herbs seed production.[3]
The railway connecting Saint Petersburg (Baltiysky railway station) withTallinn viaNarva crosses the district from east to west. The principal stations within the district are Volosovo andKikerino.
TheA180 highway, connecting Saint Petersburg andIvangorod, crosses the northern part of the district. It coincides with theEuropean route E20 connecting Saint Petersburg viaTallinn withShannon Airport. Volosovo has access to M11, and is also connected by roads withGatchina andKingisepp. There are local roads as well.
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The district contains eight cultural heritage monuments of federal significance and additionally 155 objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance.[15] The federal monuments are the ensemble of postal station in the village ofChirkovitsy, the estate in the village ofKaskovo, as well as the pole in the village ofYablonitsy which lists the population of the village as of the 1870s.
The estate of the Russian artist and philosopher,Nicholas Roerich, was located in the village ofIzvara. It is currently preserved as a museum and is the only state museum in the district.[16]