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Vincenzo orVincenzio Gamba (1606–1649), laterVincenzo Galilei (1619), was theillegitimate son ofGalileo Galilei (1564–1642) and his mistressMarina Gamba (1570–1612). Vincenzo was legitimated to his father in 1619. Like his grandfatherVincenzo Galilei, the younger Vincenzo became alutenist.
Vincenzio was born inPadua like his two sisters: Virginia (1600–1634) (later SisterMaria Celeste) and Livia (1601–1659) (later Sister Arcangela).
He was named afterhis grandfather. In 1619, after his mother's death in 1612, his birth was legitimized by theGrand Duke of Tuscany. As a consequence, the names of the older and youngerVincenzo Galilei became identical, sometimes leading to confusion in biographies.
Vincenzo was particularly gifted in poetry, music, and mechanics. His father encouraged him to study law in Pisa, entrusting him toBenedetto Castelli (1577/1578–1643).
In 1629, he married Sestilia Bocchineri (c. 1610–1669). After his marriage, he quarreled with his father over money. Their relationship later improved and Vincenzo lovingly assisted his father in the last, difficult years of Galileo's life, and helped Galileo build his newly inventedescapement.
Galileo's student and biographer,Vincenzo Viviani (1622–1703) mentions Vincenzo Galilei's skill as inventor of musical instruments and in particular his construction of a "lute made with such art that, playing it so excellently, he extracted continuous and goliardic voices from the cords as if they were issuing from an organ's pipes...".[1]
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