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| Alternative name | Villa della Via Tuscolana |
|---|---|
| Location | Rome,Italy |
| Region | Lazio |
| Coordinates | 41°50′33.714″N12°34′33.850″E / 41.84269833°N 12.57606944°E /41.84269833; 12.57606944 |
| History | |
| Periods | Roman Imperial |
| Cultures | Roman |
| Site notes | |
| Condition | Ruined |
| Ownership | Public |
| Public access | On request. Visible from the exterior boundary. |
TheVilla dei Sette Bassi (alsoVilla Via Tuscolana) was the second-largestancient Romanvilla or monumental palace in thesuburbs after theVilla of the Quintilii.[1]
The site is on a hilly plateau located at the fifth mile of Via Tuscolana to the southeast of Rome and forms part of the Appia Antica archaeological park. The name, known since the Middle Ages, is probably derived from the emperorLucius Septimius Bassianus known as Caracalla (r. 198–217) and not fromSeptimius Bassus, prefect under the EmperorSeptimius Severus (r.193–211) (Caracalla's father). Indeed, it seems that Caracalla had merged the villa of the Sette Bassi and thevilla of the Quintilii into a single vast imperial estate.
It was inhabited until the beginning of the fourth century, and maintained by additional restorations for two more centuries.
Six Roman marble sculptures from the site can be found in theBritish Museum.[2]
The original access to the villa must have been in the south-west area, where there are remains of richly decorated rooms near the byway coming from the Via Latina.
The residential area consists of three contiguous parts, dating to three different periods in rapid succession. The parts are rectangular and are arranged aligned from east to west.[3] There were also gardens and a main park onto which the buildings looked. The easternmost building was built between 134 and 139 at the beginning of the reign ofAntoninus Pius following a traditional structure of 50 m on each side and aperistyle in the northwest of about 45 m per side. The plan is compact, with no windows facing outward. The second building was constructed to the southwest of the previous peristyle, between 140 and 150. It measures 45 x 25 m and includes a panoramic south-facingrotunda. It is a structure linked to luxury, without any functional character. The third structure is believed to have been constructed at the end of the reign of Antoninus Pius, and is the most elaborate with large spa rooms.
The large rectangularcircus or hippodrome-garden, similar in concept to those at the imperial residences of theVilla of Domitian and thePalace of Domitian, was 95 x 327 m, terraced and surrounded by acryptoporticus, and must have contained mirrors of water, avenues, ornamental buildings, statues, fountains.[4]
The water requirement was satisfied by a branch from theAnio Novus aqueduct which fed a complex system of cisterns, one of which with two floors. Remains of one of the cisterns form the foundations of a farmhouse on the property.[5]
To the northwest of the villa was thepars rustica of the villa, a series of houses where the service staff lived with warehouses, temples andcisterns and where most of the domestic and agricultural activities took place. The area has not been the subject of archaeological investigation but remains of a small temple identified with a nymphaeum are clearly visible. This was rectangular and constructed ofbrick, hadvaulted ceilings and wasgabled. It contained a rectangularapse for the Divine Statue.
The condition of these ruins is poor. In February 2014 a buttress collapsed. This was attributed to heavy rain but excavations have shown that the building materials used were of low quality. Also the area was subjected to some bombing during the Second World War.[6]
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| Preceded by Villa of the Quintilii | Landmarks of Rome Villa dei Sette Bassi | Succeeded by Column of Antoninus Pius |
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