| Vice President of India | |
|---|---|
| Bhārata kē Uparāṣṭrapati | |
 Logo of The Vice President of India | |
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| Style | The Honourable(formal) Mr. Vice President(informal) His Excellency(in diplomatic correspondence) |
| Status | Deputy Head of State Chairman,Rajya Sabha (ex-officio) |
| Abbreviation | VP/Veep/V-P |
| Residence | Vice President's Enclave |
| Seat | New Delhi, Delhi, India |
| Appointer | Electoral College of India |
| Term length | Five years Renewable |
| Constituting instrument | Constitution of India(Article 63) |
| Inaugural holder | Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan(1952–1962) |
| Formation | 13 May 1952; 72 years ago (1952-05-13) |
| Deputy | Deputy Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha (in Rajya Sabha) |
| Salary | ₹400,000 (US$4,700) per month[1] |
| Website | vicepresidentofindia |
Thevice president of India (ISO:Bhārata kē Uparāṣṭrapati) is the deputy to thehead of state of theRepublic of India, i.e. thepresident of India. The office of vice president is the second-highest constitutional office after the president and ranks second in theorder of precedence and first in the line of succession to thepresidency. The vice president is also theex officio chairman of theRajya Sabha.
Article 66 of theConstitution of India states the manner of election of the vice president. The vice president is elected indirectly by members of anelectoral college consisting of the members of both Houses of Parliament and not the members of state legislative assembly by the system ofproportional representation usingsingle transferable votes and the voting is conducted byElection Commission of India via secret ballot.[2] The vice president also acts as thechancellor of the Panjab University and Delhi University.[3]
Jagdeep Dhankhar of theBharatiya Janata Party is the current vice president. He became vice president after defeatingIndian National Congress candidateMargaret Alva in the2022 Indian vice presidential election.[4]
As in the case of the president, to be qualified to be elected as vice president, a person must:[5]
Unlike in the case of the president, where a person is a member of theLok Sabha, the vice president must be qualified for election as a member of the Rajya Sabha.[6] This difference is because the vice president is to act as theex officio chairman of the Rajya Sabha. At a time the vice president acts in either of two capacities (i.e. chairman of the Rajya Sabha or vice president of India); he cannot act in both offices simultaneously.
The vice president is elected indirectly, by an electoral college consisting of members (elected as well as nominated) of both Houses of Parliament (Lok Sabha & Rajya Sabha), by the system of proportional representation using single transferable votes and the voting is by secret ballot. The election of the vice president is slightly different from the election of the president as the members of state legislatures are not part of the electoral college but the nominated members of Rajya Sabha are part of it.
The nomination of a candidate for election to the office of the vice president must be subscribed by at least 20 electors as proposers and 20 electors as seconders. Every candidate has to make a security deposit of₹15,000 (US$180) in theReserve Bank of India.
TheElection Commission of India, which is a constitutional autonomous body, conducts the election. The election is to be held no later than 60 days of the expiry of the term of office of the outgoing vice president. Areturning officer is appointed for the election, usually the secretary-general of either House of Parliament, by rotation. The returning officer issues a public notice of the intended election, inviting nomination of candidates. Any person qualified to be elected and intending to stand for election is required to be nominated by at least twenty members of Parliament as proposers, and at least twenty other members of Parliament as seconders. The nomination papers are scrutinized by the returning officer, and the names of all eligible candidates are added to the ballot.
The election is held viaproportional representation using single transferable votes by secret ballot. Voters stack-rank the candidates, assigning 1 to their first preference, 2 to their second preference, and so on. The number of votes required by a candidate to secure the election is calculated by dividing the total number of valid cast votes by two and adding one to the quotient by disregarding any remainder. If no candidate obtains the required number of first-preference votes, the candidate with the fewest first-preference votes is eliminated and his or her second-preference votes are transferred. The process is repeated until a candidate obtains the requisite number of votes. Nominated members can also participate in the election.[7]
After the election has been held and the votes counted, the returning officer declares the result of the election to the electoral college. Thereafter, the returning officer reports the result to theGovernment of India (Ministry of Law and Justice) and the Election Commission of India, and the government publishes the name of the person elected as vice president, in theOfficial Gazette.
The vice president may resign office by submitting a letter of resignation to the president. The resignation becomes effective from the day it is accepted.
If the Vice president resigns then the vacant post has to be filled as soon as possible whereas in the case of President, election has to be held within 6 months.
All disputes arising in connection with the election of the vice president are petitioned to theSupreme Court of India, which inquires into the matter. The petition is heard by a five-member bench of the Supreme Court, which decides on the matter. The decision of the Supreme Court is final.[7]
TheSupreme Court inquires into and decides upon alldoubts anddisputes arising out of or in connection with the election of the vice president perArticle 71(1) of the constitution. The Supreme Court can remove the vice president for committing electoral malpractices or upon being ineligible to be a Rajya Sabha member under theRepresentation of the People Act, 1951.[8] Subject toArticle 71 (3), Parliament has made applicable rules or procedure to petition the Supreme Court for resolving thedisputes that arise only during the election process of the vice president but not thedoubts that arise from his unconstitutional actions or deeds or changing citizenship during his tenure which may violate the requisite election qualifications.[9] The Supreme Court shall also expeditiously decide any doubt raised by which the elected vice president could be ineligible to be a Rajya Sabha member for the unconstitutional acts committed before becoming vice president. UnderArticle 71(1), it is the responsibility of the Supreme Court to inquire and decide about the so-called unconstitutional acts committed by the vice president such as turning down the notice of the Rajya Sabha members to impeach thechief justice of India and other judges of Supreme Court and High Courts perArticle 124(4) and Judges (Inquiry) Act, 1968 or allowing a bill passed under simple majority instead of procedure applicable to constitutional amendment or falsely declaring a bill passed.[10][11]
Article 69 of the Constitution of India provides for the oath or affirmation for the office of vice president as follows:-
"I, A.B., do swear in the name of God /solemnly affirm that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the Constitution of India as by law established and that I will discharge the duty upon which I am about to enter."
The president administers the oath of office and secrecy to the vice president.
The vice president holds office for five years. The vice president can be re-elected any number of times. However, the office may be terminated earlier by death, resignation, or removal. The Constitution does not provide a mechanism of succession to the office of vice president in the event of an extraordinary vacancy, apart from re-election. However, thedeputy chairman of the Rajya Sabha can perform the vice president's duties as the chairman of the Rajya Sabha in such an event.
However, when the president dies in office and vice president takes over as president, the vice president can continue serving as the president for a maximum of 6 months within which a new president shall be elected.
The Constitution states that the vice president can be removed by a resolution of theRajya Sabha passed by an effective majority (majority of all the then members) and agreed by theLok Sabha with asimple majority (Article 67(b)).[6] But no such resolution may be moved unless at least 14 days notice in advance has been given. Notably, the Constitution does not list grounds for removal. No vice president has ever faced removal or the chairman in the Rajya Sabha cannot be challenged in any court of law perArticle 122[12]
TheSupreme Court can inquire into and decide on the disputes related to election of the vice president as perArticle 71(1) of the constitution. However, the constitution does not mention any specific ground on which the vice president can be removed.
There is no provision for the salary of the vice president of India in that capacity. The vice president receives a salary in the capacity of theex officio chairman of the Rajya Sabha, which is currently₹400,000 (US$4,700) per month (revised from₹125,000 in 2018). In addition, the vice president is entitled to free furnished residence, medical, travel, and other facilities. The constitution provides that when the vice president acts as the president or discharges the duties of the president, the vice president is entitled to the salary and privileges of the president. The pension for the vice president is 50% of the salary.[13] In fact, he is the only official who does not get any salary and emoluments of his designated post (i.e. vice president).
the Constitution Bench held that though it is the "individual discretion" of the Speaker or the Chairman to admit or refuse a motion, this discretion is expected to be of a "reasonable man" who acts with a "high degree of responsibility"
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