Unobtainium (orunobtanium) is a term used infiction,engineering, and common situations for a material ideal for a particular application but impractically difficult or impossible to obtain. Unobtainium originally referred to materials that do not exist at all, but can also be used to describe real materials that are unavailable due to extreme rarity or cost. Less commonly, it can mean a device with desirable engineering properties for an application that are exceedingly difficult or impossible to achieve.
The properties of any particular example of unobtainium depend on the intended use. For example, apulley made of unobtainium might be massless and frictionless. But for anuclear rocket, unobtainium might have the needed qualities of lightness, strength at high temperatures, and resistance to radiation damage; a combination of all three qualities is impossible with today's materials. The concept of unobtainium is often appliedhand-wavingly, flippantly, or humorously.
The wordunobtainium derives humorously fromunobtainable, with-ium, a suffix forchemical element names. It predates the similar-soundingsystematic element names, such asununennium,unbinilium,unbiunium, andunbiquadium. An alternative spelling,unobtanium, is sometimes used, by analogy to the names of real elements liketitanium anduranium.
Since the late 1950s, aerospace engineers have used the term "unobtainium" when referring to unusual or costly materials, or when theoretically considering a material perfect for their needs in all respects, except that it does not exist.
Unobtainium, n. A substance having the exact high test properties required for a piece of hardware or other item of use, but not obtainable either because it theoretically cannot exist or because technology is insufficiently advanced to produce it. Humorous or ironical.
— Listed in "Interim Glossary, Aero-Space Terms," as compiled by Woodford Heflin and published in February 1958 by the Air University of the US Air Force.[1]
By the 1990s, the term was in wide use, even in formal engineering papers such as "Towards unobtainium [new composite materials for space applications]."[2][3]
The term may well have been coined in the aerospace industry to refer to materials capable of withstanding the extreme temperatures expected inre-entry.[1]Aerospace engineers are frequently tempted to design aircraft which require parts with strength or resilience beyond that of currently available materials.
Later, unobtainium became an engineering term for practical materials that really exist, but are difficult to get.[4] For example, during the development of theSR-71 Blackbird spy plane,Lockheed engineers at the "Skunk Works" underClarence "Kelly" Johnson used unobtainium to refer totitanium. Titanium allowed a higher strength-to-weight ratio at the high temperatures the Blackbird would reach, but its availability was restricted because theSoviet Union controlled its supply. This created a problem for the U.S. during theCold War because the Blackbird required huge amounts of titanium; subsequent U.S. military aircraft such as theB-1 Lancer,F-15 Eagle,F/A-18 Hornet, andF-22 Raptor required relatively large amounts of it as well.
Unobtainium began to be used among people who are neither science fiction fans nor engineers to denote an object that actually exists, but which is very hard to obtain either because of high price (sometimes referred to as "unaffordium") or limited availability. It usually refers to a veryhigh-end and desirable product. By the 1970s, the term had migrated from the aerospace industry to the Southern California automobile and motorcycle cultures and, began to appear in industry publications such as early advertisements forOakley motorcycle handgrips.[5]
Other examples are rear cassettes in themountain biking community,[6] parts that are no longer available for old-car enthusiasts,[7][8] parts for reel-to-reel audio-tape recorders, and rare vacuum tubes such as the1L6 orWD-11 that can now cost more than the equipment in which they were fitted.[9] The eyewear and fashion wear companyOakley, Inc. also frequently denotes the material used for many of their eyeglass nosepieces and earpieces, which has the unusual property of increasing tackiness and thus grip when wet, as unobtanium.[10]
By 2010, the term had been used in mainstream news reports to describe the commercially usefulrare earth elements (particularlyterbium,erbium,dysprosium,yttrium, andneodymium), which are essential to the performance of consumer electronics andgreen technology, but whose projected demand far outstrips their current supply.[11][12][13]
There have been repeated attempts to attribute the name to a real material.Space elevator research has long used "unobtainium" to describe a material with the necessary characteristics,[14][15] butcarbon nanotubes might have these characteristics.[16]
Unobtainium was mentioned briefly in David Brin's 1983 bookStartide Rising,[17] as a material that could be used in making weapons[18] and comprising 1% of the core of one of theexomoons of the Kthsemenee system.[19]
Unobtainium is briefly mentioned in Wil McCarthy'sThe Collapsium (2000), where a programmable quantum-technology material called "wellstone" can simulate any conceivable element, including "imaginary substances like unobtainium, impossibilium, and rainbowkryptonite".[20]
In the 2003 filmThe Core,[21] "Unobtainium" is the nickname of a 37-syllable long tungsten-titanium crystal alloy developed by Dr. Edward "Braz" Brazzelton that is able to absorb the extreme pressure and heat of theEarth's molten core and then convert these into usable energy; it's used in building the super resistant outer shell of the shipVirgil.[22]
In the 2009 filmAvatar, Unobtanium is the common name of a rare-earth mineral found exclusively on theexomoon Pandora, highly prized (and priced) because of its application as a powerful superconductor material.[23] Because of its unusual magnetic properties, entire mountains with high concentrations of unobtanium levitate in the atmosphere of Pandora.
The term eludium has been used to describe a material which has "eluded" attempts to develop it, with the variant spelling illudium derived from "illusion". This was mentioned in severalLooney Tunes cartoons, whereMarvin the Martian tried (unsuccessfully) to use his "Eludium Q-36 Explosive Space Modulator" to blow up the Earth.[24]
Another largely synonymous term is wishalloy,[25] although the sense is often subtly different in that a wishalloy usually does not exist at all, whereas unobtainium may merely be unavailable.
A similar conceptual material inalchemy is thephilosopher's stone, a mythical substance with the ability to turnlead intogold, or bestowimmortality andyouth. While the search to find such a substance was not successful, it did lead to discovery of a new element:phosphorus.[26]
Inarchitecture, the termrenderite has been used to describe the use of unrealistic materials in concept renders.[27]
We can loosely define it as any metal that is specified by Engineering and unavailable to Purchasing
The House Committee on Science and Technology's investigations and oversight panel is holding a hearing today on rare-earth metal supplies, focusing onChina's near-monopoly on the stuff.
Metals analyst Christopher Ecclestone suggests the hunt for Unobtainium storyline reminds him 'of some of the talk surrounding Rare Earths (REE) these days'
