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Union Pacific 3985

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
1943 American steam locomotive

Union Pacific 3985
Union Pacific No. 3985 runs throughAlton, Iowa, on October 1, 2008
Type and origin
References:[1]
Power typeSteam
BuilderAmerican Locomotive Company (ALCO)
Serial number70174
Build dateJuly 1943
Rebuild date1979–March 1981(first restoration)
January 2023–ongoing(second restoration)
Specifications
Configuration:
 • Whyte4-6-6-4
 • UIC(2′C) C2′ h4
Gauge4 ft 8+12 in (1,435 mm)standard gauge
Driver dia.69 in (1,753 mm)
Wheelbase60 ft4+12 in (18.402 m) Engine
121 ft10+78 in (37.157 m) Engine + tender
Axle load67,333 lb (30,542 kilograms; 30.542 metric tons)
Adhesive weight404,000 lb (183,000 kg; 183 t)
Loco weight627,900 lb (284,800 kg)
Tender weight446,000 lb (202,000 kg)
Total weight1,073,900 lb (487,100 kg)
Fuel typeNo. 5 fuel oil, originallycoal
Fuel capacity32 short tons (29 t; 29 long tons)
6,450 US gal (24,400 L; 5,370 imp gal)
Water cap.25,000 US gal (95,000 L; 21,000 imp gal)
Firebox:
 • Grate area132 sq ft (12 m2) (grate removed in 1990)
Boiler94 in (2,400 mm)
Boiler pressure280 lbf/in2 (1.93 MPa)
Heating surface:
 • Firebox140 sq ft (13 m2)
 • Tubes527 sq ft (49.0 m2)
 • Flues3,687 sq ft (342.5 m2)
 • Total surface4,795 sq ft (445.5 m2)
Superheater:
 • TypeType E
 • Heating area2,162 sq ft (200.9 m2)
CylindersFour
Cylinder size21 in × 32 in (533 mm × 813 mm)
Performance figures
Maximum speed70 mph (110 km/h)
Power output5,000 hp (3,700 kW)
Tractive effort97,350 lbf (433.03 kN)
Factor of adh.4.15
Career
OperatorsUnion Pacific Railroad
Class4664-4[2]
Number in class11 of 25
Numbers
  • UP 3985
  • UP 3967
  • UP 3718
  • CRR 676
Nicknames"The Challenger"
Delivered1943
First run1943(revenue service)
May 1981(excursion service)
Last run1957(revenue service)
October 14, 2010(excursion service)
Retired1962(revenue service)
January 2020(excursion service)
RestoredMarch 1981(first restoration)
Current ownerRailroading Heritage of Midwest America
DispositionUndergoing restoration to operating condition

Union Pacific 3985 is a four-cylinderarticulated4-6-6-4 "Challenger"-typesteam locomotive built in July 1943 by theAmerican Locomotive Company (ALCO) ofSchenectady, New York, for theUnion Pacific Railroad. No. 3985 is one of only two Challengers still in existence and the only one to have operated inexcursion service.

No. 3985 operated in revenue service until 1957. It was then stored in theroundhouse inCheyenne, Wyoming, until 1975, when it was placed outdoors beside theCheyenne depot. In March 1981, after a group of Union Pacific employees restored the locomotive to operating condition, it was placed intoexcursion service as part of the Union Pacific'sheritage fleet and became the world's largest operational steam locomotive. Mechanical problems took it offline in 2010, after which it was stored at the Union Pacific's Steam Shops in Cheyenne.

In May 2019, the title of largest operational steam locomotive passed to the newly restored4-8-8-4 "Big Boy"Union Pacific 4014. No. 3985, still in poor mechanical condition, was retired from excursion service in January 2020. In April 2022, UP officials announced that the company would donate the locomotive to the Railroading Heritage of Midwest America (RRHMA), which is now restoring the locomotive to operating condition.

History

Design

Designed by UP chief mechanical engineer Otto Jabelmann in 1941, UP 3985 was part of the second order of this second version of theChallenger. The design drew on recent experience with the enormous4-8-8-4Big Boy locomotives, and resulted in a locomotive in that in working order weighed some 317short tons (288 t; 283long tons) accompanied by a tender that weighed 174 short tons (158 t; 155 long tons) when two-thirds loaded. Calculated tractive effort is 97,350 lbf (433.0 kN). The Challenger class was intended to speed freight operations on the 0.82%grades across Wyoming, while the 1.14%Wasatch Range climb east fromOgden was to be conquered by the Big Boys without helpers. The Challengers and Big Boys arrived on the scene just as traffic was surging in preparation for American participation inWorld War II.

Revenue service and retirement (1943–1957)

UP No. 3985'sbuilder's plate

No. 3985 was part of the 4664-4 group ofChallengers built in 1943.[3] Although this group consisted of 31 locomotives, only 25 went to theUnion Pacific.[4] It operated in its last revenue train service in 1957,[1] and the locomotive was officially retired in 1962. The following year, No. 3985 was repainted and put on display inCheyenne, Wyoming, for the 1963National Railway Historical Society (NRHS) Convention alongsideBig Boy No. 4023 and4-8-4 "Northern"No. 844, which had been inexcursion service since 1960. After the convention, the locomotive was stored inside the UP's Cheyenne roundhouse along with No. 4023.[1] In 1975, No. 3985 was placed on outdoor display beside theCheyenne depot.[1]

First restoration and excursion career with UP (1981–2010)

Beginning in 1979, a group ofUnion Pacific employee-volunteers started work on restoring the locomotive and it was returned to operating condition in March 1981.[1][5] The locomotive made its first excursion run in May during Railfair 1981, where it attended the opening of theCalifornia State Railroad Museum inSacramento, along with No. 844.[5][6]

No. 3985, originally built to burncoal, was converted to burnNo. 5 fuel oil in 1990 to reducemaintenance stops during excursion trips.[1][6] That same year, the locomotive pulled a 143-car doublestack train between Cheyenne andNorth Platte, Nebraska, per special request byAmerican President Lines.[7]

In 1991, No. 3985 went to Railfair 1991 along with No. 844 andDDA40X No. 6936. The excursion also includedUP 4-6-0 No. 1243 on a flatbed.[8] The next year, the 3985 went to the National Railroad Historical Society's convention inSan Jose, California. It participated in activities withSouthern Pacific 4-8-4 No. 4449 andSP 4-6-2 No. 2472.[9]

No. 3985 passes throughGolconda, Nevada, heading back to Cheyenne, Wyoming, in July 1992

In November 1992, the locomotive was selected to pull theClinchfield Santa Train, an excursion that ran onCSX'sClinchfield trackage. For the run, the locomotive masqueraded as Clinchfield No. 676; the number was as a continuation of the CRR's E-3 locomotives, which were numbered 670–675.[10]

In May 1993, the locomotive masqueraded as sister engine No. 3967 as part of the 40th anniversary of the Rocky Mountain Railroad Club excursion, in which the original 3967 pulled the same excursion on May 17, 1953.[11] During the same run, the engine was renumbered again to 3718, the number being a continuation of the few 4664-4 locomotives that were converted to run on oil in 1945, which were numbered 3708–3717.

In July, No. 3985 travelled from Cheyenne toOmaha, Nebraska, where the locomotive was scheduled to pull an excursion toChicago,Illinois for the 1993 NRHS Convention, and it marked No. 3985's first visit to Chicago since its restoration.[12] A number of UP's routes in the Midwest took a huge hit duringthat year's Great Flood, including theSedalia Subdivision in Missouri, where No. 3985 tiptoed through enroute to Chicago.[13] After the convention ended, the locomotive travelled toKansas City, where UP experienced a power-shortage; No. 3985 was used to pull honest freight trains around the area prior to its return to Cheyenne in August.[13]

In May 1994, No. 3985 pulled an excursion on California'sCajon Pass with the Union Pacific's A-B-A set ofEMD E9 units during its 1994 tour.[14] In 1999, the 3985 double-headed with No. 844 on the way to Railfair 1999.[15] After the event, the 3985 was forced to pull the return trip with the 844 dead in tow after theFEF-3 suffered a tube failure on June 24 while on display.

Throughout its career, No. 3985 was stationed and serviced at Cheyenne, along with other equipment in the UP's heritage collection. It remained in the UP's maintenance shop in 2007 and underwent repairs in 2008.[16]

In September and October of 2010, No. 3985 embarked on the Missouri River Eagle Tour, which would become its last tour in excursion service with the Union Pacific.[17] As part of the tour, the locomotive was selected to pull theRingling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey Circus train from Cheyenne toDenver, Colorado, where the circus held a special performance to celebrateP.T. Barnum's birthday.[17][18] No. 3985 made its final run with the UP on October 14, 2010, after which it was taken out of service for repairs and placed into storage.[19][20]

In December 2018, Union Pacific asked theFederal Railroad Administration (FRA) for waivers to exempt Nos. 3985, 844 and 4014 from federalPositive Train Control (PTC) requirements;[20] in February 2019, the FRA officials responded that such waivers were not needed.[21] Two years later, in January 2020, Union Pacific officially retired No. 3985 fromexcursion service. The UP steam program manager, Ed Dickens, said the team felt that maintaining three steam locomotives was too much for them to handle. No. 3985 also needed an extensive overhaul due to its poor mechanical condition as No. 4014 officially replaced No. 3985 in excursion service.[22][23] Since 2019, No. 3985's original tender, No. 25-C-311, was connected to No. 4014 to save time in meeting the Big Boy's restoration deadline.[23][24]

Acquisition by RRHMA and second restoration (2022-present)

On April 28, 2022, UP officials announced that the company would donate No. 3985—along with2-10-2No. 5511,CentennialNo. 6936, an unpowered E9 locomotive, and other rolling stock from their heritage fleet—to the Railroading Heritage of Midwest America (RRHMA) inSilvis, Illinois.[25][26] RRHMA aims to restore the Nos. 3985 and 5511 steam locomotives to operating condition.[26] On May 13, 2022, RRHMA launched afundraiser to raise money for the work.[27] In November of that same year, UP moved 3985 and the rest of the donated equipment to the RRHMA's large shop facility inSilvis,Illinois.[28]

As part of the restoration, RRHMA plans to rebuild No. 4014's original tender, No. 25-C-116, to carry fuel oil instead of coal.[29] Afterwards, it will eventually be reconnected with No. 4014 and the No. 25-C-311 tender will be reconnected to the No. 3985 locomotive.[29]

In January 2023, the RRHMA announced that the restoration work of No. 3985 had begun.[30][31] Around December 2023, the new flue tubes and stay bolts for both Nos. 3985 and 5511 arrived.[32]

References

  1. ^abcdef"Challenger No. 3985"(PDF) (Press release). Union Pacific. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on June 1, 2017. RetrievedMay 6, 2019.
  2. ^Drury 2015, p. 319.
  3. ^Solomon 2009, p. 70.
  4. ^Kalmbach, A.C., ed. (August 1944). "Almost Identical Twins".Trains Magazine.4: 29.
  5. ^abSperandeo, Andy (January 1995)."Challenger 3985 and her sisters: the Union Pacific 4-6-6-4 is notable for more than just its size".Model Railroader. Vol. 62, no. 1. Kalmbach Publishing Company – via Gale OneFile.
  6. ^abStagner, Lloyd E. (1995).Union Pacific Steam in Color (1st ed.). Morning Sun Books. pp. 127–128.ISBN 1-878887-44-0.
  7. ^"Heavy Freight and Union Pacific 3985". Pentrex. Archived fromthe original on July 17, 2019. RetrievedJuly 17, 2019.
  8. ^Pentrex. (1991),Sacramento Railfair 1991., Pentrex,OCLC 26339443, retrieved2020-04-17
  9. ^Pentrex. (1992),San Jose steam celebration., Pentrex,OCLC 29295667, retrieved2020-04-17
  10. ^"Union Pacific's Clinchfield Challenge DVD".Pentrex. Archived fromthe original on June 5, 2017. RetrievedMay 18, 2019.
  11. ^"Union Pacific's 40th Anniversary Steam Excursion DVD". Pentrex. Archived fromthe original on May 11, 2017. RetrievedJune 14, 2019.
  12. ^McGonigal, Robert (November 1993)."A tasty mix in the railroad capital".Trains. Kalmbach Media. p. 29.Archived from the original on 2023-03-17. Retrieved2023-03-19.
  13. ^ab"Washout! Railroads Battle the Floods of '93".Trains. Kalmbach Media. October 1993. pp. 20–21.
  14. ^Pentrex (Firm) (1994),Up 3985 over Cajon., Pentrex,OCLC 43598532, retrieved2020-04-17
  15. ^California State Railroad Museum. (1999).Railfair 99 : California calls you. The Museum.OCLC 56116815.Archived from the original on 2022-05-25. Retrieved2020-04-17.
  16. ^"Challenger No. 3985".Cheyenne Depot Museum. Archived fromthe original on August 14, 2016. RetrievedJune 30, 2019.
  17. ^ab"Union Pacific Railroad's World's Largest Operating Steam Locomotive to Pull 'Ringling Bros.' Circus Train on Way to Sedalia, Mo., Celebration".Union Pacific. September 15, 2010. Archived fromthe original on August 19, 2014. RetrievedMay 5, 2019.
  18. ^Shapiro, Mary (October 7, 2010)."Full steam ahead".St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Archived fromthe original on July 10, 2019. RetrievedJuly 10, 2019.
  19. ^Grant, Rich (May 5, 2016)."There's Only One Time to See Two "Big Boy" Locomotives at Cheyenne's Depot Days".HuffPost. Archived fromthe original on July 9, 2019. RetrievedJuly 9, 2019.
  20. ^ab"Big Boy 4014 gets drivers; UP asks for PTC waivers for three steam locomotives".Trains. December 13, 2018. Archived fromthe original on June 8, 2019. RetrievedJune 9, 2019.
  21. ^Wrinn, Jim (February 28, 2019)."FRA: UP doesn't need waiver to run steam 11,000 miles in 2019".Trains. Kalmbach Publishing. Archived fromthe original on June 9, 2019. RetrievedJune 9, 2019.
  22. ^Keefe, Kevin (January 17, 2020)."The Challenger at high tide".Classic Trains. Kalmbach Publishing. Archived fromthe original on May 11, 2021. RetrievedJune 24, 2021.
  23. ^abWrinn, Jim (March 31, 2020)."Union Pacific No. 3985's next stop".Trains. Kalmbach Publishing. Archived fromthe original on January 17, 2021. RetrievedJune 24, 2021.
  24. ^Wrinn, Jim (2020).Union Pacific's Big Boys: The Complete Story from History to Restoration (1st ed.).Kalmbach Books. p. 143.ISBN 978-1627007924.
  25. ^"Railroading Heritage of Midwest America - official website". Railroading Heritage of Midwest America. Archived fromthe original on April 28, 2022. RetrievedApril 28, 2022.
  26. ^abGlischinski, Steve (April 28, 2022)."Railroading Heritage of Midwest America, Union Pacific agree to donation of Challenger, other locomotives, cars".Trains. Kalmbach Media. Archived fromthe original on April 28, 2022. RetrievedApril 28, 2022.
  27. ^Franz, Justin (May 13, 2022)."Railroading Heritage of Midwest America Launches Fundraiser for Restorations".Railfan & Railroad.White River Productions.Archived from the original on May 13, 2022. RetrievedMay 16, 2022.
  28. ^Sanchez, Cesar (November 19, 2022)."3 of the largest and rarest locomotives arrive in Silvis".WQAD-TV.Archived from the original on January 5, 2023. RetrievedNovember 20, 2022.
  29. ^abKratville-Wrinn, Cate (April 28, 2022)."Original Big Boy tender to be restored by Railroading Heritage of Midwest America".Trains. Kalmbach Publishing. Archived fromthe original on May 13, 2022. RetrievedMay 16, 2022.
  30. ^"Work begins on Union Pacific Challenger No. 3985".Trains. Retrieved2023-01-07.
  31. ^"UP Challenger No. 3985 photo gallery - Trains".Trains. Retrieved2023-01-30.
  32. ^"Parts Arrive at Silvis for UP Steam Locomotives As Restoration Gets Underway".Railfan & Railroad Magazine. White River Productions. 9 January 2024. Retrieved10 January 2024.

Bibliography

Further reading

  • Botkin, William E.; Hill, Ronald G.; Kindig, R.H. (1985).Union Pacific 3985 (1st ed.). Collage.ISBN 978-0918654366.
  • Ehernberger, James L. (1993).Union Pacific Steam Challenger Portraits (1st ed.). Challenger Press.ASIN B000TXFDIC.
  • Kratville, William W. (1980).The Challenger Locomotives (1st ed.). Kratville Publications.ASIN B0006E9WN6.
  • Stagner, Lloyd E.; Reisdorff, James J. (2003).Fifty Years of Union Pacific Steam Excursions (1st ed.). South Platte Press.ISBN 978-0942035636.

External links

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