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Staff colleges (alsocommand and staff colleges andWar colleges) trainmilitary officers in the administrative,military staff and policy aspects of their profession. It is usual for such training to occur at several levels in a career. For example, an officer may be sent to various staff courses: as acaptain they may be sent to a single service command and staff school to prepare for company command and equivalent staff posts; as a major to a single or joint service college to prepare for battalion command and equivalent staff posts; and as a colonel or brigadier to a higher staff college to prepare for brigade and division command and equivalent postings.
The success of staff colleges spawned, in the mid-twentieth century, a civilian imitation in what are calledadministrative staff colleges. These institutions apply some of the principles of the education of the military colleges to the executive development of managers from both the public and private sectors of the economy. The first and best-known administrative staff college was established inBritain atGreenlands nearHenley, Oxfordshire and is now renamedHenley Management College.
The first modern staff college was that ofPrussia. Prussian advanced officer education began under the reign ofFrederick the Great in 1710.
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TheSeven Years' War demonstrated the inadequacy of the education that generals had at that time, but it was not until 1801 that staff training in a modern sense began whenGerhard von Scharnhorst became the director of thePrussian Military Academy. Prussian defeats byNapoleon I led to the creation of theAllgemeine Kriegsschule (General War Academy) with a nine-month programme covering mathematics, tactics, strategy, staff work, weapons science, military geography, languages, physics, chemistry, and administration.[1] The German staff courses have been used as a basic templates for other staff courses around the world.[citation needed]
Nations have taken a wide variety of approaches to the form, curriculum and status of staff colleges, but have much in common with the Prussian courses of the early 19th Century.[citation needed] Some courses act as filters for promotion or entry into a specialist staff corps. The length of courses varies widely, from three months to three years, with some having entrance and/or exit examinations.[citation needed] The more senior the course, the more likely that it will include strategic, political and joint aspects, with junior courses often focusing on single service and tactical military aspects of warfare.[citation needed]
Certainterms of art oridiom have developed in staff colleges over time, and then been used in wider college or university settings and everyday usage, including:
The following is an incomplete list of staff colleges, by continent by country:
 |
Royal Jordanian Joint Command and Staff College
Mubarak al-Abdullah Joint Command and Staff College
| Active duty officers | Reserve officers | Civilians | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2nd tier | Centre des hautes études militaires | Institut des hautes études de la défense nationale | Institut des hautes études de la défense nationale |
| 1st tier | École de guerre | École supérieure des officiers de réserve spécialistes d'état-major | None |
All these schools are seated in theécole militaire in Paris.
Sweden
TheAustralian Defence College (ADC) was officially opened in 1999 inCanberra. It is a Joint organisation, and comprises:
Prior to the establishment of the Australian Command and Staff College, middle management officer Command and Staff training was conducted at separate single Service staff colleges:
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