 | |
| Industry | Lighting |
|---|---|
| Founded | 1896 |
| Fate | Dissolved |
| Headquarters | Budapest,Hungary |
Key people | Jörg Bauer |
| Revenue | Approximately 300 million (Fiscal Year 2017) |
Number of employees | Approximately 4,000 (end of February 2018) |
| Website | www.tungsram.com |
Tungsram was amanufacturingcompany located inHungary and known for their light bulbs and electronics. Established inÚjpest (today part ofBudapest,Hungary) in 1896, it initially produced telephones, wires and switchboards. The name "Tungsram" is aportmanteau oftungsten (/ˈtʌŋstən/TUNG-stən) andwolfram (/ˈwʊlfrəm/WUUL-frəm), the two common names ofthe metal used for making light bulbfilaments.Before becoming nationalized by the Communist government in 1945, the company was the world's third largest manufacturer of light bulbs and radiotubes, after the American General Electric and RCA companies.
On 13 December 1904, HungarianSándor Just and CroatianFranjo Hanaman were granted Hungarian patent no. 34541 for the world's firsttungsten filament bulb that lasted longer and produced brighter light than a carbon filament. The co-inventors licensed their patent to the company, which came to be named Tungsram after the eponymous tungsten incandescent bulbs, which are still called Tungsram bulbs in many European countries.[citation needed] In 1934, Tungsram incorporated a patent byImre Bródy for bulbs filled withkrypton gas, providing for a longer bulb lifetime. DuringWorld War I mass production ofradio tubes began and became the most profitable division of the company.[1]
In March 1937, the first television experimental broadcasts of still images (Tungsram trademark and Mickey Mouse) began in the Tungsram laboratory, initially with low FPS. With the help of the charge storage video camera developed by the company, a successful continuous motion picture transmission was already tested in an experimental TV broadcasting station atÚjpest in June 1937.[2]
Hungarian physicist Zoltán Bay together with György Szigeti pre-empted LED lighting in Hungary in 1939 by patented a lighting device based on SiC, with an option on boron carbide, that emitted white, yellowish white, or greenish white depending on impurities present.[3]
British Tungsram Radio Works was a subsidiary of Hungarian Tungsram in pre-war days.
In 1990,General Electric acquired a majority stake in Tungsram and over six years invested $600 million in the venture, thoroughly restructuring every aspect of its operations. To date, this has been the largest manufacturing investment by a U.S. firm in Central and Eastern Europe.[4] Thereafter Tungsram operated as a subsidiary of General Electric and the name merely was retained as abrand.
As of February 2018, the CEO ofGE Hungary, Jörg Bauer agreed to buy GEʼs lighting business in Europe, the Middle East, Africa and Turkey, as well as its global automotive lighting business. The business continues to operate again under the nameTungsram Group.[5]
Since February 2020, the business partners of the company have been able to use the recently opened Tungsram Lounge at theFerenc Liszt International Airport with conference rooms.[6]
In April 2022, Tungsram laid off 1600 employees and then in May they filed for bankruptcy protection.[7] In November nearing the end of the six month protection period they announced they had been unable to come to an agreement with their creditors and were thus going into liquidation.[8] As part of the liquidation process it was decided the Zalaegerszeg plant would continue to operate under the name Scintilla Fémalkatrész Kft.[citation needed]
| Zoltán Bay (1900–1992) | Imre Bródy (1891–1944) | Ernő Winter (1897–1971) | György Szigeti (1905–1978) | Tivadar Millner (1899–1988) | Egon Orowan (1902–1989) | Michael Polanyi (1891–1976) | Dennis Gabor (1900–1979) | Pál Selényi (1884–1954) | Franjo Hanaman (1878–1941) | Sándor Just (1874–1937) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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