| Tuberomammillary nucleus | |
|---|---|
 Tuberomammillary nucleus of the mouse brain | |
| Details | |
| Part of | Hypothalamus |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | nucleus tuberomamillaris |
| Acronym(s) | TMN |
| NeuroNames | 427 |
| NeuroLex ID | birnlex_1271 |
| TA98 | A14.1.08.932 |
| TA2 | 5734 |
| FMA | 62335 |
| Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy | |
Thetuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) is ahistaminergicnucleus located within theposterior third of thehypothalamus.[1] It is part of thetuber cinereum.[2] It largely consists of histaminergicneurons (i.e.histamine-releasing neurons). It is involved with the control ofarousal,learning,memory,sleep andenergy balance.[1]
The tuberomammillary nucleus is the sole source of histamine pathways in the human brain. The densestaxonal projections from the tuberomammillary nucleus are sent to thecerebral cortex,hippocampus,neostriatum,nucleus accumbens,amygdala, and other parts of thehypothalamus.[1] The projections to the cerebral cortex directly increase cortical activation and arousal, and projections to acetylcholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain and dorsal pons do so indirectly, by increasing the release ofacetylcholine in the cerebral cortex.[medical citation needed]
Within the brain, histamine is synthesized exclusively by neurons with their cell bodies in the tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) that lies within the posterior hypothalamus. There are approximately 64000 histaminergic neurons per side in humans. These cells project throughout the brain and spinal cord. Areas that receive especially dense projections include the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, neostriatum, nucleus accumbens, amygdala, and hypothalamus. ... While the best characterized function of the histamine system in the brain is regulation of sleep and arousal, histamine is also involved in learning and memory ... It also appears that histamine is involved in the regulation of feeding and energy balance.
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