 | This articleneeds additional citations forverification. Please helpimprove this article byadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Tseung Kwan O" – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(August 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
Tseung Kwan O 將軍澳 | |
|---|---|
 Tseung Kwan O New Town | |
 | |
| SAR | Hong Kong |
| Region | New Territories |
| District | Sai Kung |
| Development began | Late 1980s |
| Area | |
• Total | 17.18 km2 (6.63 sq mi) |
| Population (2016) | |
• Total | 396,000 |
| • Density | 23,000/km2 (60,000/sq mi) |
| Tseung Kwan O | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional Chinese | 將軍澳新市鎮 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 将军澳新市镇 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Jyutping | Zoeng1 gwan1 ou3 san1 si5 zan3 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| CantoneseYale | Jēung gwān ou sān síh jan | ||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||
Tseung Kwan O New Town, commonly known asTseung Kwan O, is one of the ninenew towns inHong Kong, built mainly onreclaimed land in the northern half ofJunk Bay in southeasternNew Territories, after which it is named.
Development of the new town was approved in 1982, with the initial population intake occurring in 1988. As of 2016, the town is home to around 396,000 residents. The total development area of Tseung Kwan O, including its industrial estate,[failed verification] is about 17.18 square kilometres (6.63 sq mi), with a planned population of 445,000.[1] Major residential neighbourhoods within the new town includeTsui Lam,Po Lam,Hang Hau, Tseung Kwan O Town Centre,Tiu Keng Leng (also known by its English name Rennie's Mill) and Siu Chik Sha, etc.
Administratively, the new town belongs toSai Kung District in southeasternNew Territories, although it is often incorrectly regarded as part ofKowloon /New Kowloon due to its close proximity to the city — the new town is bordered byKwun Tong District, a high rise built-up area, to Tseung Kwan O's west.
The land where Tseung Kwan O New Town now stands was, until the 1980s, a long narrowinlet namedJunk Bay, with small fishing villages (such asTseung Kwan O Village andHang Hau Village, etc.) and a few small shipbuilding establishments dotting its coastline.[2] The present-day neighbourhood ofTiu Keng Leng (then known as Rennie's Mill) was, from the 1950s to 1990s, arefugee village housingKuomintang loyalists who fled to Hong Kong after their party's defeat in theChinese Civil War.
TheHong Kong Government had long been interested in developing a new town at Hang Hau because of its proximity to the urban area. The project was postponed for a long time owing to the extensive scale ofreclamation in the bay, which is rather deep. The project finally took off under the name of Tseung Kwan O in 1983, when the development of the new town's Phase I was endorsed by theGovernor-in-Council.[3] This was followed by the decision to proceed with Phase II, which entailed further reclamation and the clearance of the Kuomintang refugee village atRennie's Mill (later renamedTiu Keng Leng), with a view to increase the planned population from 175,000 to 325,000.[3] The first families moved in to the new town in 1988 when public housing at the Head of the Bay (Po Lam Estate) was completed.[3]
The New Town was developed in three phases. The first phase encompasses Northern Tseung Kwan O, which includesPo Lam MTR station andHang Hau station, while the second and third phase comprise Southern Tseung Kwan O, which includesTseung Kwan O station (Town Centre) andTiu Keng Leng station.
The design of the new town was highlytransit-oriented. Developments centred along theMTR-corridor, with more than 80% of the population living within five minutes of an MTR station, with huge residential complexes surrounding the MTR stations. As most of the residential complexes surrounds the MTR station,urban open space are usually planned at the periphery of each neighbourhood in Tseung Kwan O. Neighbourhoods are therefore separated by parks.
| This sectionneeds additional citations forverification. Please helpimprove this article byadding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Tseung Kwan O" – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(August 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
Tseung Kwan O is located near the southeastern tip of theNew Territories mainland, 9 to 12 km (5.6 to 7.5 mi) east-southeast from theCentral District of Hong Kong.
The town is bounded on the south by the namesakeJunk Bay, known as Tseung Kwan O (將軍澳) in Chinese. Most of the residential developments in the new town stand on land reclaimed from the bay. The mountains ofDevil's Peak, Chiu Keng Wan Shan, Black Hill and Tai Sheung Tok form the new town's western boundary, where it bordersKwun Tong District ofKowloon. Lying to the north and southeast of the town areRazor Hill andHigh Junk Peak, which separate the new town from the rural parts ofSai Kung District.
The whole of Tseung Kwan O belongs toSai Kung District, part of the New Territories. The town is, however, situated far away from other major population centres of the New Territories, and is instead in close proximity withKwun Tong in Kowloon. While the town is entirely within theNew Territories East geographical constituency, a number of governmental bodies and large corporations would, for the sake of administrative convenience, classify Tseung Kwan O as part of Kowloon East, adding to the confusion of the town's residents. For example, theHospital Authority places Tseung Kwan O under itsKowloon East Cluster.[4]
From 1992 to 2017, Tseung Kwan O had beenpoliced under the Tseung Kwan O Division of the Kwun Tong Police District, and the upgraded Tseung Kwan O Police District still belongs to the Kowloon East Police Region.[5] It is under such a situation that the new town is often incorrectly, or intentionally, referred to as part of Kowloon. This is illustrated by the fact that the two hotels in Tseung Kwan O are namedCrowne Plaza Hong Kong Kowloon East and Holiday Inn Express Hong Kong Kowloon East.
The development of Tseung Kwan O New Town commenced from the head of the original inlet, on reclaimed land in front of the original indigenous villages of Tseung Kwan O and Yau Yue Wan. ThePo Lam neighbourhood is where the earliest developments in the new town could be found. Notably,Po Lam Estate (1988) was the first residential development in the area.[6]Metro City Plaza, with its three phases surrounding theMTR terminus, remains the largest shopping mall in the new town.
To the southeast of Po Lam lies the residential neighbourhood ofHang Hau. It was once a small market town that served the whole ofClear Water Bay Peninsula,[7] and was also a hub forship breaking industries. When the new town was developed, residents of Hang Hau Town were resited into the Hang Hau Town Resite Area at the neighbourhood's northern edge, known presently as Hang Hau Village. The reclaimed part of Hang Hau is now home to a number of residential developments as well as community facilities such as theDistrict Hospital andSai Kung District Council facilities.
Tseung Kwan O Town Centre refers to the area to the south of Po Lam, southwest of Hang Hau and east of Tiu Keng Leng. Centered on MTRTseung Kwan O station, this is the major growth area in the new town where new residential developments are being built. The development of the town centre commenced with the construction ofSheung Tak Estate in 1998. It has since been extended southwards to the shoreline of Junk Bay. Early private residential developments in the area includeSun Hung Kai Properties'Park Central (2002)[8] and The Wings (2012),[9][10][11] andNan Fung Group's Tseung Kwan O Plaza (2004).[12]
Tiu Keng Leng (formerly Rennie's Mill) was once a cottage area housingrefugees who settled in Hong Kong after theKuomintang's defeat in theChinese Civil War. The refugee village was cleared before thehandover. It has since been redeveloped into a mid-size high-rise residential neighbourhood.[citation needed]
The 2016 Population By-census records the population of Tseung Kwan O New Town at 398,479, a 7.12% increase from 2011.[13] This is equivalent to 86% ofSai Kung District's total population.
Among the residents of Tseung Kwan O, 42% live in private housing, 34% in some form of subsidized home ownership housing (e.g.HOS courts) and 23% inpublic rental housing.[13] Each of 4 more well-developed neighbourhoods in the new town, namelyPo Lam,Hang Hau, Tseung Kwan O Town Centre andTiu Keng Leng, is a combination of the above 3 types of housing clustering around a metro station. Private housing estates usually come in the form of podium-tower structures, where the podium levels areshopping malls. Mostpublic housing estates in Tseung Kwan O are equipped with their own shopping malls as well, although mostly smaller in size than their private counterparts.
TheLOHAS Park residential project in the southern part of the new town will become the largest single residential enclave in Hong Kong, with 50 high-rises skyscrapers from 46 to 76 floors high after its full completion in 2025.
A handful of pre-existing indigenous villages are also retained in the new town design.
Tseung Kwan O displays the characteristics of acommuter town as only less than 10% of the workforce living there works within the same district, according to the 2016 Population By-census.[13]
Tseung Kwan O Industrial Estate is located in the southeastern part of the town.[14] Apart from various manufacturing industries that could not be housed in conventional multi-storey industrial buildings, the estate is also where a number of mass media outlets locate their headquarters at, includingTVB City, the headquarters of Hong Kong's largest television broadcaster, and news agencies likeApple Daily (forcibly closed on 24 June 2021) andSing Tao Daily. The industrial estate hosts a high concentration ofdata centres due to the fact that three out of the eightsubmarine communications cables connecting to Hong Kong make theirlandfall at the marine frontage of the estate.[15][16]
Bus routes 797M (NWFB) and 298E (KMB) connect the industrial estate to southern Tseung Kwan O. A spur line of the MTR'sTseung Kwan O line to theLOHAS Park station was completed in July 2009 and provides easy access to the industrial estate fromKowloon andHong Kong Island.
Tseung Kwan O has several major shopping complexes, all sitting atop of or in close proximity to MTR stations. The largest shopping centre in the new town now isMetro City Plaza, which boasts three phases surroundingPo Lam MTR station.
Hang Hau MTR station is surrounded by an extensive network of mid-sized shopping arcades linked by footbridges. The mainstay of this multifarious complex isEast Point City.
Tseung Kwan O Town Centre (Tseung Kwan O MTR station) is home toPark Central, PopCorn, andTseung Kwan O Plaza.
An iconic 480,000-square-foot MTR shopping mallThe LOHAS has been built atopLOHAS Park station. It has the largest indoor ice rink in Hong Kong as well as the largest cinema in Tseung Kwan O.
Tseung Kwan O is linked to urbanHong Kong Island by the namesakeTseung Kwan O line of theMTR metro system. The commutes from Po Lam and Tiu Keng Leng toCentral District take 31 and 24 minutes, respectively. Currently the line calls at five stations in the new town:Tiu Keng Leng,Tseung Kwan O,Hang Hau,Po Lam, andLOHAS Park.Tiu Keng Leng station is also the terminus of MTR'sKwun Tong line which connects the town withKowloon East. All MTR stations within the new town are either connected to or in the proximity of shopping centres and large private housing developments.
_Public_Transport_Interchange.JPG)
The new town is also well-covered by the local publicbus andminibus network. As of November 2019, a total of 50 bus routes ply between Tseung Kwan O and other districts of Hong Kong. Another 3 operate entirely within the new town. These are complemented by 37green minibus routes. On the other hand,red minibuses are banned from entering Tseung Kwan O.
Hong Kong's three major bus operators all haveroutes serving Tseung Kwan O.Kowloon Motor Bus, the major bus operator in the New Territories, serves mainlyPo Lam andHang Hau areas. Having successfully tendered for a package of bus routes serving southern Tseung Kwan O,New World First Bus now operates an extensive network servingTiu Keng Leng, Tseung Kwan O Town Centre and most of the town's southern part. The new town is linked to theairport at Chek Lap Kok by a handful ofCitybus routes.
Bus termini could be found atMetro City Plaza in Po Lam;Tsui Lam Estate andHong Sing Garden in Tsui Lam; Hang Hau station and Hang Hau (North) in Hang Hau; Tseung Kwan O station andSheung Tak Estate in Tseung Kwan O Town Centre; Tiu Keng Leng station andKin Ming Estate in Tiu Keng Leng; as well as atOscar by the Sea,LOHAS Park and the Industrial Estate in the town's southeastern part.
The new town is connected to urbanKowloon through two road tunnels. TheTseung Kwan O Tunnel acts as the major road link between Tseung Kwan O and Kwun Tong. Built to alleviate the heavy pressure on Tseung Kwan O Tunnel, theTseung Kwan O – Lam Tin Tunnel opened to traffic in 2022 and offers a more direct linkage to theEastern Harbour Crossing.
Other main roads leading to Tseung Kwan O include:
TheTseung Kwan O Cross Bay Bridge spans Junk Bay and is Hong Kong's first marine viaduct that boasts carriageways, a cycle track and a footway.[17]
Tseung Kwan O Hospital in Hang Hau North is the onlysecondary care hospital within the new town boasting a 24-houremergency department.
Situated on the western slopes of Tseung Kwan O isHaven of Hope Hospital, where subacute medical care, comprehensive rehabilitation and long-term care is provided.
The two hospitals are supplemented by public healthcare facilities like the Tseung Kwan O Jockey Club General Out-patient Clinic and Po Ning Road Health Centre, as well as the numerous private physician practices scattered among the various residential areas in the new town.
East of theTseung Kwan O Industrial Estate is the 10-hectare South East New Territories Landfill (SENT), one of the three remaining landfills in Hong Kong.
Tseung Kwan O's largest cultural and recreational complex is situated by the road interchange at the end of Tseung Kwan O Tunnel Road. It comprises a swimming Pool, anindoor games hall and a public library. Additional sports centres are available inPo Lam Estate, Hang Hau and Tiu Keng Leng, albeit smaller in size. Tseung Kwan O still lacks a performing arts centre, however.
Located between Tseung Kwan O Town Centre and Hang Hau,Tseung Kwan O Sports Ground was built for the2009 East Asian Games. It was completed in early 2009 and started to hosttop-division football matches afterwards. The adjacentHong Kong Velodrome has also hosted world-class cycling events like the2017 UCI Track Cycling World Championships, since its completion in 2013.
Tseung Kwan O Football Training Centre is being developed to deliver six state of the art pitches; three artificial and three natural. It is being funded by the Hong Kong Jockey Club, spearheaded byHong Kong Football Association, and constructed by Projexasia.
There are twopublic libraries in Tseung Kwan O. The amphitheatre-shaped Tseung Kwan O Public Library, which opened in 2001, is part of the new town's largest recreational complex mentioned above.[18] It was the only library in the new town until 2015, when the Tiu Keng Leng Public Library was established. Both libraries belong to theHong Kong Public Libraries system managed by theLeisure and Cultural Services Department.
Tseung Kwan O has an array of 24 primary schools and 24 secondary schools teaching the local curriculum, scattering across its major residential areas. There are also more than 40 kindergartens in the new town. In 2018, theFrench International School of Hong Kong (香港法國國際學校) andShrewsbury International School Hong Kong (思貝禮國際學校) opened their campuses in the new town, in Areas 67 and 85 of Tseung Kwan O respectively.[19]
Tseung Kwan O is in Primary One Admission (POA) School Net 95. Within the school net are multiple aided schools (operated independently but funded with government money) and one government school: Tseung Kwan O Government Primary School (將軍澳官立小學).[20]
Tiu Keng Leng is home to theHong Kong Design Institute and Lee Wai Lee Campus of theHong Kong Institute of Vocational Education (IVE), twovocational education establishments operated by theVocational Training Council.Caritas Institute of Higher Education is also located in the same neighbourhood. Although not located within the new town's boundaries,The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology is only a 10-minute ride fromHang Hau in the new town.
TheFire and Ambulance Services Academy, where all new recruits of theHong Kong Fire Services Department are trained, is located inPak Shing Kok of Tseung Kwan O South.
The town is located withinSai Kung District and covered by a number of[quantify] constituencies of theDistrict Council. However, except several functions that are provided by theHome Affairs Department, the executive branch of the Hong Kong Government and its departments are not subdivided along the same borders as the districts and often have their own subdivisions. For example, the public hospitals of the town belong to theKowloon East Cluster of theHospital Authority.
| Climate data for Tseung Kwan O (1993–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 19.0 (66.2) | 19.7 (67.5) | 21.5 (70.7) | 25.1 (77.2) | 28.8 (83.8) | 30.7 (87.3) | 31.9 (89.4) | 31.8 (89.2) | 31.1 (88.0) | 28.7 (83.7) | 25.2 (77.4) | 21.0 (69.8) | 26.2 (79.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 15.5 (59.9) | 16.5 (61.7) | 18.7 (65.7) | 22.0 (71.6) | 25.8 (78.4) | 27.8 (82.0) | 28.4 (83.1) | 28.1 (82.6) | 27.3 (81.1) | 24.9 (76.8) | 21.5 (70.7) | 17.4 (63.3) | 22.8 (73.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 12.9 (55.2) | 14.1 (57.4) | 16.4 (61.5) | 19.8 (67.6) | 23.5 (74.3) | 25.5 (77.9) | 25.9 (78.6) | 25.6 (78.1) | 24.8 (76.6) | 22.3 (72.1) | 18.9 (66.0) | 14.3 (57.7) | 20.3 (68.6) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 24.4 (0.96) | 33.3 (1.31) | 88.8 (3.50) | 128.4 (5.06) | 331.7 (13.06) | 491.7 (19.36) | 344.4 (13.56) | 369.3 (14.54) | 338.4 (13.32) | 97.4 (3.83) | 49.9 (1.96) | 23.6 (0.93) | 2,321.3 (91.39) |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 74.8 | 80.2 | 82.4 | 85.1 | 85.3 | 85.0 | 83.4 | 84.5 | 81.3 | 74.8 | 74.5 | 71.1 | 80.2 |
| Source:Hong Kong Observatory[21] | |||||||||||||
| Areas | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Landmarks |
| ||||
| Education |
| ||||
| MTR stations | |||||
| Media | |||||
| Islands |
| ||||
| History |
| ||||
This list is incomplete. | |||||
Urban areas of Hong Kong, Kowloon and New Territories | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MHong Kong1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9a,10,11,12,14,15,16 |
|  | |||||||||
| MKowloonKL,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9a,10,11,12,14,15,16 |
| ||||||||||
| MNew KowloonNKL,2,3,4,5,6,7,9a,10,11,12,14,15,16 |
| ||||||||||
| New Territories |
| ||||||||||
Official place names are summarized from "Geoinfo Map" of Government ofHong Kong Special Administrative Region, "Hong Kong Guide" ofLands Department, "Hong Kong Guide Book" of Universal Publications Ltd. and "Areas and Districts" ofRating and Valuation Department. M：Narrow meaning of urban areas KL:Kowloon Peninsula at the south ofBoundary Street NKL: Former New Territories area at the north of Boundary Street and at the south ofLion Rock 1: Common definition (1) 2: Common definition (2) 3: Common definition (3) 4: Areas not adopting small house concessionary right ofindigenous inhabitants 5: Jurisdiction area of formerUrban Council 6: Definition of "Metropolitan Area" ofPlanning Department 7: Jurisdiction area ofUrban Renewal Authority 8: Unique operating area ofurban taxis 9: "Urban" (9a) and "Extended Urban" (9b) areas defined byHong Kong Housing Authority 10: Definition of Urbanrates 11: Hospital cluster belongs to Hong Kong or Kowloon 12: Police region belongs to Hong Kong or Kowloon 13: Regions having 999-year land lease 14:Geographical Constituency inHong Kong Legislative Council belongs to Hong Kong or Kowloon 15:Regional Education Office belongs to Hong Kong or Kowloon 16:Primary One Admission School Net belongs to Hong Kong or Kowloon | |||||||||||
22°18′15″N114°14′58″E / 22.3043°N 114.2494°E /22.3043; 114.2494
