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Trigonostylops

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Genus of mammals (fossil)

Trigonostylops Temporal range:Late Paleocene-Late Eocene (Riochican-Tinguirirican) ~58.7–33.9 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N

Skull restoration ofTrigonostylops
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	†Astrapotheria
Family:	†Trigonostylopidae
Genus:	†Trigonostylops Ameghino 1897
Type species
Trigonostylops wortmani Ameghino 1897
Species
T. gegenbauriRoth 1899 T. wortmaniAmeghino 1897

Trigonostylops is an extinct genus of South Americanmeridiungulatan ungulate, from theLate Paleocene toLate Eocene (Itaboraian toTinguirirican in theSALMA classification) of South America (Argentina andPeru) and Antarctica (Seymour Island). It is the only member of the familyTrigonostylopidae.

Description

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A completeskull of thetype species,T. wortmani, has been found, and it has been classified as anastrapothere based on its large lower incisors.^[1]

Phylogeny

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Cladogram based in thephylogenetic analysis published by Vallejo Parejaet al., 2015, showing the position ofTrigonostylops:^[2]

Trigonostylops

Scaglia

	Astrapotherium

	Astrapothericulus

Uruguaytheriinae

Uruguaytherium

	Hilarcotherium

	Xenastrapotherium

Granastrapotherium

Distribution

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Trigonostylops is located in South America

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Locations ofTrigonostylops fossils

Pozo Formation

Sarmiento Formation

Las Flores Formation
Not show:La Meseta Formation inSeymour Island, Antarctica

Fossils ofTrigonostylops have been found in:^[3]

Paleocene

Las Flores Formation,Argentina^[4]

Eocene

La Meseta Formation, Antarctica^[5]
Casamayor,Divisadero Largo,Koluel Kaike andSarmiento Formations,Argentina^[6]^[7]
Pozo Formation,Peru^[8]

References

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Wikimedia Commons has media related toTrigonostylops.

^Palmer, D., ed. (1999).The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals. London: Marshall Editions. p. 249.ISBN 978-1-84028-152-1.
^Vallejo Pareja et al., 2015
^Trigonostylops atFossilworks.org
^Goin et al., 2009
^Dzik & Gaździcki, 2001
^Vera, 2012
^Cifelli, 29185, p.5
^Antoine et al., 2011

Bibliography

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Antoine, P.O.; Marivaux, L.;Croft, D.A.; Billet, G.; Ganerod, M.;Jaramillo, C.; Martin, T.; Orliac, M.; Tejada, J.; Altamirano, A. J.; Duranthon, F.; Fanjat, G.; Rousse, S.; Salas Gismondi, R. (2011)."Middle Eocene rodents from Peruvian Amazonia reveal the pattern and timing of caviomorph origins and biogeography".Proceedings of the Royal Society B.279 (1732):1319–1326.doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.1732.PMC 3282368.PMID 21993503.S2CID 26368929. Retrieved2019-02-14.
Cifelli, R (1985)."Biostratigraphy of the Casamayoran, Early Eocene of Patagonia"(PDF).American Museum Novitates (2820):1–26. Retrieved2019-02-14.
Dzik, J.; Gaździcki, A. (2001)."The Eocene expansion of nautilids to high latitudes"(PDF).Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology.172 (3–4):297–312.Bibcode:2001PPP...172..297D.doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(01)00304-2. Retrieved2019-02-14.
Goin, F.J.; Candela, A.M.; Abello, M.A.; Oliveira, E.V. (2009)."Earliest South American paucituberculatans and their significance in the understanding of 'pseudodiprotodont' marsupial radiations".Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society.155 (4):867–884.doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00471.x.S2CID 84131123. Retrieved2019-02-14.
Vallejo Pareja, M.C.; Carrillo, J.D.; Moreno Bernal, J.W.; Pardo Jaramillo, M.; Rodríguez González, D.F.; Muñoz Duran, J. (2015)."Hilarcotherium castanedaii, gen. et sp. nov., a new Miocene astrapothere (Mammalia, Astrapotheriidae) from the Upper Magdalena Valley, Colombia"(PDF).Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich.35 (2):1–14.Bibcode:2015JVPal..35E3960V.doi:10.1080/02724634.2014.903960.S2CID 130728894. Retrieved2019-02-14.
Vera, B (2012)."Revisión del géneroTranspithecus Ameghino, 1901 (Notoungulata, Interatheriidae) del Eoceno medio de Patagonia, Argentina".Ameghiniana.49:60–74.doi:10.5710/AMGH.v49i1(361).S2CID 130102948. Retrieved2019-02-14.

Genera ofSouth American native ungulates

Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Mammalia
Superorder:Laurasiatheria

Xenungulata,Pyrotheria,Astrapotheria, and other minor groups

†Carodniidae	Carodnia Etayoa Notoetayoa Rodcania

†Pyrotheria

†Colombitheriidae	Colombitherium Proticia
†Pyrotheriidae	Baguatherium Berracotherium Carolozittelia Griphodon Propyrotherium Pyrotherium

†Astrapotheria

Eoastrapostylops

†Trigonostylopidae

†Astrapotheriidae

Antarctodon Astrapodon Comahuetherium Liarthrus Maddenia Parastrapotherium
†Albertogaudryinae	Albertogaudrya Astraponotus
†Astrapotheriinae	Astrapothericulus Astrapotherium Scaglia
†Uruguaytheriinae	Granastrapotherium Hilarcotherium Uruguaytherium Xenastrapotherium

Polymorphis
†Cramaucheniinae	Caliphrium Coniopternium Cramauchenia Llullataruca Phoenixauchenia Pternoconius Theosodon
†Macraucheniinae	Cullinia Huayqueriana Macrauchenia Macraucheniopsis Micrauchenia Oxyodontherium Paranauchenia Promacrauchenia Scalabrinitherium Windhausenia Xenorhinotherium

†Proterotherioidea

†Anisolambdidae

†Anisolambdinae	Anisolambda Eolicaphrium Guilielmofloweria Lambdaconops Paranisolambda Polyacrodon Protheosodon Wainka
†Sparnotheriodontinae	Heteroglyphis Notiolofos Phoradiadius Sparnotheriodon Victorlemoinea

†Proterotheriidae

Mesolicaphrium Neodolodus Olisanophus Promylophis Prothoatherium Pseudobrachytherium Salladolodus
†Megadolodinae	Bounodus Megadolodus
†Proterotheriinae	Anisolophus Brachytherium Diadiaphorus Diplasiotherium Eoauchenia Epecuenia Epitherium Lambdaconus Neobrachytherium Neolicaphrium Paramacrauchenia Picturotherium Prolicaphrium Proterotherium Tetramerorhinus Thoatheriopsis Thoatherium Uruguayodon Villarroelia

†Notopterna

†Amilnedwardsiidae	Amilnedwardsia Ernestohaeckelia Rutimeyeria
†Indaleciidae	Adiantoides Indalecia
†Notonychopidae	Notonychops Requisia

Incertae sedis

Kyraodus
Proacrodon

Notoungulata

incertae sedis

†Notioprogonia

Satshatemnus Seudenius
†Henricosborniidae	Henricosbornia Nanolophodon Othnielmarshia Peripantostylops Simpsonotus
†Notostylopidae	Boreastylops Chilestylops Edvardotrouessartia Homalostylops Notostylops Otrhonia Parastylops

Campanorco
Griphotherion

†Archaeopithecidae

†Oldfieldthomasiidae

†Interatheriidae

Antofagastia Ignigena Johnbell Munizia Punapithecus
†Interatheriinae	Archaeophylus Argyrohyrax Boleatherium Brucemacfaddenia Caenophilus Choichephilum Cochilius Eopachyrucos Federicoanaya Interatherium Juchuysillu Miocochilius Neoicochilus Patriarchus Proargyrohyrax Progaleopithecus Protypotherium Santiagorothia
†Notopithecinae	Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus

†Mesotheriidae

Fiandraia? Trachytherus
†Mesotheriinae	Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium Eotypotherium Eutypotherium Hypsitherium Mesotherium Microtypotherium Plesiotypotherium Pseudotypotherium Rusconitherium Typotheriopsis