Tricking is a method for indicating thetinctures (colours) used in acoat of arms by means of text abbreviations written directly on the illustration. Tricking andhatching are the two primary methods employed in the system ofheraldry to show colour in black and white illustrations.
Heraldry has always had some methods to designate thetinctures of arms. The earliest such method wasblazon, which is describing the arms by words. The earliest surviving blazon is from the work ofChrétien de Troyes from the late 12th century.[2] The English heraldry system still uses a form of blazon almost unchanged since the reign ofEdward I.
Traditionally, images in heraldic manuscripts such asrolls of arms andarmorials are all coloured. With the spread of theprinting press,woodblock printing and copperplateengravings from the late 15th century, there arose the need for designating the colours in uncoloured illustrations as well, since printing in full colour was too labour- and cost-intensive. As a rule, two main methods were applied to achieve this – tricking, or giving designations to the tinctures after the initials of the given colours; andhatching, which is ascribing designations to the tinctures by means of lines and dots. While the first method was introduced and developed by theheralds, the second model was developed and adopted by the heraldists.[citation needed] In addition, some other methods were also in use such as giving designations to tinctures by using the numbers from 1 to 7.[citation needed]
Until the 16th century, heraldic sources designatedtinctures with the regular names of the colours.[3] By the middle of the century, heraldic writers started using the initials of the tinctures after the initials of the given colours.[4] Almost simultaneously, Don Alphonsus [Francisco]Ciacconius, a Rome-based Spanish Dominican scholar, named the tinctures after their Latin initials.[citation needed]Or was designated with "A", foraurum;argent with "a" forargentum;azure with "c" forcaeruleus;gules with "r" forrubeus; andvert by "v" forviridis. Though the sign forsable (niger in Latin) was not present in his system, traditionally it was designated with the black colour itself.
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From the early 17th century, tricking declined. However, it is sometimes still in use, mainly in British heraldry.
Heralds did not likehatching, since tricking was much easier to write and engrave. TheCollege of Arms gave preference to tricking even beyond the 17th century, sometimes even on the coloured and hatched images. However, tricking's letters were often traced badly since they were not always immediately understood, thus leading to erroneous interpretations.
Otto Titan von Hefner, a 19th-century German herald, maintained that the first traces of hatching on thewoodcuts began during the 15th and 16th centuries. Both tricking as well as hatching were applied byVincenzo Borghini, a Benedictine monk, philologist and outstanding historian. He drew a difference between the metals and the colours on the woodcuts of his work by leaving the places blank on the arms for all metals; similarly all colours were hatched by the same way, as the colourvert is being used today. Besides this, tinctures were designated in the fields and on the ordinaries and charges by tricking: R–rosso–gules, A–azure–azure, N–nigro–sable, G–gialbo–yellow (Or), and B–biancho–white (argent). Notably,vert was not present on the arms presented by him.
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