Trawniki | |
|---|---|
Village | |
 Parish church | |
  Trawniki | |
| Coordinates:51°7′55″N23°0′9″E / 51.13194°N 23.00250°E /51.13194; 23.00250 | |
| Country |  Poland |
| Voivodeship |  Lublin |
| County | Świdnik |
| Gmina | Trawniki |
| Population | |
• Total | 2,893 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Vehicle registration | LSW |
Trawniki[travˈniki] is avillage inŚwidnik County,Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It is the seat of thegmina (administrative district) calledGmina Trawniki.[1] It lies approximately 24 km (15 mi) south-east ofŚwidnik and 33 km (21 mi) south-east of the regional capitalLublin, and the riverWieprz flows by it.
The village was mentioned asTrawnik in a chronicle byJan Długosz.[2] It was administratively located in theLublin Voivodeship in theLesser Poland Province of the Kingdom of Poland.
During theThird Partition of Poland in 1795, Trawniki was annexed byAustria. After the Polish victory in theAustro-Polish War of 1809 it was regained by Poles and included within the short-lived PolishDuchy of Warsaw. Following the duchy's dissolution in 1815, it was part of theRussian-controlledCongress Poland, since 1837 administratively located in theLublin Governorate. In 1827, it had a population of 240.[2] The Russian government planned to use its train station to transport Russian troops to fightAustria-Hungary duringWorld War I.[3] After World War I, Poland regained independence and control of the village.
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DuringWorld War II and theGerman occupation of Poland, Trawniki was the location of theTrawniki concentration camp. This camp providedslave labourers for nearby industrial plants of theSSOstindustrie. They worked in appalling conditions with little food, and many died of disease, malnutrition and ill treatment.[4]
From September 1941 until July 1944,[5] the camp was also used for training guards recruited fromSovietPOWs, who were known as "Hiwi" (German letterword for 'Hilfswillige', lit."those willing to help"), for service withAuxiliary police inoccupied Poland.
In addition to serving as guards at concentration and death camps, theTrawniki men (German:Trawnikimänner) took part inOperation Reinhard, the Nazi extermination ofPolish Jews. They conducted executions atextermination camps and in Jewish ghettos, including atBelzec,Sobibor,Treblinka II,Warsaw (three times, seeStroop Report),Częstochowa,Lublin,Lwów,Radom,Kraków,Białystok (twice),Majdanek as well asAuschwitz, and Trawniki itself.[4][5]
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)[...] at Trawniki, where troops would be unloaded for the Austro-Hungarian front, twenty trains could arrive in a day, but, for lack of long platforms, only ten of them could be unloaded.
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