| Transportation Plan | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part ofStrategic bombing campaigns in Europe | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 United States United Kingdom |  Nazi Germany | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
USAAF:Carl Spaatz | |||||||
TheTransportation Plan was a plan forstrategic bombing during World War II against bridges, rail centres, includingmarshalling yards and repair shops inFrance with the goal of limiting the German military response to theinvasion of France in June 1944.
The plan was based on those of Air MarshalTedder and the"Overlord air plan" of Air Chief MarshalLeigh-Mallory,[4] The plan was devised by ProfessorSolly Zuckerman, an advisor to theAir Ministry, to destroy transportation inOccupied France during the "preparatory period" forOperation Overlord so Germany would be unable to respond effectively to the invasion.[5][6]
The air campaign, carried out by the bombers of theRAF andUSAAF crippled the German rail networks in France and played a crucial role in disrupting German logistics and reinforcements to the invasion area.[7]
Air Officer Commanding (AOC)RAF Bomber Command MarshalArthur Harris did not want to divert his bomber force away from their strategic campaign against German industry (known to the Germans as theDefence of the Reich campaign). However, he resigned himself early on to supporting Overlord as early as 17 February 1944 while his force was engaged in thebombing campaign against Berlin.[8]On 6 March 1944,Charles Portal ordered attacks on the marshalling yards atTrappes,Aulnoye,Le Mans,Amiens,Lougeau,Courtrai andLaon. Control of all air operations was transferred to Eisenhower on 14 April at noon.[9]
 |
| Date | Target | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| night of 7/8 March | Le Mans railway yards | 304 RAF bombers attacked Le Mans.[10] |
| night of 13/14 March | Le Mans | Repeat attack on Le Mans by 222 RAF bombers.[11] |
| night of 15/16 March | Amiens | 140 RAF aircraft |
| night 23/24 March | Laon railway yards | 143 RAF aircraft but attack stopped half-way through. The bombing had little effect.[citation needed] |
| 25/26 March | Aulnoyne railway yards | 192 RAF aircraft |
| 18 April | Juvisy, France | attack by the RAF of the railway marshalling yards in Juvisy, France |
| 18 April | Noisy-le-sec, France | attack by the RAF of the Noisy-le-sec train station, France |
| 22 April | Hamm, Germany | 800 bombers attacked railway marshalling yards in Hamm, Germany.[12] |
| May 1944 | France | Attacks on railway yards in Chambery and across southern France killed more than 2,500 people.[13][14][15][16][17][18][19] |
| 10 June | Étampes, France | Bombing of the railway marshalling yards in Étampes, France |
The effectiveness of the Transport Plan was evident in German reports at the time. A GermanAir Ministry (RLM) report of 13 June 1944 stated: "The raids...have caused the breakdown of all main lines; thecoast defences have been cut off from the supply bases in the interior...producing a situation which threatens to have serious consequences" and that although "transportation of essential supplies for the civilian population have been completely...large scale strategic movement of German troops by rail is practically impossible at the present time and must remain so while attacks are maintained at their present intensity".[20]
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)