This article is about the city's historic tram system. For the rubber tyre tram system in Zhangjiang, Shanghai, seeZhangjiang Tram. For the tram system in Songjiang, Shanghai, seeSongjiang Tram. For the trolleybus system, seeTrolleybuses in Shanghai.
First generation trams in Shanghai began operating in 1908 using a steel wheeledelectric system until the last was closed in December 1, 1975. The last operating tram line in Shanghai was No. 3, which ran fromHongkou Park to Jiangwan Wujiaochang. It was dismantled in 1975, and replaced by the 93 bus (which later changed to the 139 bus).[1] In the early days of operation, tram cars were partitioned to provide first- and second-class seating. Some trams, principally for the Chinese workers, were designated as third-class.
The first proposal for a tram network in Shanghai was in 1881;Jardine Matheson proposed to the French Concession Board of Directors the opening of tram services in theFrench Concession, and both parties began planning for a tram network. The Board of Directors adopted the initiative and began planning a tram network.[2]
The first tram line in Shanghai (China’s first tram appeared in Beijing in 1899),Yingshang No. 1, opened on January 21, 1908, and operated betweenJing'an Temple andThe Bund. The line was 6.04 kilometers long and operated by British commercial interests.[3][4] Later that year, the French completed an 8.5 km tram line betweenThe Bund andXujiahui. In 1912, a locally operated Chinese system opened inNanshi District.[5] The Chinese system started on August 11, 1913.
On November 14, 1914, Shanghai was the first city in China to usetrolleybuses in the former French Concession.
Three tram companies expanded their routes step by step, and collectively reached their maximum extent in 1925 with 328 tramcars and 14 routes. By the 1920s, trams carried supplementary letters to their numbers: 'B' for British and 'F' for French.
TheBritish system ("Shanghai Tramways"; The Shanghai Electric Construction Co. Ltd.) was the largest with seven routes and 216 trams;
TheFrench system ("La Compagnie Francaise de Tramways et d'Eclairage Electrique de Changhai") had three routes and 60 trams;
TheChinese system ("Chinese Tramways Company"; Chinese Electric Power Co. Ltd.) had four routes and 52 trams, totaling 23.5 km in length.[6]
1903 map showing the built and planned tram routes in the French concession
1936 Shanghai tram map on recent street map
1936 Shanghai tram map
1937 Shanghai tram map with all three systems
1939 tram map of the Shanghai International Settlement, showing disrupted routes
During the Japanese occupation of Shanghai inWorld War II in 1942, the British and French tram systems were placed under the control of the Japanese backedpuppet state of theReorganized Republic of China. During the occupation, some tram lines were demolished to support the Japanesewar effort. AfterJapanese surrender in 1945, the tram systems were transferred back to original owners.[3]
During theKorean War, anti-western sentiment and sanctions by the United States made it very difficult for the British and French to operate their respective systems. By 1952 and 1953, the British and French companies were shut down and the three tram systems were consolidated and turned over to local control as part of amass campaigns of theCommunist Party to expel foreign influence.[5] Starting from the late-1960s, the number of buses, taxis and private cars increased rapidly, taking over more streetspace and causing traffic congestion. The congestion greatly affected the quality of tram services, and tram lines were gradually dismantled or converted intotrolleybus lines. The last tram line,No. 3 (from Hongkou Park to Wujiaochang) was dismantled in 1975.
Tramways ran onmeter-gauge track with conventional overhead current collection.
On the British tramways, traditional four-wheel single-deck cars built by the Brush Electrical Engineering Company Limited in their Falcon Works at Loughborough, England were utilized. These trams were similar to the trams of London'sMetropolitan Electric Tramways that were used for their Alexandra Palace line.
^Zhang, Hai 张海 (March 31, 2008).旧上海的轨道交通 [Rail Transit in Old Shanghai].上海档案信息网 (in Chinese). Archived fromthe original on January 22, 2022. RetrievedMarch 31, 2008.
Shanghai Metro
Trams
Bus
Shanghai Suburban Railway
OtherCR railways
