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Taylor Swift

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American singer-songwriter (born 1989)
For other uses, seeTaylor Swift (disambiguation).

Taylor Swift
Swift glancing towards her left
Swift in 2023
Born
Taylor Alison Swift

(1989-12-13)December 13, 1989 (age 35)
Occupations
  • Singer-songwriter
  • record producer
  • actress
  • director
Years active2003–present
OrganizationTaylor Swift Productions
Works
Relatives
AwardsFull list
Musical career
OriginNashville, Tennessee, US
Genres
Instruments
  • Vocals
  • guitar
  • piano
  • banjo
  • ukulele
Labels
Musical artist
Websitetaylorswift.comEdit this at Wikidata
Signature

Taylor Alison Swift (born December 13, 1989) is an American singer-songwriter. Known for her autobiographical songwriting, artistic versatility, andcultural impact, Swift is one of theworld's best-selling artists, thehighest-grossing touring artist, therichest female musician, and the first billionaire with music as the main source of income.

Swift signed toBig Machine Records in 2005, debuting as acountry singer with the albumsTaylor Swift (2006) andFearless (2008). The singles "Teardrops on My Guitar", "Love Story", and "You Belong with Me" foundcrossover success oncountry andpop radio formats. She incorporatedrock onSpeak Now (2010) andelectronic onRed (2012), later re-calibrating her image from country topop with thesynth-pop set1989 (2014); the ensuing media scrutiny inspired thehip-hop-imbuedReputation (2017). The albums contained theBillboard Hot 100 number-one singles "We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together", "Shake It Off", "Blank Space", "Bad Blood", and "Look What You Made Me Do".

Shifting toRepublic Records in 2018, Swift released theelectropop albumLover (2019) and exploredindie folk styles in the 2020 albumsFolklore andEvermore. She experimented with subdued pop genres onMidnights (2022) andThe Tortured Poets Department (2024), and began re-recording her Big Machine albums asTaylor's Version[a] due to anownership dispute with the label. In the U.S., a record seven of Swift's albums have soldone million copies first-week each, and she has garnered the number-one songs "Cardigan", "Willow", "All Too Well", "Anti-Hero", "Cruel Summer", "Is It Over Now?", and "Fortnight" through the 2020s. She has undertakensix concert tours, includingthe Eras Tour (2023–2024),the highest-grossing tour of all time.Her films includeMiss Americana (2020),All Too Well: The Short Film (2021), andThe Eras Tour (2023)—thehighest-grossing concert film.

Swift has receivedextensive media coverage and has a global fanbase known asSwifties. She has been listed amongst history's greatest artists by publications such asRolling Stone andBillboard, as well as the only individual from the arts to have been named theTime Person of the Year (2023).Her accolades include 14Grammy Awards (including a record fourAlbum of the Year wins), aPrimetime Emmy Award, and a record fiveIFPI Global Recording Artist of the Year awards. Swift is the most-awarded artist of theAmerican Music Awards (40), theBillboard Music Awards (49), and theMTV Video Music Awards (30).

Life and career

Early life

Taylor Alison Swift was born on December 13, 1989, inWest Reading, Pennsylvania.[1] She is named after the singer-songwriterJames Taylor and was purposefully given a unisex first name.[2][3] Her father, Scott Kingsley Swift, was astockbroker forMerrill Lynch, and her mother, Andrea Gardner Swift (née Finlay), worked as amutual fund marketing executive.[4] Swift's younger brother,Austin, is an actor.[5] The siblings are of Scottish, English, and German descent, with distant Italian and Irish ancestry.[6][7][8] Their maternal grandmother,Marjorie Finlay (née Moehlenkamp), was an opera singer,[9] whose singing in church became one of Swift's earliest memories of music that shaped her career.[4]

Swift spent her early years on aChristmas tree farm in Pennsylvania that her father had purchased from one of his clients,[10] and she spent her summers at her family's vacation home inStone Harbor, New Jersey, where she occasionally performed acoustic songs at a local coffee shop.[11] She is Christian[12] and attended preschool and kindergarten at aMontessori school run by theBernardine Sisters of St. Francis before transferring to theWyndcroft School.[13][14] When her family moved toWyomissing, she attendedWyomissing Area Junior/Senior High School.[15][16] As a child, she performed in Berks Youth Theatre Academy productions[17] and traveled regularly to New York City for vocal and acting lessons.[18] Her early love forcountry music was influenced byShania Twain,Patsy Cline,LeAnn Rimes, andthe Dixie Chicks,[14] and she spent weekends performing at local festivals and events.[19][20] After watching a documentary aboutFaith Hill, she became determined to pursue a country music career inNashville, Tennessee.[21]

At 11, Swift traveled to Nashville with her mother to visit record labels and submit demo tapes ofDolly Parton and Dixie Chicks karaoke covers.[22] She was rejected by all the labels, which led her to focus on songwriting.[23] She started learning the guitar at 12 with the help of Ronnie Cremer, a computer repairman and local musician who also assisted Swift with writing an original song.[24] In 2003, Swift and her parents started working with the talent manager Dan Dymtrow. With his help, Swift modeled forAbercrombie & Fitch and had an original song included on aMaybelline compilation CD.[25] After performing original songs at anRCA Records showcase, 13-year-old Swift was given an artist development deal and began to travel regularly to Nashville with her mother.[26][27] To help Swift break into the country music scene, her father transferred to Merrill Lynch's Nashville office when she was 14 years old, and the family relocated toHendersonville, Tennessee.[28][29] Swift attendedHendersonville High School[30] before transferring to Aaron Academy after two years, which better accommodated her touring schedule through homeschooling. She graduated one year early.[3][31]

2004–2008: Career beginnings and first album

In Nashville, Swift worked with experiencedMusic Row songwriters such asTroy Verges,Brett Beavers,Brett James,Mac McAnally, andthe Warren Brothers[32][33] and formed a lasting working relationship withLiz Rose.[34] They began meeting for two-hour writing sessions every Tuesday afternoon after school.[35] Rose called the sessions "some of the easiest I've ever done. Basically, I was just her editor. She'd write about what happened in school that day. She had such a clear vision of what she was trying to say. And she'd come in with the most incredible hooks." At 14, Swift became the youngest artist signed bySony/ATV Tree Music Publishing.[36] She left RCA Records due to the label's lack of care and their "cut[ting] other people's stuff". She was also concerned that development deals can shelve artists[27][20] and recalled: "I genuinely felt that I was running out of time. I wanted to capture these years of my life on an album while they still represented what I was going through."[37]

Taylor Swift singing on a microphone and playing a guitar
Swift opening forBrad Paisley in 2007. To promote herfirst album, she opened tours for other country musicians in 2007 and 2008.[38]

At an industry showcase at Nashville'sBluebird Cafe in 2005, Swift caught the attention ofScott Borchetta, aDreamWorks Records executive who was preparing to form an independent record label,Big Machine Records. She had first met Borchetta in 2004.[39] She was one of Big Machine's first signings,[27] and her father purchased a three-percent stake in the company for an estimated $120,000.[40][41] She began working on hereponymous debut album withNathan Chapman.[20] Swift wrote or co-wrote all album tracks, and co-writers included Rose,Robert Ellis Orrall, Brian Maher, andAngelo Petraglia.[42] Released in October 2006,Taylor Swift peaked at number five on the USBillboard 200, on which it spent 157 weeks—the longest stay on the chart by any release in the US in the 2000s decade.[43][44] Swift became the first female country music artist to write or co-write every track on aplatinum-certified debut album.[45]

Big Machine Records was still in its infancy during the June 2006 release of thelead single, "Tim McGraw", which Swift and her mother helped promote by packaging and sending copies of the CD single to country radio stations.[46] She spent much of 2006 promotingTaylor Swift with a radio tour and television appearances; she opened forRascal Flatts on select dates during their 2006 tour,[47] as a replacement forEric Church.[48] Borchetta said that although record industry peers initially disapproved of his signing a 15-year-old singer-songwriter, Swift tapped into a previously unknown market—teenage girls who listen to country music.[46][28]

Following "Tim McGraw", four more singles were released throughout 2007 and 2008: "Teardrops on My Guitar", "Our Song", "Picture to Burn", and "Should've Said No". All appeared onBillboard'sHot Country Songs, with "Our Song" and "Should've Said No" reaching number one. "Our Song" made Swift the youngest person to single-handedly write and sing a Hot Country Songs number-one single,[49] and "Teardrops on My Guitar" was Swift's breakthrough single on mainstream radio and charts.[50][51][52] Swift released two EPs,The Taylor Swift Holiday Collection in October 2007 andBeautiful Eyes in July 2008.[53][54] She promoted her debut album extensively as the opening act for other country musicians' tours in 2006 and 2007, including those byGeorge Strait,[55]Brad Paisley,[56] andTim McGraw and Faith Hill.[57]

Swift won multiple accolades forTaylor Swift. She was one of the recipients of theNashville Songwriters Association's Songwriter/Artist of the Year in 2007, becoming the youngest person given the title.[58] She also won theCountry Music Association's Horizon Award for Best New Artist,[59] theAcademy of Country Music Awards' Top New Female Vocalist,[60] and theAmerican Music Awards' Favorite Country Female Artist honor.[61] She was also nominated forBest New Artist at the50th Annual Grammy Awards.[62] In 2008, she opened forRascal Flatts again[63] and briefly dated the singerJoe Jonas.[64]

2008–2010:Fearless

Taylor Swift in 2009
Swift at the 2009 premiere ofHannah Montana: The Movie. She had a cameo appearance in the film and wrote two songs forits soundtrack.

Swift's second studio album,Fearless, was released in November 2008 in North America,[65] and in March 2009 in other markets.[66] On theBillboard 200,Fearless spent 11 weeks at number one, becoming Swift's first chart topper and the longest-running number-one female country album.[67] It was the bestselling album of 2009 in the US.[68] Its lead single, "Love Story", was her first number one in Australia and the first country song to topBillboard'sPop Songs chart,[69][70] and its third single, "You Belong with Me", was the first country song to topBillboard's all-genreRadio Songs chart.[71] Three other singles were released in 2008–2010: "White Horse", "Fifteen", and "Fearless". All five singles were Hot Country Songs top 10 entries, with "Love Story" and "You Belong with Me" topping the chart.[72] In 2009, Swift toured as an opening act forKeith Urban and embarked on her first headlining tour, theFearless Tour.[73]

"You Belong with Me" wonBest Female Video at the2009 MTV Video Music Awards.[74] Her acceptance speechwas interrupted by the rapperKanye West, an incident that became the subject of controversy and widespread media coverage.[75] That year, Swift won five American Music Awards, includingArtist of the Year and Favorite Country Album.[76]Billboard named her the 2009Artist of the Year.[77] She won Video of the Year and Female Video of the Year for "Love Story" at the 2009CMT Music Awards, where she made a parody video of the song with rapperT-Pain called "Thug Story".[78] At the52nd Annual Grammy Awards,Fearless was namedAlbum of the Year andBest Country Album, and "White Horse" wonBest Country Song andBest Female Country Vocal Performance.[79] At the2009 Country Music Association Awards, Swift won Album of the Year forFearless and was named Entertainer of the Year, the youngest person to win the honor.[80]

Throughout 2009, Swift featured on and wrote other musicians' releases. She featured on "Half of My Heart" byJohn Mayer, whom she was romantically linked with in late 2009.[81][82] She wrote "Best Days of Your Life" forKellie Pickler,[83] co-wrote and featured onBoys Like Girls' "Two Is Better Than One,[84] and wrote two songs—"You'll Always Find Your Way Back Home" and "Crazier"—for thesoundtrack ofHannah Montana: The Movie, in which she had a cameo appearance.[85][86] She wrote and recorded "Today Was a Fairytale" for thesoundtrack ofValentine's Day (2010), in which she had her acting debut.[87] "Today Was a Fairytale" was her first number-one single on theCanadian Hot 100.[88] While shootingValentine's Day in October 2009, Swift dated co-starTaylor Lautner.[89] On television, she made her debut as a rebellious teenager in anCSI: Crime Scene Investigation episode[90] and hosted and performed as the musical guest onSaturday Night Live; she was the first host ever to write their own opening monologue.[91][92]

2010–2014:Speak Now andRed

Swift singing into a mic while playing a guitar, dressed in a purple dress
Swift on theSpeak Now World Tour in 2011

Swift's third studio album,Speak Now, was released in October 2010.[93] Written solely by Swift,[94] the album debuted theBillboard 200 with over one million US copies sold first week[95] and became the fastest-selling digital album by a female artist.[96]Speak Now was supported by six singles: "Mine", "Back to December", "Mean", "The Story of Us", "Sparks Fly", and "Ours". "Mine" peaked at number three and was the highest-charting single on theBillboard Hot 100,[97] the first three singles reached the top 10 in Canada,[88] and the last two reached number one on Hot Country Songs.[72] Swift promotedSpeak Now with theSpeak Now World Tour from February 2011 to March 2012[98] and the live albumSpeak Now World Tour – Live.[99]At the54th Annual Grammy Awards in 2012, Swift performed "Mean", which won Best Country Song andBest Country Solo Performance.[100] She was named Songwriter/Artist of the Year by the Nashville Songwriters Association (2010 and 2011),[101][102] Woman of the Year byBillboard (2011),[103] and Entertainer of the Year by theAcademy of Country Music (2011 and 2012)[104] and the Country Music Association in 2011.[105] At theAmerican Music Awards of 2011, Swift won Artist of the Year and Favorite Country Album.[106]Rolling Stone namedSpeak Now on its list of "50 Best Female Albums of All Time" (2012).[107]

Red, Swift's fourth studio album, was released in October 2012.[108] OnRed, Swift worked with Chapman and new producers includingMax Martin,Shellback,Dan Wilson,Jeff Bhasker,Dann Huff, andButch Walker, resulting in a genre-spanning record that incorporated eclectic styles of pop and rock such asBritrock,dubstep, anddance-pop.[109][110] The album opened at number one on theBillboard 200 with 1.21 million sales[111] and was Swift's first number-one album in the UK.[112] Its lead single, "We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together", was her first number one on theBillboard Hot 100,[113] and its third single, "I Knew You Were Trouble", reached the top five on charts worldwide.[114] Other singles fromRed were "Begin Again", "22", "Everything Has Changed", "The Last Time", and "Red".[115]

Swift in a red marching-band outfit holding a mic
Swift onthe Red Tour in 2013

Red and its single "Begin Again" received three nominations at the56th Annual Grammy Awards (2014).[116] Swift received American Music Awards for Best Female Country Artist in2012, Artist of the Year in2013,[117][118] and the Nashville Songwriters Association's Songwriter/Artist Award for the fifth and sixth consecutive years.[119] At the2014 Country Music Association Awards, Swift was honored with the Pinnacle Award, making her the second recipient in history afterGarth Brooks.[120]The Red Tour ran from March 2013 to June 2014 and became the highest-grossing country tour upon completion.[121]

Swift continued writing songs for films and featuring on other artists' releases. On thesoundtrack album toThe Hunger Games (2012), Swift wrote and recorded"Eyes Open" and "Safe & Sound"; the latter of which was co-written withthe Civil Wars andT-Bone Burnett. "Safe & Sound" won theGrammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media.[122] She wrote and produced "Sweeter than Fiction" withJack Antonoff for the soundtrack toOne Chance (2013).[123] Swift featured onB.o.B's "Both of Us" (2012)[124] and provided vocals for Tim McGraw's "Highway Don't Care" (2013), also featuring Keith Urban.[125] She was a voice actress inThe Lorax (2012),[126] made a cameo in the sitcomNew Girl (2013),[127] and had a supporting role in thedystopian filmThe Giver (2014).[128] From 2010 to 2013, Swift was romantically involved with the actorJake Gyllenhaal, the political heirConor Kennedy, and the singerHarry Styles.[82]

2014–2018:1989 andReputation

Swift performing on a mic, dressed in a blue skirt
Swift atthe 1989 World Tour, the highest-grossing tour of 2015

In March 2014, Swift began living in New York City, which she credited as a creative influence on her fifth studio album,1989.[note 1] She described1989 as her first "official pop album" and produced it with Jack Antonoff, Max Martin, Shellback,Imogen Heap,Ryan Tedder, andAli Payami.[131] Released in October 2014, the album opened atop theBillboard 200 with 1.28 million copies sold.[132] Its singles "Shake It Off", "Blank Space", and "Bad Blood" reached number one in Australia, Canada, and the US, with the first two making Swiftthe first woman to replace herself at the Hot 100 top spot.[133] Other singles include "Style", "Wildest Dreams", "Out of the Woods", and "New Romantics".[134]The 1989 World Tour (2015) was thehighest-grossing tour of the year with $250 million in total revenue.[135]

After publishing anop-ed inThe Wall Street Journal stressing the importance of albums as a creative medium for artists,[136] in November 2014, Swift removed her catalog from ad-supported, freemusic streaming platforms such asSpotify.[137] In a June 2015 open letter, Swift criticizedApple Music for not offering royalties to artists during its free three-month trial period and threatened to withdraw her music from the platform,[138] which promptedApple Inc. to announce that it would pay artists during the free trial period.[139] Swift then agreed to keep1989 and her catalog on Apple Music.[140]Big Machine Records returned Swift's catalog to Spotify among other free streaming platforms in June 2017.[141]

Swift was namedBillboard's Woman of the Year in 2014, becoming the first artist to win the award twice.[142] At the2014 American Music Awards, Swift received the inauguralDick Clark Award for Excellence.[143] On her 25th birthday in 2014, theGrammy Museum at L.A. Live opened an exhibit in her honor in Los Angeles that ran until October 4, 2015.[144][145] In 2015, Swift won theBrit Award for International Female Solo Artist.[146] "Bad Blood" wonVideo of the Year andBest Collaboration at the2015 MTV Video Music Awards.[147] At the58th Grammy Awards (2016),1989 won Album of the Year andBest Pop Vocal Album, making Swift the first woman to win Album of the Year twice.[148]

Swift in a snake-embroiled bodysuit
Swift on herReputation Stadium Tour (2018), the highest-grossing North American tour at the time

Swift dated the DJCalvin Harris from March 2015 to June 2016.[149] They co-wrote the song "This Is What You Came For", featuring vocals fromRihanna; Swift was initially credited under the pseudonym Nils Sjöberg.[150] She recorded "I Don't Wanna Live Forever" withZayn Malik forthe soundtrack toFifty Shades Darker (2017)[151] and won aCountry Music Association Award for Song of the Year with "Better Man", which she wrote for the bandLittle Big Town.[152] In April 2016, Kanye West released the single "Famous", in which he references Swift in the line, "I made that bitch famous." Swift criticized West and said she never consented to the lyric, but West claimed that he had received her approval and his then-wifeKim Kardashian released video clips of Swift and West discussing the song amicably over the phone. The controversy made Swift a subject of an online "cancel" movement.[153] In late 2016, after briefly datingTom Hiddleston, Swift began a six-year relationship withJoe Alwyn and retreated herself from the public spotlight.[154][155]

In August 2017, Swiftsuccessfully countersued David Mueller, a formerradio jockey forKYGO-FM, who sued her for damages from loss of employment. Four years earlier, she informed Mueller's bosses that he had sexually assaulted her by groping her at an event.[156] The public controversies influenced Swift's sixth studio album,Reputation, which explored the impact of her fame and musically incorporated electropop withurban styles ofhip hop andR&B.[157] Released in November 2017,[158]Reputation opened atop theBillboard 200 with 1.21 million US sales[159] and topped the charts in the UK, Australia, and Canada.[160] The album's lead single, "Look What You Made Me Do", was Swift's first UK number-one single[161] and topped charts in Australia, Ireland, New Zealand, and the US.[162] Its singles "...Ready for It?", "End Game", and "Delicate" were released to pop radio.[163]Reputation was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Album.[164] Swift featured on the country duoSugarland's "Babe" (2018).[165]

At the2018 American Music Awards, Swift won four awards, which made her accumulate 23 trophies in total and become the AMAs' most awarded female musician, surpassingWhitney Houston.[166] The same year, she embarked on herReputation Stadium Tour,[167] which became the highest-grossing North American concert tour in history and grossed $345.7 million worldwide.[168]

2018–2021:Lover,Folklore, andEvermore

In November 2018, Swift signed a new deal withUniversal Music Group, which promoted her subsequent albums underRepublic Records' imprint.[169] The contract included a provision for Swift to maintain ownership of hermasters. In addition, in the event that Universal sold any part of its stake in Spotify, it agreed to distribute a non-recoupable portion of the proceeds among its artists.[170][171]

A portrait of Swift
Swift at theAmerican Music Awards of 2019, where she was named Artist of the Decade

Swift's first album with Republic Records,Lover, was released in August 2019.[172] She produced the album with Antonoff,Louis Bell,Frank Dukes, andJoel Little.[173]Lover peaked atop the charts of such countries as Australia, Canada, Ireland, Mexico, Norway, Sweden, the UK, and the US.[174] The album spawned five singles: "Me!", "You Need to Calm Down", "Lover", "The Man", and "Cruel Summer"; the first two singles peaked at number two on theBillboard Hot 100, and the lattermost single became a resurgent success in 2023, reaching number one.[175]Lover was 2019's best selling album in the US and best selling album by a solo artist worldwide.[176] The album and its singles earned three nominations at the62nd Annual Grammy Awards in 2020.[177] At the2019 MTV Video Music Awards, Swift won three awards including Video of the Year for "You Need to Calm Down", becoming the first female and second artist overall to win the category for a self-directed video.[178]

While promotingLover in 2019, Swift became embroiled in apublic dispute with the talent managerScooter Braun after he purchased Big Machine Records, including the masters of her albums that the label had released.[179] Swift said she had been trying to buy the masters, but Big Machine would allow her to do so only if she exchanged one new album for each older one under a new contract, which she refused to sign.[179] In November 2020, Swift began re-recording her back catalog, which enabled her to own the new masters and the licensing of her songs forcommercial use, substituting for the Big Machine-owned masters.[180]

In February 2020, Swift signed a global publishing deal withUniversal Music Publishing Group after her 16-year contract with Sony/ATV expired.[181] Amidst theCOVID-19 pandemic during 2020, Swift surprise-released two "sister albums" that she recorded and produced with Antonoff andAaron Dessner:Folklore in July andEvermore in December.[182] Joe Alwyn co-wrote and co-produced a few songs under the pseudonym William Bowery.[183] Both albums incorporated a mutedindie folk production;[184] each was supported by three singles catering to US pop, country, andtriple A radio formats. The singles were "Cardigan", "Betty", and "Exile" fromFolklore, and "Willow", "No Body, No Crime", and "Coney Island" fromEvermore.[185]Folklore was the bestselling album of 2020 in the US[186] and, together with "Cardigan", made Swift the first artist to debut a US number-one album and a number-one song in the same week; she achieved the feat again withEvermore and "Willow".[187]

According toBillboard, Swift was the highest-paid musician in the US and highest-paid solo musician worldwide of 2020.[188] Folklore made Swift the first woman to win the Grammy Award for Album of the Year three times, winning the category at the63rd Annual Grammy Awards (2021).[189] At the American Music Awards, Swift won three awards including Artist of the Year for a third record time (2020)[190] and Favorite Pop/Rock Female Artist and Favorite Pop/Rock Album (2021).[191] Swift playedBombalurina in thefilm adaptation ofAndrew Lloyd Webber's musicalCats (2019), for which she co-wrote and recorded the Golden Globe-nominated original song "Beautiful Ghosts".[192][193] The documentaryMiss Americana, which chronicled parts of Swift's life and career, premiered at the2020 Sundance Film Festival.[194]

2021–2023: Re-recordings andMidnights

Swift'sre-recordings of her first six studio albums began withFearless (Taylor's Version) andRed (Taylor's Version), which were released in April and November 2021. Both peaked atop theBillboard 200, and the former was the first re-recorded album to do so.[195]Fearless (Taylor's Version) was preceded by "Love Story (Taylor's Version)", which made Swift the second artist afterDolly Parton to have both the original and re-recorded versions of a song reach number one on Hot Country Songs.[196]Red (Taylor's Version) was supported by "All Too Well (10 Minute Version)", which became the longest song in history to top the Hot 100.[197]

Swift performing in 2022

Swift's tenth studio album,Midnights, was released in October 2022.[198] The album incorporates a restrained electropop[199] and synth-pop sound[200] with elements of hip hop, R&B, andelectronica.[198][201] In the US,Midnights was her fifth to open atop theBillboard 200 with first-week sales of over one million copies, and its tracks, led by the single "Anti-Hero", made Swift the first artist to monopolize the top 10 of the Hot 100.[202] Globally, the album broke the record for themost single-day streams and most single-week streams on Spotify and peaked atop the charts of at least 14 countries.[203] The album's two further singles, "Lavender Haze" and "Karma", both peaked at number two on theBillboard Hot 100.[204]

According toBillboard, Swift was the top-earning solo artist in the US and the top-earning musician worldwide of 2021.[205][206] She won six American Music Awards including Artist of the Year in2022.[207] At the MTV Video Music Awards, Swift won her third and fourth trophies for Video of the Year withAll Too Well: The Short Film, her self-directed short film that accompanies "All Too Well (10 Minute Version)", in2022[208] and "Anti-Hero" in2023.[209] During this period, Swift won three Grammy Awards:Best Music Video forAll Too Well: The Short Film[210] and Best Pop Vocal Album and Album of the Year forMidnights. Swift became the first artist to win Album of the Year four times in Grammy history.[211]

Swift's next two re-recorded albums,Speak Now (Taylor's Version) and1989 (Taylor's Version), were released in July and October 2023. The former made Swift the woman with the most number-one albums (12) inBillboard 200 history, surpassingBarbra Streisand,[212] and the latter was her sixth album to sell one million copies in a single week in the US, claiming her career's largest album sales week.[213]1989 (Taylor's Version)'s single "Is It Over Now?" peaked at number one on theBillboard Hot 100.[214] Swift featured onBig Red Machine's "Renegade" and "Birch" (2021),[215]Haim's "Gasoline" (2021),[216]Ed Sheeran's "The Joker and the Queen" (2022),[217] andthe National's "The Alcott" (2023).[218] For thesoundtrack of the filmWhere the Crawdads Sing (2022), she wrote and recorded "Carolina", which received nominations for Best Original Song at the Golden Globes and Best Song Written for Visual Media at the Grammy Awards.[219] Besides music, Swift had a supporting role in the period comedy filmAmsterdam (2022).[220]

In 2023, Swift was the most streamed artist on Spotify,[221] Apple Music,[222] and Amazon Music;[223] and the first act to place number one on the year-endBillboard top artists list in three different decades (2009, 2015 and 2023).[224] She had five out of the 10 best-selling albums of 2023 in the US, a record sinceLuminate began tracking US music sales in 1991.[225]

2023–present: The Eras Tour andThe Tortured Poets Department

Swift singing into a mic
Swift onthe Eras Tour in 2023

In March 2023, Swift embarked onthe Eras Tour, a retrospective tour covering all her studio albums. Media outlets extensively covered the tour'sglobal cultural and economic impact,[226] and its US leg broke the record for themost tickets sold in a day.[202]Ticketmaster receivedpublic and political criticisms for mishandling the tour's ticket sales.[227] The Eras Tour becamethe highest-grossing tour in history.[228][229]Its concert film, released to theaters worldwide on October 13, 2023, grossed over $250 million to becomethe highest-grossing concert film and was nominated for theGolden Globe Award for Cinematic and Box Office Achievement.[230][231] Aphotobook,The Eras Tour Book, was released on November 29, 2024, and sold over a million copies in its first week in the US alone.[232]

Swift's eleventh studio album,The Tortured Poets Department, was released on April 19, 2024.[233] Topping charts globally, the album broke a string of records: it marked the first album ever to amass 1 billion Spotify streams in a week; sold 2.6 million units in its first week in the US; made Swift the first artist to monopolize the top 14 of theBillboard Hot 100 and the top 10 of Australia'sARIA Singles Chart; and went on to spend 17 weeks atop theBillboard 200—Swift's longest-running number-one album on the chart. The lead single, "Fortnight", featuringPost Malone, became Swift's 12th number-one song on the Hot 100.[234][235][236]

After the pandemic, Swift's music releases, touring, and related activities culminated in an unprecedented height of popularity.[237] From 2023 onward, Swift found ubiquitous success, albeit more dominant than before, with the successes of the re-recordings, the Eras Tour, its concert film,Midnights, andThe Tortured Poets Department, significantly increasing her net worth.Music Business Worldwide remarked this as a "new stratosphere of global career success" for Swift.[238][239] In 2023, she began dating the American football playerTravis Kelce,[240] and in 2024, won Artist of the Year at the2024 iHeartRadio Music Awards.[241] Swift was Spotify's most streamed artist once again in 2024.[242][243]

In January 2024,AI-generated fake pornographic images portraying Swift were posted toTwitter and spread to other social media platforms, spurring criticism and demands for legal reform.[244] In July 2024, Swift and Kelce received death threats from astalker inGelsenkirchen, Germany,[245] andthree children were killed in a stabbing attack at a Swift-themed workshop inSouthport, England, leading tocivil unrest in the UK.[246] In August, all three of the Eras Tour concerts inVienna were canceled following the arrest of two suspects for allegedly planning anIslamic State-inspiredterrorist attack in the city. The plan was uncovered byUS intelligence and was thwarted byAustrian police forces.[247]

Artistry

Musical styles

Swift has ventured into diverse genres throughout her career, includingpop,[b]country,[c]folk,[d] androck.[e] Her early musical influences were 1990s female country musicians such as Shania Twain, Faith Hill, LeAnn Rimes, and the Dixie Chicks,[261] and Keith Urban's country crossover sounds incorporating rock, pop, and blues.[262] She self-identified as a country musician and achieved prominence as acountry pop singer with her first four studio albums, fromTaylor Swift toRed.[263] The albums feature country signifiers such as banjo, six-string banjo,mandolin,fiddle, and a slight vocaltwang, in addition to pop melodies and rock influences;[264][265]Speak Now draws on rock styles such aspop rock,pop-punk, and 1980sarena rock.[94][266] Critics argued that country was an indicator of Swift's narrative songwriting rather than musical direction[267][268] and accused her of causing mainstream country music to stray from its roots.[269][270]

After the critical debate aroundRed's eclectic pop, rock, andelectronic styles, Swift chose 1980s synth-pop as a defining sound of her recalibrated pop artistry and image, inspired by the music ofPhil Collins,Annie Lennox,Peter Gabriel, andMadonna.[271][272]1989, the first album in this direction, incorporates electronic arrangements consisting of densesynthesizers anddrum machines.[273] Swift expanded on the electronic production on her next albums;[274]Reputation consists of hip hop, R&B, and EDM influences;[157][275] andLover features eclectic elements from country, pop-punk, andfolk rock.[276] When Swift embraced a pop identity,rockist critics regarded her move as an erosion of her country music songwriting authenticity,[277] but others regarded it as necessary for Swift's artistic evolution and defended her as a pioneer ofpoptimism.[278][279]

Her 2020 alternative albumsFolklore andEvermore exploreindie styles ofrock andfolk, and both incorporate a subtle, stripped-back soundscape withorchestration, synthesizers, and drum pads.[280][281][282] The latter experiments with varied song structures, asymmetrictime signatures, and diverse instruments.[283][284] Critics deemed the indie styles a mature representation of Swift's artistry as a singer-songwriter.[282]Midnights andThe Tortured Poets Department both incorporate aminimalist, subdued synth-pop sound, making use ofanalog synthesizers, sustainedbass notes, and simple drum machine patterns.[285][286]

With continuous musical reinventions,[287] Swift was described byTime and the BBC as a musical "chameleon".[288][289]Jody Rosen commented that by originating her career in Nashville, Swift made a "bait-and-switch maneuver, planting roots in loamy country soil, then pivoting to pop".[290]Clash wrote that she has the versatility to "no longer [...] be defined by any genre or sound label".[291] According toAnn Powers, Swift's sound is genre-agnostic, blending and "reconfiguring" elements of country, R&B,indie pop, and hip hop.[292][293]

Voice

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Swift possesses amezzo-sopranovocal range[298] and a generally soft and breathytimbre thatRolling Stone deemed versatile.[299][300] Reviews of Swift's early country albums criticized her vocals as weak and strained compared to those of other female country singers.[301] Despite the criticism, most reviewers appreciated that Swift refrained from correcting herpitch withAuto-Tune and how she prioritized "intimacy over power and nuance" to communicate the messages of her songs with her audience[302]—a style that has been described as conversational.[303][304] According to Powers, Swift's defining vocal feature was her attention to detail to convey an exact feeling—"the line that slides down like a contented sigh or up like a raised eyebrow".[305]

OnRed and1989, Swift's vocals are electronically processed to accompany the pop production.[306][303] Her voice onReputation andMidnights incorporates hip-hop and R&B influences that result in a near-rap delivery which emphasizes rhythm andcadence over melody.[307][292] She uses her lowerregister vocals extensively in "Cardigan"[308] and both her lower and upper registers inEvermore; the musicologist Alyssa Barca described her timbre in the upper register as "breathy and bright" and the lower register as "full and dark".[284]

Reviews inThe New York Times,Variety andThe Atlantic were more appreciative of Swift's vocals in her later albums.[265][309][310][311] She ranked 102nd onRolling Stone's 2023 list of the 200 Greatest Singers of All Time: "A decade ago, including her on this list would have been a controversial move, but recent releases likeFolklore,Evermore, andMidnights officially settled the argument."[300] Laura Snapes ofThe Guardian said that Swift's "vocal trademarks" include a "yo-yoing vocal yelp" and "climactic, processedcri de coeur".[312]Amanda Petrusich praised how the clarity and tone of Swift's live vocals accentuate her lyrics.[313]

Songwriting

Swift's fascination with songwriting began in her childhood. She credited her mother with igniting confidence and early songwriting interests by helping her prepare for class presentations.[314][315] She enjoyedDisney film soundtracks and would make up lyrics once she had run out of words singing them.[316] Her lyrical influences includePatsy Cline,Loretta Lynn,Tammy Wynette,Dolly Parton,[19][103]Melissa Etheridge,Sarah McLachlan,Alanis Morissette,[317]Joni Mitchell,[318] andFall Out Boy.[319] She listedPaul McCartney,Bruce Springsteen,Emmylou Harris, andKris Kristofferson as career role models for their evolving and consistent songwriting outputs.[28][320] Her literary influences include the authorsWilliam Shakespeare,Nathaniel Hawthorne,F. Scott Fitzgerald,[321] and the poetsWilliam Wordsworth,Robert Frost, andEmily Dickinson;[322] the last of whom was a distant cousin of Swift.[323]

InThe New Yorker in 2011, Swift said she identifies as a songwriter first: "I write songs, and my voice is just a way to get those lyrics across".[28] Her personal experiences were a common inspiration for her early songs, which helped her navigate life.[324][29] Her "diaristic" technique began with identifying an emotion, followed by a corresponding melody.[325][326] On her first three studio albums, love, heartbreak, and insecurities, from an adolescent perspective, were dominant themes.[94][327] She delved into the tumult of toxic relationships onRed,[328] and embraced nostalgia and post-romance positivity on1989.[271]Reputation was inspired by the downsides of Swift's fame,[329] andLover detailed her realization of the "full spectrum of love".[330] Other themes in Swift's music include family dynamics, friendship,[331][332] alienation,self-awareness, and tackling vitriol, especiallysexism.[315][333] She often references or draws inspiration from historical events and figures.[334]Neil McCormick, the chief music critic ofThe Daily Telegraph, opined that Swift is a "significant vehicle for expressing the inner lives and day-to-day concerns of women of her generation [and younger]".[335]

Swift's confessional lyrics received positive reviews from critics,[336][28][337] who highlighted their vivid details and emotional engagement, which they found uncommon in pop music,[338][339][340] although some perceived her as a fragile, juvenile artist, a label she has consistently challenged.[336] Critics also praised her melodic compositions;Rolling Stone described Swift as "a songwriting savant with an intuitive gift forverse-chorus-bridge architecture".[341][303]NPR dubbed Swift "a master of the vernacular in her lyrics",[157] remarking that her songs offer emotional engagement because "the wit and clarity of her arrangements turn them from standard fare to heartfelt disclosures".[303] Despite the positive reception,The New Yorker stated she was generally portrayed "more as a skilled technician than as aDylanesque visionary".[28]Tabloid media often speculated and linked the subjects of her songs with her ex-lovers, a practice reviewers and Swift herself criticized as sexist.[342][343][344] Aside from clues in albumliner notes, Swift avoided talking about the subjects of her songs.[345]

On her 2020 albumsFolklore andEvermore, Swift was inspired byescapism andromanticism to explore fictional narratives.[346] She imposed emotions onto imagined characters and story arcs, which liberated her from tabloid attention and suggested new paths for her artistry.[325] Swift explained that she welcomed the new songwriting direction after she stopped worrying about commercial success.[346] According toSpin, she explored complex emotions with "precision and devastation" onEvermore.[347]Consequence stated her 2020 albums convinced skeptics of her songwriting prowess, noting her transformation from "teenage wunderkind to a confident and careful adult".[348]

Swift divides her writing into three types: "quill lyrics", songs rooted in antiquated poeticism; "fountain pen lyrics", based on modern and vivid storylines; and "glittergel pen lyrics", which are lively and frivolous.[349] Fans noticed that the fifth track of every Swift album was the most emotionally vulnerable of the album.[350] Awarding her with the Songwriter Icon Award in 2021, theNational Music Publishers' Association remarked that "no one is more influential when it comes to writing music today".[351]The Week deemed her the foremost female songwriter of modern times,[352] and the Nashville Songwriters Association International named her Songwriter-Artist of the Decade in 2022.[202] Swift has also published two original poems: "Why She Disappeared" and "If You're Anything Like Me".[353]

Critics have analyzed the distinctive qualities and thematic depth in Swift's songwriting. CriticKitty Empire opined in 2024 that Swift is "a profoundly old-fashioned artist", whose songs "tell a story, in succinct, emotive ways that often scan meticulously" unlike most pop music of the time; Empire attributed it to Swift's country beginnings.[354] Swift'sbridges are often noted as one of the best aspects of her songs,[355][348] earning her the title"Queen of Bridges" fromTime.[356]Mojo dubbed her "a sharp narrator with a gift for theextended metaphor".[357] Academics have variably described her as apoet laureate,[358]philosopher,[359] andbard.[290]

Performances

Further information:List of Taylor Swift live performances
Swift singing while playing a piano
Swift performing on the Reputation Stadium Tour inSeattle in May 2018

Swift commands large audiences on stage,[360][361][362] captivating them through emotional storytelling and vocal delivery rather than relying on elaborate dance choreography.[363] According toV magazine's Greg Krelenstein, she possesses "a rare gift of turning a stadium spectacle into an intimate setting", irrespective of whether she is "plucking a guitar or leading an army of dancers".[364] In a 2008 review of Swift's early performances,Sasha Frere-Jones ofThe New Yorker called Swift a "preternaturally skilled" entertainer with a vibrant stage presence, adding "she returned the crowd's energy with the professionalism she has shown since the age of fourteen."[268] In 2023, Adrian Horton ofThe Guardian noted her "seemingly endless stamina" on the Eras Tour,[365] andi critic Ilana Kaplan called her showmanship "unparalleled".[366]

Swift's concert productions have been characterized by elaborateBroadway theatricality andhigh technology,[367] and her performances frequently incorporate a live band, with whom she has played and toured since 2007.[368] Swift also often accompanies herself with musical instruments such aselectric guitar;[369] acoustic guitar; piano;[370] and sometimestwelve-string guitar,[371][372]six-string banjo,[373] orukulele.[374] Interacting frequently with the audience, her solo acoustic performances are considered intimate and emotionally resonant, complementing her story-based lyrics and fan connection.[313][375] Lydia Burgham ofThe Spinoff opined that this intimacy remains "integral to her singer-songwriter origins".[376][370] Chris Willman ofVariety called Swift "pop's most approachable superstar",[377] and the 21st century's most popular performer.[378]

Video and film

Further information:Taylor Swift videography

Swift emphasizes visuals as a key creative component of her music-making process.[379] She has collaborated with different directors to produce her music videos, and over time, she has become more involved with writing and directing. She developed the concept andtreatment for "Mean" in 2011[380] and co-directed the music video for "Mine" withRoman White the year before.[381] In an interview, White said that Swift "was keenly involved in writing the treatment, casting and wardrobe. And she stayed for both the 15-hour shooting days, even when she wasn't in the scenes."[382]

From 2014 to 2018, Swift collaborated with directorJoseph Kahn on eight music videos—four each from her albums1989 andReputation. Kahn has praised Swift's involvement.[383] She worked withAmerican Express for the "Blank Space" music video (which Kahn directed) and served as an executive producer for the interactive appAMEX Unstaged: Taylor Swift Experience, for which she won aPrimetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Interactive Program in 2015.[384] Swift produced the music video for "Bad Blood" and won a Grammy Award for Best Music Video in 2016.[385]

Herproduction company,Taylor Swift Productions, is credited with producing all of her visual media, starting with the 2018 concert documentaryReputation Stadium Tour.[386] She continued to co-direct music videos for theLover singles "Me!" withDave Meyers, and "You Need to Calm Down" (also serving as a co-executive producer) and "Lover" with Drew Kirsch,[387] but first ventured into sole direction with the video for "The Man" (which won her theMTV Video Music Award for Best Direction).[388] AfterFolklore: The Long Pond Studio Sessions, Swift debuted as a filmmaker withAll Too Well: The Short Film,[202] which made her the first artist to win the Grammy Award for Best Music Video as a sole director.[389] Swift has citedChloé Zhao,Greta Gerwig,Nora Ephron,Guillermo del Toro,John Cassavetes, andNoah Baumbach as filmmaking influences.[379]

Achievements

Further information:List of awards and nominations received by Taylor Swift
In 2009, Swift became the first country singer to win anMTV Video Music Award.

Swift's discography is a "critically hailed songbook", as perTime'sSam Lansky.[390] She has won 14Grammy Awards (including four for Album of the Year—themost won by an artist),[391] anEmmy Award,[392] 40 American Music Awards (the most won by an artist),[393] 49Billboard Music Awards (the most won by an artist),[394] 118Guinness World Records,[395] 30MTV Video Music Awards (including five Video of the Year wins—the most by an act),[396] 12Country Music Association Awards (including the Pinnacle Award),[397] eight Academy of Country Music Awards,[398] and twoBrit Awards.[146] As a songwriter, she has been honored by the Nashville Songwriters Association,[58][399] theSongwriters Hall of Fame, and the National Music Publishers' Association and was the youngest person onRolling Stone's list of the100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time in 2015.[400][401] At the 64thBMI Awards in 2016, Swift was the first woman to be honored with an award named after its recipient.[402]

From available data, Swift has amassed over 50 million album sales and 150 million single sales as of 2019,[403][404][405] and 114 million units globally, including 78 billion streams as of 2021.[406][407] TheInternational Federation of the Phonographic Industry ranked her as theGlobal Recording Artist of the Year for a record five times (2014, 2019, 2022, 2023, and 2024).[408] Swift has the most number-one albums in the UK and Ireland for a female artist this century,[409][410] earned the highest income for an artist on Chinese digital music platforms (CN¥ 159,000,000 as of 2021),[411] and is the first artist to occupy the entire top five[note 2] of theAustralian albums chart[414][415] and the top ten of the country's singles chart.[416] Swift remains the world'shighest-grossing touring act ever, with cumulative ticket sales at $3.12 billion as of December 2024, perPollstar.[417] The Eras Tour is thehighest-grossing tour of all time and the first to surpass $1 billion in revenue.[418][228] Beginning withFearless, each of her studio albums have opened with over one million global units.[419][420] Swift is the most-streamed act on Spotify,[421] and the most-streamed female artist on Apple Music.[422] On Spotify, she is the only female act to amass 100 billion streams,[423] the only artist to have received more than 250 million and 350 million streams in one day (260 million on October 27, 2023, and 380 million on April 19, 2024),[424] and was the first female act to reach 100 million monthly listeners.[425][197]The most entries and the most simultaneous entries (175 and 34 songs), and most number-ones (5) for a soloist on theBillboard Global 200, are among her feats.[426][427] Swift is the first and only artist to occupy the top nine spots on the Global 200.[426] She has the most entries (154) and top-ten songs (20) on the Global 200 Excl. US. chart.[426]

In the US, Swift has sold over 37.3 million albums as of 2019,[405] whenBillboard placed her eighth on its Greatest of All Time Artists Chart.[428] Twelve of her songs have topped theBillboard Hot 100.[429] She is the longest-reigning and the first act to spend at least 100 weeks atop theBillboard Artist 100 (124 weeks);[430][431] the soloist with the most cumulative weeks atop and in the top ten of theBillboard 200 (84 and 425);[432][433] the woman with the mostBillboard 200 number-ones (14),[434] Hot 100 entries (total and single-week: 264 and 32),[435] number-one debuts (7),[note 3] top-ten songs (59),[429] top-five songs (36),[197]Streaming Songs chart-toppers (9),[429] and weeks atop theTop Country Albums chart (101);[437] and the act with the most number-one songs onPop Airplay (13)[438] andDigital Songs (29).[429] Swift is the first woman to simultaneously chart five albums in the top 10 and eleven albums on the entireBillboard 200;[439][440] and the first act to occupy the top four spots and chart seven albums[note 4] in the top 10 on theTop Album Sales chart.[442][443] She is the third highest-certified female digital singles artist (and seventh overall) in the US, with 137.5 million total units certified by theRecording Industry Association of America (RIAA),[444] and the first woman to have both an album (Fearless) and a song ("Shake It Off") certified Diamond.[445] Swift is the only artist in Luminate history to haveseven albums sell over a million copies in a week.[446][447]

Swift has appeared in various power listings.Time included her on its annual list of the100 most influential people in 2010, 2015, and 2019.[448] She was one of the "Silence Breakers" that the magazine spotlighted asPerson of the Year in 2017 for speaking up about sexual assault,[449] and she received the honor again in 2023 for her cultural domination that year.[390]Rolling Stone ranked Swift at 102 on their list of 200 Best Singers of All Time in 2023.[450]Time described Swift as the first Person of the Year to be recognized for "achievement inthe arts", as well as the first woman to be recognized and appear on a Person of the Year cover more than once.[451][390] She received anhonoraryDoctor of Fine Arts degree from New York University and served as itscommencement speaker on May 18, 2022.[202]

Cultural status

Main articles:Cultural impact of Taylor Swift andPublic image of Taylor Swift
Swift at the 2010Time 100 Gala

Swift has been credited with making a profound impact on themusic industry,popular culture, and the economy.[452][453] She dominates cultural conversations,[454][455] leading some publications to describe her as a cultural "vitality" orzeitgeist.[456][457][359] Her music, life, and public image are points of attention in globalcelebrity culture.[287] Initially ateen idol,[458] she has been referred to as apop icon;[274][459] publications describe her enormous popularity and longevity as unwitnessed since the 20th century.[460][461] In 2013,New York magazine's Jody Rosen dubbed Swift the "world's biggest pop star" and opined that the trajectory of her stardom has defied established patterns. Rosen added that Swift "falls betweengenres, eras,demographics,paradigms, trends", leaving her contemporaries "vying for second place".[290] Critics regard Swift as a rare yet successful combination of the pop star and singer-songwriter archetypes.[462]

Swift's fans are known asSwifties.[227]Billboard noted that only a few artists have achieved her level of chart success, critical acclaim, and fan support.[463] Swift's million-selling albums are considered an anomaly in thestreaming-dominated industry following the end of thealbum era in the 2010s.[464][465] EconomistAlan Krueger described Swift as an "economic genius".[466]

Although labeled by the media in her early career as "America's Sweetheart" for hergirl next door persona,[467][468] Swift has been called by detractors "calculated" and manipulative of her image, a narrative bolstered by her 2016 dispute with West.[469][470] Critics have also noted that her personal life and career have been subject to intensemisogyny and "slut-shaming",[471][472] as well as rampant media scrutiny and tabloid speculation.[473] Swift has also been a victim of numeroushouse break-ins andstalkers, some of whom werearmed.[474][475]

Swift'sprivate jet use has drawn scrutiny for itscarbon emissions.[476][477] In 2023, a spokesperson for Swift stated that she had purchased more than double the requiredcarbon credits to offset all tour travel and personal flights.[478][479] In December 2023, Swift's lawyers sent acease and desist letter to American programmerJack Sweeney over tracking her private jet, alleging stalking and safety risks. Media outlets have reported that the information posted by Sweeney is a synthesis of publicly available data.[480][481] In February 2024, it was reported that Swift had sold one of her two private jets.[482]

Legacy

"You have different artists dominating different sectors of the industry: Some are huge at streaming, some are big draws on the road. But we're at this moment where there's no one better than Taylor Swift, whether that's on the radio, with streaming, ticket sales or justcultural impact."

– Jason Lipshutz,Billboard executive director, 2023[483]

Swift helped shape the modern country music scene,[484] having extended her success beyond theAnglosphere,[290][484] pioneered the use of the internet (Myspace) as amarketing tool,[27][46] and introduced the genre to a younger generation.[485][290] Country labels have since become interested in signing young singers who write their own music;[486] her guitar performances contributed to the "Taylor Swift factor": a phenomenon to which an upsurge in guitar sales to women, a previously ignored demographic, is attributed.[487][488]

According toPitchfork, Swift changed the music landscape with her genre transitions, a discography that accommodates cultural shifts,[489] andBillboard notes her ability to popularize any sound in mainstream music.[490] Lyrically, in being personal and vulnerable in her songs, music journalist Nick Catucci opined Swift helped make space for later singers likeBillie Eilish,Ariana Grande, andHalsey to do the same.[173] Scholars have highlighted the literary sensibility andpoptimist implications of Swift.[322][491] She has been credited with legitimizing and popularizing the concept of album "eras".[492][493] Swift is a subject of academic study and scholarlymedia research.[287] Various educational institutions offer courses on Swift in literary, cultural, andsociopolitical contexts.[494][287]

Swift hasinfluenced numerous music artists, and her albums have inspired a generation of singer-songwriters.[485][281][495] Journalists praise her ability to reform industry practices, noting how her actions changed streaming policies, prompted awareness of intellectual property in new musicians,[496][497] and reshaped ticketing models.[498] Various sources deem Swift's music a paradigm representing themillennial generation;[499]Vox andThe Daily Telegraph likened her to Bruce Springsteen,[500][335] andThe Times named her "theBob Dylan of our age".[501] Swift earned the titleWoman of the Decade (2010s) fromBillboard,[502]Artist of the Decade (2010s) at the American Music Awards,[503] andGlobal Icon at the Brit Awards for her impact.[407] Senior artists such asMadonna,[504]Stevie Nicks,[505]Jon Bon Jovi,[506] Dolly Parton,[507] andElton John have praised her musicianship.[508]Carole King regards Swift as her "professional granddaughter" and thanked Swift for "carrying the torch forward".[509] Springsteen called her a "tremendous" writer,[510] whileElvis Costello compared Swift's songwriting to that of Bob Dylan,[511] andBilly Joel considered Swift the Beatles' successor.[512]

Entrepreneurship

Media outlets describe Swift as a savvy businesswoman;[513][514] in 2024, she toppedBillboard's annual Power 100 ranking of the top music industry executives.[515] Swift is known for her traditional album rollouts, consisting of a variety of promotional activities thatRolling Stone termed as an inescapable "multimedia bonanza".[516][517]Easter eggs and cryptic teasers became a common practice in contemporary pop music because of Swift.[518] Publications describe her discography as a music "universe" subject to analysis by fans, critics, and journalists.[519][520][521] Swift maintains an active presence on social media and a close relationship with fans, to which many journalists attribute her success.[522][453][523] Her in-housemanagement team is called 13 Management.[524]

Swift has endorsed many brands and businesses, having launched clothing lines withL.E.I. andStella McCartney,[525][526] designedAmerican Greetings cards andJakks Pacific dolls,[527][528] released a number of fragrances withElizabeth Arden,[529] and signed multi-year deals withAT&T andCapital One.[530][531] She was a spokesperson for theNational Hockey League'sNashville Predators andSony Cyber-shot digital cameras,[532][533] and became the global ambassador for New York City in 2014 andRecord Store Day in 2022.[534][535]

Social activism

Further information:Political impact of Taylor Swift

Swift identifies as apro-choicefeminist,[536] and is a founding signatory of theTime's Up movement against sexual harassment.[537] Specifically, she criticized theUS Supreme Court'sdecision to end federal abortion rights in 2022.[538] Swift also advocates forLGBT rights,[539] and has called for the passing of theEquality Act, which prohibits discrimination based on sex, sexual orientation, and gender identity.[540][541] She performed duringWorldPride NYC 2019 at theStonewall Inn, agay rights monument, and has donated to the LGBT organizationsTennessee Equality Project andGLAAD.[542][543][544]

A supporter of theMarch for Our Lives movement andgun control reform in the US,[545] Swift is a vocal critic ofwhite supremacy, racism, andpolice brutality.[319][536] Following theGeorge Floyd protests, she donated to theNAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund and theBlack Lives Matter movement,[546] called for theremoval ofConfederate monuments in Tennessee,[547] and advocated forJuneteenth to become a national holiday.[548] She has openly criticized presidentDonald Trump.[549] In 2020, Swift urged her fans to check their voter registration ahead of elections, which resulted in 65,000 people registering to vote within one day of her post,[550] and endorsedJoe Biden andKamala Harris in the2020 US presidential election.[551] For the2024 election, she endorsed Harris andTim Walz.[552][553]

Wealth and philanthropy

Swift became a billionaire in October 2023, becoming the world's first musician to achieve the status "solely based on her songs and performances".[554][555] As of October 2024,Forbes estimates her net worth at $1.6 billion,[556] making her therichest female musician in the world,[557] and one of thewealthiest celebrities.Forbes had previously named her the annualtop-earning female musician in 2016, 2019, 2021, and 2022.[558] She was thehighest-paid celebrity of 2016 with $170 million—a feat recognized byGuinness World Records as the highest annual earnings ever for a female musician,[559] which she herself surpassed with $185 million in 2019.[560] Overall, Swift was listed as theForbeshighest-paid female artist of the 2010s, earning $825 million.[561] She has also developed a real estate portfolio worth $150 million as of 2023, with residential properties in Nashville, New York City, Los Angeles (Samuel Goldwyn Estate), andRhode Island (High Watch).[562]

Swift ranked first onDoSomething's 2015 "Gone Good" list,[563] having received the Star of Compassion from the Tennessee Disaster Services and the Big Help Award from theNickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards for her "dedication to helping others" and "inspiring others through action".[564][565] Especially early in her career, Swift donated to various relief funds following natural disasters. In 2009, she donated $100,000 to the Red Cross to help the victims of theIowa flood of 2008.[566] The same year, she performed at Sydney'sSound Relief concert, which raised money for those impacted by bushfires and flooding.[567] In 2011, Swift used adress rehearsal of her Speak Now tour as a benefit concert for victims ofrecent tornadoes in the US, raising more than $750,000.[568] In response to theMay 2010 Tennessee floods, she donated $500,000.[569] In 2009, Swift sang atBBC'sChildren in Need concert and raised £13,000 for the cause.[570] In 2016, she donated $1 million toLouisiana flood relief efforts and $100,000 to theDolly Parton Fire Fund.[571][572] Swift donated tofood banks afterHurricane Harvey struckHouston in 2017.[573] Swift donated $1 million forTennessee tornado relief in 2020 andagain in 2023,[574][575] as well as $5 million toward the reliefs efforts afterHurricane Helene andHurricane Milton in 2024.[576]

Swift has also donated tocancer research. As recipient of the Academy of Country Music's Entertainer of the Year in 2011, Swift donated $25,000 toSt. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Tennessee.[577] In 2012, she participated in theStand Up to Cancer telethon, performing the charity single "Ronan", which she wrote in memory of a four-year-old boy who died ofneuroblastoma.[578] She has also donated $100,000 to theV Foundation for Cancer Research[579] and $50,000 to theChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia.[580] She has made donations to her fans several times for their medical or academic expenses.[581] During theCOVID-19 pandemic, Swift donated to theWorld Health Organization and Feeding America[582] and supported independent record stores.[583][584] Swift performed "Soon You'll Get Better" on theOne World: Together At Home television special, abenefit concert curated byLady Gaga forGlobal Citizen to raise funds for the World Health Organization'sCOVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund.[585]

She is a supporter of the arts. A benefactor of theNashville Songwriters Hall of Fame,[586] Swift has donated $75,000 to Nashville'sHendersonville High School to help refurbish the school auditorium,[587] $4 million to build a new education center at theCountry Music Hall of Fame and Museum in Nashville,[588] and $100,000 to theNashville Symphony.[589] In 2012, Swift partnered with Chegg for Good to donate $10,000 to the music departments of six US colleges.[590]

She has also provided one-off donations. In 2007, she partnered with the Tennessee Association of Chiefs of Police to launch a campaign to protect children from online predators.[591] She has donated items to several charities for auction, including theUNICEF Tap Project andMusiCares.[592] Swift has also encouraged young people to volunteer in their local communities as part ofGlobal Youth Service Day.[593] Also a promoter of children'sliteracy, she has donated money and books to schools around the country.[594][595] In 2018 and 2021, Swift donated to theRape, Abuse & Incest National Network in honor of Sexual Assault Awareness and Prevention Month.[596] Swift donated to fellow singer-songwriterKesha to help with her legal battles againstDr. Luke and to actressMariska Hargitay's Joyful Heart Foundation.[596][597]

During the Eras Tour, Swift donated to food banks in Florida, Arizona, and Las Vegas;[598] she also employed local businesses throughout the tour and gave $197 million inbonus payments to her entire crew.[599][600][601] In February 2024, she donated $100,000 to the family of a woman who died in ashooting at the Kansas City Chiefs' Super Bowl parade.[602][603] In December 2024, a week before Christmas, Swift donated $250,000 to Operation Breakthrough. The funds were directed to workforce development, childcare, and early learning programs.[604]

Discography

Main articles:Taylor Swift albums discography,Taylor Swift singles discography, andList of songs by Taylor Swift

Studio albums

Re-recorded albums

Filmography

Main article:Taylor Swift videography
This section lists select works only. Refer to the main article for further information.

Films

Documentaries

Tours

Main article:List of Taylor Swift live performances

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^Though Swift has properties throughout the US, she identifies Nashville as her home.[129][130]
  2. ^Swift has occupied the top five of theARIA Albums Chart twice. She achieved this feat first on the issue published on July 7, 2023,[412] followed by a second time on the issue published on February 9, 2024.[413]
  3. ^Tied withAriana Grande.[436]
  4. ^Swift has charted seven titles in the top 10 of the Top Album Sales chart twice—on the issues dated January 6, 2024, and January 20, 2024.[441]
  1. ^Namely,Fearless (Taylor's Version) andRed (Taylor's Version) in 2021, followed bySpeak Now (Taylor's Version) and1989 (Taylor's Version) in 2023.
  2. ^Attributed toBillboard's Hannah Dailey,[248]NPR'sKen Tucker,[249] andVanity Fair's Erin Vanderhoof.[250]
  3. ^Attributed toTaste of Country,[251]The Tennessean's Peter Cooper,[252] andBillboard's Bob Allen and Hannah Dailey.[253][254]
  4. ^Attributed toThe Guardian's Sian Cain,[255]NPR's Stephen Thompson and Lyndsey McKenna,[256] andRolling Stone's Claire Shaffer and Brittany Spanos.[257]
  5. ^Attributed toSpin's Bobby Olivier,[258]Alternative Press's Kelsey Barnes,[259] and James E. Perone.[260]

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