Research related to British writer J. R. R. Tolkien
The works ofJ. R. R. Tolkien have generated a body of research covering many aspects of hisfantasy writings. These encompassThe Lord of the Rings The Silmarillion his legendarium that remained unpublished until after his death, andhis constructed languages , especially theElvish languages Quenya andSindarin . Scholars from different disciplines have examined the linguistic and literary origins ofMiddle-earth , and have exploredmany aspects of his writings fromChristianity tofeminism andrace .
Biographies of Tolkien have been written byHumphrey Carpenter , with his 1977J. R. R. Tolkien: A Biography [ 1] John Garth with his 2003Tolkien and the Great War: The Threshold of Middle-earth [ 2] The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien Christopher Tolkien .[ 3] OED The Ring of Words: Tolkien and the Oxford English Dictionary Peter Gilliver , Jeremy Marshall andEdmund Weiner .[ 4]
[ edit ] A variety of institutions have developed to support Tolkien research. These includeThe Tolkien Society andThe Mythopoeic Society . Tolkien archives are held in theBodleian Library inOxford [ 5] Marquette University inMilwaukee, Wisconsin .[ 6] Houghton Mifflin ,McFarland Press , Mythopoeic Press,Walking Tree Publishers ,Palgrave MacMillan , andKent State University Press .[ 7]
Early publications on Tolkien's writing were essentially fanzines; some, such asMythlore peer-reviewed (refereed) technical publications; among the "reputable"[ 7] Mallorn [ 7] Tolkien Society . Other specialised journals includeTolkien Studies Journal of Tolkien Research (2014–). There are several journals that focus on the literary societyThe Inklings , of which Tolkien was a member, especiallyJournal of Inklings Studies [ 7]
In 1992, the Tolkien Society and the Mythopoeic Society held a joint conference for the centenary of Tolkien's birth, combining papers that were published in the conference proceedings,[ 8] [ 9]
Omentielva is a European bi-yearly conference on research into Tolkien's invented languages.[ 10]
A large literature examines Tolkien'sMiddle-earth fantasy fiction from numerous points of view. Some scholars have investigated itsphilological roots in languages such asOld Norse andOld English .[ 11] its influences from literature of periods fromclassical andmedieval toantiquarian andmodern . Many have examinedits themes includingits poetry , itsChristian symbolism , issues offeminism ,race , andsexuality , and questions such as Tolkien's theory ofsound and language . Others again have studied theliterary devices that Tolkien used, such as his use offrame stories ,interlacing of narrative , and his intentional creation of anImpression of depth .[ 12] [ 13] [ 14] A Companion to J. R. R. Tolkien [ 14] [ 15]
Constructed languages [ edit ] Tolkien's constructed languages,Quenya andSindarin , the main languages ofElves , have inspiredlinguistic research.Parma Eldalamberon Vinyar Tengwar Elvish Linguistic Fellowship of theMythopoeic Society a non-profit organization. TheVinyar Tengwar andParma Eldalamberon material published at an increasing rate during the early 2000s is from the stock of linguistic material in the possession of the appointedteam of editors (some 3000 pages according to them), consisting of photocopies sent them byChristopher Tolkien and notes taken in theBodleian Library around 1992. An Internetmailing list dedicated to Tolkien's languages, called tolklang, has existed since November 1, 1990.[ 16]
Major introductory books [ edit ] Drout, Michael D. C. , ed. (2013) [2007]. "Tolkien Scholarship: Institutions".J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia: Scholarship and Critical Assessment Routledge .ISBN 978-0-415-86511-1 Flieger, Verlyn ;Hostetter, Carl F. , eds. (2000).Tolkien's Legendarium: Essays on The History of Middle-earth Greenwood Press .ISBN 978-0-313-30530-6 Flieger, Verlyn (1983).Splintered Light: Logos and Language in Tolkien's World Wm B. Eerdmans Publishing .ISBN 978-0-8028-1955-0 Hammond, Wayne G. ;Christina Scull (2005).The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion HarperCollins .ISBN 978-0-00-720308-6 Hammond, Wayne G. ;Scull, Christina (2006b).The J.R.R. Tolkien Companion and Guide: Reader's Guide HarperCollins .ISBN 0-007-14918-2 Lee, Stuart D. , ed. (2020) [2014].A Companion to J. R. R. Tolkien Wiley Blackwell .ISBN 978-1119656029 Olsen, Corey (2012).Exploring J.R.R. Tolkien's The Hobbit . Boston:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt .ISBN 978-0-547-73946-5 Pesch, Helmut W. (2003).Elbisch – Grammatik, Schrift und Wörterbuch der Elben-Sprache J.R.R. Tolkiens (in German). Bergisch Gladbach: Bastei-Lübbe.ISBN 3-404-20476-X Shippey, Tom (1982).The Road to Middle-earth George Allen and Unwin .ISBN 978-0-04-809018-8 Solopova, Elizabeth (2009).Languages, Myths and History: An Introduction to the Linguistic and Literary Background of J. R. R. Tolkien's Fiction . New York City:North Landing Books .ISBN 978-0-9816607-1-4 .Whittingham, Elizabeth A. (2008).The Evolution of Tolkien's Mythology: A Study of the 'History of Middle-earth' McFarland .ISBN 978-1-4766-1174-7 Current Transitory Fastitocalon: Studies in Fantasticism Ancient to Modern: Immortals and the Undead briefly existed in the 2010s.[ 23] [ 24] ^ "Tolkien Bibliography: 1977 - Humphrey Carpenter - J.R.R. Tolkien: a biography" . The Tolkien Library. Retrieved1 November 2016 .^ Garth, John (2003).Tolkien and the Great War: the threshold of Middle-earth HarperCollins .ISBN 978-0-00-711953-0 OCLC 54047800 .^ Carpenter, Humphrey , ed. (2000). "Letter 294".The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien Houghton Mifflin .ISBN 978-0-618-05699-6 ^ Gilliver, Peter (2006).The Ring of Words: Tolkien and the Oxford English Dictionary . Oxford:Oxford University Press .ISBN 978-0-19-861069-4 ^ Barella, Cecilia (2013) [2007]. "Tolkien Scholarship: Institutions". InDrout, Michael D. C. (ed.).J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia: Scholarship and Critical Assessment Routledge . pp. 656– 659.ISBN 978-0-415-86511-1 ^ "J R R Tolkien Collection - Marquette University Libraries" .Marquette University Libraries. 30 November 2020. Archived fromthe original . Retrieved25 January 2021 .^a b c d e Croft, Janet Brennan (2016)."Bibliographic Resources for Literature Searches on J.R.R Tolkien" .Journal of Tolkien Research .3 (1). Article 2.^ Proceedings ofThe J. R. R. Tolkien Centenary Conference 1992– separate articles (out of print);– single PDF with index ^ GoodKnight, Glen H. ; Reynolds, Patricia (15 October 1996)."Editorial" .Mythlore 21 (2): article 1.^ Omentielva ^ Solopova 2009 .^ Drout, Michael D. C. , ed. (2006).The J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia: Scholarship and Critical Assessment Routledge . pp. xxix– xxx.ISBN 0-415-96942-5 ^ Hammond & Scull 2006b .^a b Lee 2020 .^ Higgins, Andrew (2015)."A Companion to J. R. R. Tolkien, ed. Stuart D. Lee, reviewed by Andrew Higgins" .Journal of Tolkien Research .2 (1). Article 2. ^ Bradfield, Julian."The Tolkien Language List" .Quettar.org . Retrieved25 January 2021 . ^ Tolkien Studies atWest Virginia University Press ^ Mythlore ^ Journal of Tolkien Research ^ Mallorn ^ At its issue #15 ,Tolkien Journal Mythlore . ^ Vinyar Tengwar ^ Petersen, Vibeke Rützou (2012)."Review of Fastitocalon. Studies in Fantasticism Ancient to Modern: Immortals and the Undead 1.2 (2010): 91–200" .Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts 23 (2 (85)):334– 337.ISSN 0897-0521 .JSTOR 24352949 . ^ Croft, Janet Brennan (2010)."Review of Fastitocalon: Studies in Fantasticism Ancient to Modern: Immortals and the Undead" .Mythlore 29 (1/2 (111/112)):188– 192.ISSN 0146-9339 .JSTOR 26815554 .
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