4.svg) | |
| Identifiers | |
|---|---|
3D model (JSmol) | |
| |
| |
| Properties | |
| Ti(ClO4)4 | |
| Molar mass | 445.65 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | white crystals, deliquescent |
| Density | 2.49 g/cm3 (anhydrous) |
| Melting point | 85 °C (185 °F; 358 K) (anhydrous) slight decomposition |
| Boiling point | decomposition |
| high | |
| Related compounds | |
Otheranions | Titanium nitrate |
Othercations | Zirconium perchlorate Hafnium perchlorate |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in theirstandard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
Titanium perchlorate, or more preciselytitanium(IV) perchlorate, is a molecular compound oftitanium andperchlorate groups with formula Ti(ClO4)4. Anhydrous titanium perchlorate decomposes explosively at 130 °C and melts at 85 °C with a slight decomposition. It sublimes in a vacuum as low as 70 °C. Being a molecular with four perchlorate ligands, it is an unusual example of atransition metal perchlorate complex.
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In Ti(ClO4)4, the four perchlorate groups binds asbidentate ligands. Thus the Ti center is bound to eight oxygen atoms.[2] So the molecule could also be calledtetrakis(perchlorato-O,O')titanium(IV).[3]
In the solid form it forms monoclinic crystals, with unit cell parameters a=12.451 b=7.814 c=12.826 Å α=108.13. Unit cell volume is 1186 Å3 at -100 °C. There are four molecules per unit cell.[1]
It reacts withpetrolatum,nitromethane,acetonitrile,dimethylformamide, and over 25° withcarbon tetrachloride.[2]
Titanyl perchlorate form solvates with water,dimethyl sulfoxide,dioxane,pyridine-N-oxide, andquinoline-N-oxide.[2]
Thermolysis of titanium perchlorate gives TiO2, ClO2 and dioxygen O2 The titanyl species TiO(ClO4)2 is an intermediate in this decomposition.[2]
Titanium perchlorate can be formed by reactingtitanium tetrachloride withperchloric acid enriched indichlorine heptoxide.[2] Another way uses titanium tetrachloride withdichlorine hexoxide. This forms a complex with Cl2O6 which when warmed to 55° in a vacuum, sublimes and can crystallise the pure anhydrous product from the vapour.[1]
In the salt dicaesium hexaperchloratotitanate, Cs2Ti(ClO4)6 the perchlorate groups aremonodentate, connected by one oxygen to titanium.[4]
Titanium perchlorate can also form complexes with otherligands bound to the titanium atom includingbinol,[5] andgluconic acid.[6]
A polymeric oxychlorperchlorato compound of titanium, Ti6O4Clx(ClO4)16−x, is made from excess TiCl4 and dichlorine hexoxide. This has a varying composition, and ranges from light to dark yellow.[7]