Thorsten Nordenfelt | |
|---|---|
 Nordenfelt in 1894 | |
| Born | Thorsten Nordenfelt (1842-03-01)1 March 1842 Örby, Sweden, |
| Died | 8 February 1920(1920-02-08) (aged 77) Stockholm, Sweden |
| Occupation | Inventor |
| Spouse | Emma Stansfeld Grundy |
Thorsten Nordenfelt (1 March 1842 – 8 February 1920) was a Swedish inventor and industrialist.
Nordenfelt was born in Örby outsideKinna, Sweden, the son of a colonel. The surname was and is often spelled Nordenfeldt, though Thorsten and his brothers always spelled it Nordenfelt, and the 1881 Census shows it as Nordenfelt. The family home in that year was Leinster Lodge on the Uxbridge Road,Paddington in west London.
Thorsten worked for a Swedish company in London from 1862 to 1866 and migrated to England in 1867 when he married Emma Stansfeld Grundy.
Thorsten Nordenfelt and his brother-in-law started a small business to trade Swedish steel for British rails in 1867. Later on he foundedNordenfelt Guns and Ammunition Company, ltd to develop a machine-gun designed byHelge Palmcrantz that would be referred to as theNordenfelt gun. His company also designed a range of anti-torpedoboat guns in calibres from 37 to 57 mm, that were produced inErith, Kent, Stockholm and Spain. Under pressure fromRothschild andVickers his company merged withMaxim's in 1888 to form TheMaxim Nordenfelt Guns and Ammunition Company.
After apersonal bankruptcy Nordenfelt was forced out of the Nordenfelt-Maxim company in 1890 and left England for France, where his new company, Société Nordenfelt, designed the eccentric screw breech used on theFrench 75. Legal action followed (Nordenfelt v Maxim, Nordenfelt Guns and Ammunition Co Ltd) over anon-compete clause Nordenfelt had signed.
In 1903 he returned to Sweden and retired.
In 1902 a public house named after Thorsten Nordenfelt was built at 181 Erith Road, Erith just along from the Gun and Carriage works ofVickers, Sons and Maxim (previouslyMaxim Nordenfelt Guns and Ammunition Company) . Named 'The Nordenfelt Tavern' it was built to the design of Jonathan G. Ensor (1852/3-19??), architect for brewerWatney Combe & Reid[1]
Discussions between Thorsten Nordenfelt and the English reverendGeorge Garrett led to the production of a series of steam-poweredsubmarines. The first was theNordenfelt I, a 56-tonne, 19.5-metre long vessel similar to Garret's ill-fatedResurgam (1879), with a range of 240 kilometres and armed with a single torpedo and a 25.4 mm machine gun. It was manufactured byBolinders in Stockholm in 1884–1885. Like theResurgam, it operated on the surface using a 100 HP steam engine with a maximum speed of 9 kn, then it shut down its engine to dive. She was purchased by the Greek Government and was delivered toPiraeus harbor in 1886. Following the acceptance tests, she was never used again by theHellenic Navy and was scrapped in 1901.[2]
Nordenfelt then built theNordenfelt II (Abdül Hamid) in 1886 andNordenfelt III (Abdül Mecid) in 1887, a pair of 30-metre long submarines with twin torpedo tubes, for theOttoman Navy.Abdül Hamid became the first submarine in history to fire a torpedo while submerged under water.[3] Nordenfelt's efforts culminated in 1887 with theNordenfelt IV which had twin motors and twin torpedoes. It was sold to the Russians, but proved unstable and ran aground off Jutland; it was scrapped when the Russians refused to pay for it.
Abdülhamid andAbdülmecid were inIstanbul in 1914. The submarines were briefly considered for use in harbour defence but it was found that their hulls were too badly corroded.[4]
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