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The 99 (Arabic:الـ99 orالتسعة وتسعون) is acomic book, created by Naif Al-Mutawa and published byTeshkeel Comics, featuring a team of superheroes with special abilities based on the99 attributes of Allah inIslam but some are virtues encouraged by a number of faiths.
The character cast consists of Dr. Ramzi, a scholar and social activist, the 99 youngsters (some of them children), with special abilities conferred to them by "Noor" gemstones. The set of evil characters is led by the power-hungry Rughal, who seeks to steal the power of the Noor stones and their bearers for his personal benefit. The storyline pits the 99 led by Dr. Ramzi in their pursuit of social justice and peace against the forces of chaos and evil.
The 99 was first launched in Kuwait in 2006 after it received approval from the country’s Ministry of Information, following which it was released globally. In September 2006, Unicorn Investment Bank acquired a stake in Teshkeel Media Group. Since the bank has a Sharia board, the investment enabled The 99 to gain approval in Saudi Arabia with its Sharia compliance.[3][4]
AnOrigins Preview was first published in the Middle East in May 2006, followed by a US reprinting in July2007.[5]The 99 #1 was printed in September 2006 in the Middle East and was published in the US in August 2007 asFirst Light.[6]The 99 only ran five issues in printed form, but both Middle East and USA editions continued to be published electronically until September 2013, with the final issue being #35. Indonesian and Indian editions were also produced.
Duringthe siege of Baghdad in 1258, books from theHouse of Wisdom were tossed into theTigris river by theIlkhanateMongol forces and allied troops to use them as a bridge. Downstream, scholars dipped 99 gemstones into the water to absorb the wisdom and power from the books.[11]
The 99 are ordinary teenagers and adults from across the globe, who come into possession of one of the ninety-nine magical mystical Noor Stones (Ahjar Al Noor, Stones of Light) and find themselves empowered in a specific manner. All dilemmas faced by The 99 are overcome through the combined powers and capabilities of three or more members. Through this, The 99 series aims to promote values such as cooperation and unity throughout the Islamic world. Although the series is not religious, it aims to communicate Islamic virtues which are, as viewed by series creator Dr. Al-Mutawa, universal in nature.
The concept of The 99 is based on the99 attributes of Allah. Many of these names refer to characteristics that can be possessed by human individuals. For example, – generosity, strength, faithfulness, wisdom are all virtues encouraged by a number of faiths.
In compliance with Islamic tradition, the Arabic version of the aliases of each of the 99 is written without the definitearticle "Al-", because use of this precise form isexclusive to Allah. This serves to remind that The 99 are only mortals, and sets them as human role models, with their qualities and weaknesses.
One of the characters, Batina The Hidden, wears aburqa, which some reports highlighted.
Bari the Healer (Haroun Ahrens fromSouth Africa) with the ability to heal the wounded
Batina The Hidden (Rola Hadramy fromYemen) with the ability to blend into the background and become invisible
Mujiba The Responder (Sharifa Samsudin fromMalaysia) with the ability to access the collective wisdom of mankind
Wassi the Vast (Ashok Mohan fromIndia) with the ability to temporarily enlarge or elongate isolated parts of his body
Samda the Invulnerable (Aisha Mokhtar fromLibya) with the ability to create a protective force field
Hadya the Guide (Amira Khan fromPakistan living inLondon, England) with the ability to track people and objects back along the paths they have taken
Fattah the Opener (Toro Ridwan fromIndonesia) with the ability to open up portals to faraway places and by stepping through them instantly go anywhere he wants
Darr the Afflicter (John Weller from theUnited States) with the ability to cause physical pain by focusing his anger on people
Mumita the Destroyer (Catarina Barbosa fromPortugal) with the ability to destroy objects
Jami the Assembler (Miklos Szekelyhidi fromHungary) with the ability to understand how all machines and gadgets work
Noora the Light (Dana Ibrahim fromUnited Arab Emirates) with the ability to see the light of truth in others or produce illusions of light
Jabbar the Powerful (Nawaf Al-Bilali fromSaudi Arabia) with the ability to move or break through large objects
Rughal, over 500 years old, was the youngest of the Guardians of the Fortress of Knowledge in the 15th Century. Desperate to find the Noor Stones, he becomes the adversary of Dr. Ramzi and The 99.
Sphinx, an excellent martial artist and with the ability to make nightmares and fears appear to come true
Professor Mindo, a quick-minded genius and once a leader in nanotechnology
Red Shroud (James Higgins fromUnited Kingdom), Rughal's driver, bodyguard and general assistant
Blackwolf (Thiab Al-Daham fromEgypt), Rughal's henchman and with the ability to transform into smoke and pass through solid objects. He is also impervious to harm.
The Pathologist (Audric Blondel fromFrance), enlisted by Rughal. A genius of biology and anatomy. He invented new unorthodox medical instruments and found a way to graft these onto his body giving him precise control over them.
Hammerforce (Guenther Gerhardt fromGermany), A former prizefighter in Thiab’s underground fight club in Cairo. Guenther submitted to Thiab's experimental performance-enhancing drugs, despite some terrible side effects
The Murk (Mikhael Murkovsky fromRussia), a brilliant scientist who worked with Rughal and with the ability to, like Blackwolf, turn his form gaseous at will.
The 99 Village theme park opened inJahra,Kuwait in March 2009.[12]
An animated series,The 99, was produced[13] and Teshkeel Comics signed a multimillion-dollar deal withEndemol to produce the series. The series was later banned by Kuwait.[14][failed verification] The series aired in nearly 70 countries, including on ATV in Turkey, Cartoon Network in Asia and South East Asia, RTE in Ireland, ABC in Australia and Yahoo! Maktoob’s video-on-demand platform and MBC in the MENA region.[15] The series launched on Netflix in December 2012.
The interactive website the99kids.com was designed byAardman.[16]
Creator Naif Al-Mutawa andThe 99 were the subjects of the 60 minute longPBS documentaryWham! Bam! Islam! byIsaac Solotaroff broadcast in October 2011 as the season premiere of PBS's series "Independent Lens".[17][18][19]
Al-Mutawa andThe 99 were featured inManislam, a 2014 documentary directed by Nefise Özkal Lorentzen exploring the burden of manhood in Islamic cultures.[20]
The 99 was listed byForbes as one of the 'Top 20 Trends Sweeping the Globe'[21] in January 2008. In April 2010, in reference to the subject of his prior speech in Cairo titled "A New Beginning", former US PresidentBarack Obama mentioned Dr. Naif Al-Mutawa at thePresidential Summit on Entrepreneurship in Washington, referring toThe 99 as "perhaps the most innovative response," and that "his comic books have captured the imagination of so many young people with superheroes who embody the teachings and tolerance of Islam".[22]The 99 has been covered by international media outlets includingThe New York Times,[23]CNN,[24]Newsweek,[25]BBC,[26] andThe Washington Post.[27]
Controversies
In a religious decree carried by Saudi websites, the clerics ruled the series blasphemous because the superheroes of its title are based on the 99 attributes ascribed to Allah in the Quran. The Grand Mufti Abdulaziz al-Sheikh, head of the Permanent Committee for Islamic Research and Issuing Fatwas, said "The 99 is a work of the devil that should be condemned and forbidden in respect to Allah's names and attributes." The original comic strip version, first released in 2006, had already run into opposition from Muslims not only in Saudi Arabia but also in neighboring Kuwait.[28]
The fatwa arose when Al-Mutawa was sued by a Kuwaiti civilian for blasphemy in a court of law in Kuwait in 2014. Al-Mutawa fought the case and won. There was an appeal in 2015 which he won as well.[3]
Andrea Peyser, columnist at theNew York Post, wrote in October 2010: "Hide your face and grab the kids. Coming soon to a TV in your child's bedroom is a posse of righteous, Sharia-compliant Muslim superheroes, including one who fights crime hidden head-to-toe by a burqa."[29]
On July 2, 2014,TheKuwait Times reported thatISIL members had issued death threats and offered unspecified rewards for the assassination of Dr. Al-Mutawa, via Twitter. Al-Mutawa defended the work saying that he had received clearance from sharia scholars and never would have gone ahead with the project had he not.[30]
Al-Mutawa was awarded “The Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship Award” forThe 99 at the World Economic Forum in May 2009.
In July 2009, The 99 received the Eliot-Pearson Award for Excellence in Children’s Media from Tufts University.[31]
In January 2015, Al-Mutawa was presented with the 2014 Islamic Economy Award in the Media Category for Teshkeel Media Group and The 99 fromSheikh Mohammed Bin Rashid Al Maktoum.[32]
Meier, Stefan (2013-03-28). ""Truth, Justice, and the Islamic Way": Conceiving the Cosmopolitan Muslim Superhero in The 99". In Daniel Stein; Shane Denson; Christina Meyer (eds.).Transnational Perspectives on Graphic Narratives: Comics at the Crossroads.A&C Black.ISBN9781441185235. - This is Chapter #11, in Part II: Transnational and Transcultural Superheroes
