Tempelhof | |
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 Coat of arms | |
Location of Tempelhof in Tempelhof-Schöneberg and Berlin  | |
  Tempelhof  Tempelhof | |
| Coordinates:52°28′00″N13°23′00″E / 52.46667°N 13.38333°E /52.46667; 13.38333 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Berlin |
| City | Berlin |
| Borough | Tempelhof-Schöneberg |
| Founded | 1210 |
| Area | |
• Total | 12.2 km2 (4.7 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 50 m (160 ft) |
| Population (2023-12-31)[1] | |
• Total | 63,792 |
| • Density | 5,200/km2 (14,000/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 12101, 12103, 12105, 12109, 12099, 12279 |
| Vehicle registration | B |
Tempelhof (German:[ˈtɛmpl̩hoːf]ⓘ) is alocality ofBerlin within the borough ofTempelhof-Schöneberg. It is the location of the formerTempelhof Airport, one of the earliest commercial airports in the world. The former airport and surroundings are now a park calledTempelhofer Feld, making it the largest inner city open space in the world.[2]
The Tempelhof locality is located in the south-central part of the city. BeforeBerlin's 2001 administrative reform, the area of Tempelhof, together with the localities ofMariendorf,Marienfelde, andLichtenrade, constituted a borough of its own, also calledTempelhof. These localities grew from historic villages on theTeltow plateau founded in the early 13th century in the course of the GermanOstsiedlung.
Tempelhove was first mentioned in a 1247 deed issued at theWalkenried Abbey as aKomturhof (commander's court, the smallest holding entity of amilitary order) of theKnights Templar, whose leadership and many fellow knights had been expelled from theKingdom of Jerusalem upon its downfall in 1291. The heart of the old settlement, consisting of the church and the original estate, was fortified and originally completely surrounded by water. The Templars were joined by fifteen families of landless farmers' sons from theRhine, who could not inherit any estate from their parents because of over-fragmentation of those estates. Legates of the Templars offered them fertile soil and the protection ofTempelhove's stronghold.
AfterPope Clement V officially abolished the Order of the Temple in 1312, theknights of Saint John (theJohanniter), backed by MargraveWaldemar of Brandenburg, took over the villages of Tempelhof, Mariendorf, and Marienfelde. In 1435, they sold their estates to the city of Berlin.
In the early nineteenth century, Tempelhof was still a village outside Berlin proper and was the site of country excursions for the citizens of Berlin.[3] The northern parts of Tempelhof were incorporated as Berlin'sTempelhofer Vorstadt in 1861 and in 1920 became part of theKreuzberg borough.
Today, the formercommandery (German:Komturei) is a chain of parks, calledBosepark,Kleiner Park,Alter Park, andFranckepark. Some of them still haveponds that were part of the artificialmoat surrounding the village's center. One, theKrummer Pfuhl, located in theFranckepark, after being turned into public swimming baths in the nineteenth century, has completely dried out and is now an encloseddeer park.
Theoriginal church, built from glacialboulders, was destroyed in theSecond World War and was replaced with one built ofashlar or dressed stone with atimber-frame tower.
TheTempelhof Studios were established in 1912 and functioned as film and later television studios.
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Amstelveen,Netherlands Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf (4) | |
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 Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg (2) | |
 Lichtenberg (11) | |
 Marzahn-Hellersdorf (10) | |
 Mitte (1) | |
 Neukölln (8) | |
 Pankow (3) | |
 Reinickendorf (12) | |
 Spandau (5) | |
 Steglitz-Zehlendorf (6) | |
 Tempelhof-Schöneberg (7) | |
 Treptow-Köpenick (9) | |
| West boroughs (1920–2000) |  | |
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| East boroughs (1920–2000) | ||
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| Other | |
