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Multiple fruit

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected fromSyncarp)
Fruiting bodies formed from a cluster of fruiting flowers (inflorescence)
Pineapple is a kind of multiple fruit

Multi-fruits, also calledcollective fruits, are fruiting bodies formed from a cluster offlowers, theinflorescence. Each flower in the inflorescence produces afruit, but these mature into a single mass.[1] After flowering, the mass is called aninfructescence.[2][3] Examples are thefig,pineapple,mulberry,osage orange, andjackfruit.

In contrast, anaggregate fruit such as a raspberry develops from multipleovaries of a single flower. In languages other than English, the meanings of "multiple" and "aggregate" fruit are reversed, so that multiple fruits merge several pistils within a single flower.[4]

In some cases, the infructescences are similar in appearance to simple fruits. One example is pineapple (Ananas), which is formed from thefusion of theberries withreceptacle tissues andbracts.[5][6]

In some plants, such as thisnoni, flowers are produced continuously and it is possible to see examples of flowering, fruit development and fruit ripening together on a single stem.

As shown in the photograph of thenoni, stages of flowering and fruit development in thenoni or Indian mulberry (Morinda citrifolia) can be observed on a single branch. First an inflorescence of white flowers called a head is produced. Afterfertilization, each flower develops into a drupe, and as the drupes expand, they becomeconnate (merge) into amultiple fleshy fruit called asyncarp. There are also many dry multiple fruits.[citation needed]

Other examples of multiple fruits:

  • Plane tree, multiple achenes from multiple flowers, in a single fruit structure
  • Mulberry, multiple flowers form one fruit
  • Breadfruit, multiple flowers form one fruit
  • Fig, multiple flowers similar to mulberry infructescence form a multiple fruit inside the inverted inflorescence. This form is called asyconium.

Gallery

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  • Ananas comosus (pineapple)
    Ananas comosus (pineapple)
  • Morus nigra (black mulberry)
    Morus nigra (black mulberry)
  • Morinda citrifolia (noni)
    Morinda citrifolia (noni)
  • Ficus carica (fig)
    Ficus carica (fig)
  • Maclura pomifera (Osage orange)
    Maclura pomifera (Osage orange)
  • Platanus spp. (plane tree)
    Platanus spp. (plane tree)
  • Artocampus heterophyllus (jackfruit)
    Artocampus heterophyllus (jackfruit)

See also

[edit]

References

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  1. ^Schlegel (2003-05-13).Encyclopedic Dictionary of Plant Breeding and Related Subjects. Taylor & Francis. p. 282.ISBN 9781560229506.
  2. ^Hickey, M.; King, C. (2001).The Cambridge Illustrated Glossary of Botanical Terms. Cambridge University Press.
  3. ^Beentje, H.; Williamson, J. (2010).The Kew Plant Glossary: an Illustrated Dictionary of Plant Terms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: Kew Publishing.
  4. ^Spjut, R.; Thieret, J. (1989). "Confusion between multiple and aggregate fruits".The Botanical Review.55 (1):53–72.Bibcode:1989BotRv..55...53S.doi:10.1007/bf02868781.S2CID 24994626.
  5. ^"Multiple Fruits, Pineapple Multiple Fruit, Examples of Multiple Fruits, Types of Multiple Fruits".www.fruitsinfo.com. Retrieved2022-03-18.
  6. ^"Multiple Fruits".science.jburroughs.org. Archived fromthe original on 2022-01-08. Retrieved2022-03-18.
Types offruits
Types of fruits
Categories of fruits
Function
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