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| Swedish Vallhund | |||||||||
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| Other names | Swedish cattle dog Swedish Shepherd Västgötaspets | ||||||||
| Origin | Sweden | ||||||||
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| Dog (domestic dog) | |||||||||
TheSwedish Vallhund, also known as theVästgötaspets and Swedish cow dog, is abreed of dog native to Sweden. The breed's name,Vallhund, when translated into English, means herding dog, as the Swedish Vallhund was originally bred as adrover andherder of cows over 1,000 years ago.[1][2] In 1942, the dog came close to extinction, but careful breeding and publicity by Swedish national Björn von Rosen and K. G. Zettersten managed to revive the breed in popularity and save it from its likely end.[3] In 1943, theSwedish Kennel Club recognized the Swedish Vallhund as a breed, and officially categorized the Swedish Vallhund as "the Västgötaspets" forVästergötland, the province in which their revival took place.[3] Since then, the breed has been recognized by, and bred in, over ten countries and has gained some popularity.[3]
The average height of the Swedish Vallhund, measured at thewithers, is approximately 33 cm (12.9 in) for males and 31 cm (12.2 in) for females.[4] They are strong, with a long body. The ratio of height to body length is about 2:3. The head of the Vallhund is wedge-shaped, with dark brown oval eyes and pricked ears.[4] They are born with every variance of tail length, from no tail at all to full length, therefore they are often mistaken for having beendocked. (Tail docking is illegal in Sweden.)
Thecoat is short and harsh, with a tight topcoat and a soft, dense undercoat. The hair on the foreparts of the legs is slightly longer than that of the neck, chest and back parts of the hind legs.Fur color varies from grey, greyish brown and greyish yellow to reddish brown, with darker hair on the back, neck, and sides of the body. Lighter hair in the same shade of color as mentioned above can be seen on the muzzle, throat, chest, belly, buttocks, feet and hocks. They have lighter markings on their shoulders, also known as harness markings. Some dogs have white patches which appear, to a small extent, as a narrow blaze, neckstop or slight necklace, as well as having white markings on their fore and hindlegs and on the chest. The maximum is 30% white.[5][6]
The Swedish Vallhund is generally a healthy dog. Its small stature contributes to its longevity, with an average lifespan of 15 years.[7] Its pointy ears mean that—unlike dog breeds with long, hanging ears—ear problems are rare. This breed does well in hot climates because of its double layer coat, as long as the dog is provided cool shade and water. The breed does not do well in very deep snow because of its short legs. The Vallhund has an inherited type ofprogressive retinal atrophy disease in 34.9% of the population, which appears as mild to moderatenight-blindness around the age of ten.[8]
The Vallhund can compete in a variety of sports includingdog agility trials,obedience,rally obedience,showmanship,flyball,tracking, hiking, andherding events.Herding instincts and trainability can be measured at noncompetitive herding tests. Vallhunds that exhibit basic herding instincts can be trained to compete in herding trials.[9]
The Swedish Vallhund is an ancient, national dog breed ofSweden and may date back to the 8th or 9th century. Swedish Vallhunds originated in the province ofVästergötland, which lies just south of lakeVänern. Here the small dog proved to be excellent for watching, guarding and herding. The breed dates to theViking settlement of England and is thought to have played a part in the development of the modernWelsh Corgi and theLancashire Heeler. According to theAmerican Kennel Club, another theory of the breed's origin is that during the eighth or ninth century "either the Swedish Vallhund was brought to Wales or the Corgi was taken to Sweden, hence the similarities between the two breeds".[2]
The Swedish Vallhund is related to largerspitz dogs andmoosehunting dogs ofScandinavia. Large dogs of this spitz-type have been found buried with their masters inStone-Age settlements in Scandinavia.
