| Subiculum | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Subiculum labeled at center left (coronal brain slice). | |
 CA1 transition to subiculum Artist Don Cooper and Leah Leverich | |
| Details | |
| Part of | Temporal lobe |
| Artery | Posterior cerebral Anterior choroidal |
| Identifiers | |
| NeuroNames | 188 |
| NeuroLex ID | birnlex_1305 |
| TA98 | A14.1.09.326 |
| TA2 | 5519 |
| FMA | 74414 |
| Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy | |
Thesubiculum (Latin for "support") also known as thesubicular complex, orsubicular cortex, is the most inferior component of thehippocampal formation. It lies between theentorhinal cortex and theCA1hippocampal subfield.
The subicular complex comprises a set of four related structures including the prosubiculum, presubiculum, postsubiculum and parasubiculum.[1]
The subiculum got its name fromKarl Friedrich Burdach in his three-volume workVom Bau und Leben des Gehirns (Vol. 2, §199). He originally named it subiculum cornu ammonis and so associated it with the rest of thehippocampal subfields.
The subicular complex receives input from CA1 andentorhinal cortical layer IIIpyramidal neurons and is the main output of thehippocampus proper. Thepyramidal neurons send projections to thenucleus accumbens,septal nuclei,prefrontal cortex,lateral hypothalamus,nucleus reuniens,mammillary nuclei,entorhinal cortex andamygdala.
The pyramidal neurons in the subiculum exhibit transitions between two modes ofaction potential output:bursting and single spiking.[2] The transitions between these two modes is thought to be important for routing information out of the hippocampus.
Four component areas have been described:[3]parasubiculum (adjacent to the parahippocampal gyrus),presubiculum, postsubiculum, and prosubiculum.
Theparasubiculum containsgrid cells,[4] which are neurons responsive to movements in particular directions over particular distances.
Thepresubiculum is part of theposterior cortex corresponding toBrodmann area 27, and forms part of the cortical input to the entorhinal-hippocampal spatial/memory system.
The dorsal part of the presubiculum is more commonly known as the postsubiculum[5] and is of interest because it containshead direction cells, which are responsive to the facing direction of the head.[6]
Prosubiculum is a term often used in reference to monkey anatomy but rarely in rodents, referring to a region located between theCA1 region of thehippocampus and the subiculum, and distinguished by higher cell density and smaller cell sizes.[1]
It is believed to play a role in some cases of humanepilepsy.[7][8]
It has also been implicated inworking memory[9] and drugaddiction.[10]
It has been suggested that the dorsal subiculum is involved in spatial relations, and the ventral subiculum regulates thehypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.[11]
Rat studies indicate that lesioning of the subiculum decreases the spread of amyloid-beta in rat models ofAlzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's disease pathology is thought to haveprion-like properties. The disease tends to spread in characteristic sequence from the entorhinal cortex through the subiculum.[12]
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