 | |
| Manufacturer | Korolev |
|---|---|
| Country of origin | Soviet Union |
| Operator | Soviet space program |
| Applications | Uncrewed spacecraft around theMoon and back toEarth |
| Production | |
| Status | Program ended. One craft orbited, one craft failed |
| Built | 2 |
| Launched | 2 |
| Retired | 1971 |
| Related spacecraft | |
| Derived from | Soyuz 7K-OK andSoyuz 7K-L1 |
Soyuz 7K-L1E was aSoviet uncrewed modifiedSoyuz 7K-L1 spacecraft. Also called a dummySoyuz 7K-LOK. Two were built, one Soyuz 7K-L1E was successfully launched intoLow Earth Orbit onProton rocket and is known asKosmos 382. The other Soyuz 7K-L1E was placed on aN1 rocket, which failed at launch. TheSoyuz spacecraft was first used in 1967 as the main crewed spacecraft of the Soviet Union and is still in use today. ManySoyuz variations have been built and the Soyuz 7K-L1E was an uncrewed variation.[1][2][3][4]
Soyuz 7K-L1E No.1 was launched on 26 June 1971 at 23:15:08 (11:15pm Moscow time) fromBaikonur Cosmodrome Site 110/37. The spacecraft was built to test theBlok D rocket and theN-1 rocket. This was thethird launch of the N-1. The previous two N-1 launches had failed. The N-1 Rocket was asuper heavy-lift launch vehicle design to go to the moon, as a counterpart to the U.S.Saturn V rocket in thespace race. The first stage of the N-1 serial 6L failed at launch. The Soyuz 7K-L1E had noescape rescue system and was lost. The Block D was designed to work with the N-1 to take theLK lunar lander to near the surface of the Moon. The Block D stage is still in use, but is used atop a Proton rocket. Had Soyuz 7K-L1E No.1 worked the upper stage was planned to go through maneuvers simulating those that would be used on a lunar mission. The Block D rocket would have taken the LK lunar lander to near the surface of the Moon.[5][6]
Soyuz 7K-L1E No.2 was an uncrewed Soyuz 7K-L1, launched on a Proton, with an N-1 upper stage and the Soyuz 7K-L1E control spacecraft into Earth orbit on 2 December 1970. This flight was a success and was then designated "Cosmos 382" - "Kosmos 382".Kosmos being the title given Sovietsatellites since 1962. Kosmos-382 carried experiments and simulating the lunar orbit insertion burn, for planned latercrewed missions to the Moon.[7][8]
| Launch vehicles and ascent/upper stages |  | |
|---|---|---|
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| Soyuzdocking tests | ||
| Zond (7K-L1/L1S) lunar flyby missions | ||
| LOK (7K-LOK/L1E) test missions | ||
| LK Lander (T2K) test missions | ||
The † sign designates failed missions.Italics designates cancelled missions. | ||
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