| Small seal script | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Script type | |
Time period | c. 500 BC – c. 200 AD |
| Languages | Old Chinese |
| Related scripts | |
Parent systems | (Proto-writing)
|
Child systems | Clerical script |
| Small seal script | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese | 小篆 | ||||||||||||
| Literal meaning | small seal | ||||||||||||
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| Qin script | |||||||||||||
| Chinese | 秦篆 | ||||||||||||
| Literal meaning | Qin seal | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
| Chinese characters |
|---|
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Collation and standards
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Homographs and readings |
Thesmall seal script is an archaicscript style ofwritten Chinese. It developed within thestate of Qin during theEastern Zhou dynasty (771–256 BC), and was then promulgated across China in order to replace script varieties used in otherancient Chinese states followingQin's wars of unification and establishment of theQin dynasty (221–206 BC) underQin Shi Huang, the firstemperor of China.
During theEastern Zhou dynasty (c. 771 – 256 BC), local varieties ofChinese character forms had developed across the country, producing the 'scripts of the six states' (六國文字)—which were later collectively referred to aslarge seal script.[1] This variance was considered unacceptable by the nascentQin dynasty (221–206 BC), who saw it as a hindrance to timely communication, trade, taxation, and transportation, as well as being a potential vector for fomenting political dissent.[2] Around 220 BC,Qin Shi Huang ordered a systematic standardization of the country's weights, measures, and currency, as well as its writing system. Character forms which differed from those used by Qin scribes were discarded, with the Qin forms becoming standard across the entire empire.[3]
The standardized use of small seal characters was promulgated via theCangjiepian primer compiled by Qin Shi Huang's ministers—namely his chancellorLi Si. This compilation, which was claimed to include 3,300 characters, is no longer extant, and is known only through Chinese commentaries over the centuries. Several hundred characters from fragmented commentaries were collected during theQing dynasty (1644–1912), and recent archeological excavations inAnhui have uncovered several hundred more on bamboo strips, showing the order of the characters.[citation needed] However, the script found was not the small seal script, as the discovery dates back to the Han period.[citation needed]
The small seal script was initially proposed for inclusion inUnicode in 2015. The 723-page proposal lists many of the best-known examples of Qing-era commentary images.[4] As of April 2020[update], the proposal remains under discussion.