Slavuta Славута | |
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 View of Slavuta | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Slavuta Location of Slavuta in Ukraine Show map of Khmelnytskyi Oblast Slavuta Slavuta (Ukraine) Show map of Ukraine | |
| Coordinates:50°18′10″N26°52′06″E / 50.30278°N 26.86833°E /50.30278; 26.86833 | |
| Country |  Ukraine |
| Oblast | Khmelnytskyi Oblast |
| Raion | Shepetivka Raion |
| Hromada | Slavuta urban hromada |
| First mention date | XVII |
| City rights | 1633 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Vasyl B. Sydor |
| Area | |
• Total | 20 km2 (8 sq mi) |
| Population (2022) | |
• Total | 34,918 |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
| Postal code | 30000 |
| Area code | +380 3842 |
| Website | http://www.slavuta-mvk.info/ |
Slavuta (Ukrainian:Славута,IPA:[slɐˈʋutɐ]ⓘ;Polish:Sławuta;Yiddish:סלאוויטא,romanized: Slavita) is acity inShepetivka Raion,Khmelnytskyi Oblast (province) of westernUkraine, located on theHoryn River. The city is located approximately 80 km from the oblast capital,Khmelnytskyi, at around50°18′N26°52′E / 50.300°N 26.867°E /50.300; 26.867. Slavuta hosts the administration ofSlavuta urban hromada, one of thehromadas of Ukraine.[1] Population: 34,301 (2023 estimate);[2]34,918 (2022 estimate).[3]
Located inVolhynia, Slavuta was founded by a member ofZaslawski family in 1633.[4] As the family extinguished, all its possessions were transferred toLubomirski family. Eventually the town was passed on toMarianna Lubomirska who marriedPaweł Sanguszko who turned the town into the family seat of theSanguszko princes. Administratively it was located in theVolhynian Voivodeship in theLesser Poland Province of the Kingdom of Poland.
It was annexed by Russia in thePartitions of Poland. Between 1922 and 1939 it was on the Soviet border withPoland.
DuringWorld War II, the town was occupied by Germany from 1941 to 1944. The occupiers operated threeprisoner-of-war camps in Slavuta, first Stalag 301 from August to November 1942, following its relocation fromKowel and before its further relocation toShepetivka, then Stalag 357 from March to December 1943, following its relocation fromPoltava and before its further relocation toToruń inGerman-occupied Poland, and then Dulag 124 in early 1944, following its relocation from Poltava and before its further relocation toHoyerswerda in Germany.[5]
Until 18 July 2020, Slavuta was incorporated as acity of oblast significance and served as the administrative center ofSlavuta Raion though it did not belong to the raion. In July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Khmelnytskyi Oblast to three, the city of Slavuta was merged into Shepetivka Raion.[6][7]
Slavuta has a richJewish history. The town had a prominentJewish community since near its establishment in the 1600s. Town records show 246 Jewish families in 1765.[4]
In 1791 the Shapira family set up a Hebrew printing press in Slavuta, which published an influential edition of theTalmud.Moshe Feldenkrais was born in Slavuta on 6 May 1904.[8]
The peak of the Jewish population of Slavuta is over 5,100 in 1939, about 1/3 of the town's population. In the late 1890s the Jewish population of Slavuta was near 60% at 4,900 people.
The Jewish community consisted of farmers, traders, storekeepers, andrabbinical teachers. Slavuta at one point had nearly 200 Jewish owned shops, largely due to Slavuta being established as a prominenttrading town andJewish center. Slavuta also had three establishedsynagogues.[4]
A completeTalmud, known asThe Slavita Shas[9] was published in 1817[10] by Rabbi Moshe Shapira,[11] "Av Bais Din and printer of Slavita."[10]: p.185 The Shapira Press was given a 25-year license to be the sole publishers of the Talmud in their region by a Jewish court.[12]
WithWWII and the invasion ofNazi Germany, the Jews of Slavuta had a fate similar as the Jews of hundreds of other villages near and far.[13] Many hundreds were able to flee toTashkent andSiberia. But over 2000 Jews were killed in the Slavutaghetto andNazi concentration camps. All but one synagogue remained, and the mass grave of Jews killed was left in a field.
After WWII, the town still had a sizable Jewish community. The survivors of the ghetto and concentration camp, the Jews who fled to Siberia and Tashkent, as well as surviving Jews from surrounding villages that had been completely destroyed, came back and resettled. Synagogue papers, furniture, and scripts from the surrounding ravagedcommunities had been brought to the Slavuta synagogue. Slavuta also had manymonuments established, dedicated to the Jews killed during WWII. Today, the Jewish population is nearly 700.[14]
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1633 .. self-governing town rights. .. first synagogue, archive documents in 1731. In 1765 .. poll tax .. 246 Jews registered
.. a copy of the greatly valued Slavita Shas.
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