| Hatf-IV Shaheen | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Type | SRBM |
| Place of origin |  Pakistan |
| Service history | |
| In service | 2003–Present |
| Used by |  Pakistan Army |
| Production history | |
| Designer | National Defence Complex |
| Designed | 1995–99 |
| Manufacturer | National Defence Complex National Engineering & Scientific Commission |
| Variants | Shaheen-IA |
| Specifications (Technical data) | |
| Mass | 9,500 kg (20,900 lb) |
| Length | 12.0 m (470 in) |
| Diameter | 1.0 m (39 in) |
| Maximum firing range | 750 km (470 mi)—900 km (560 mi) |
| Warhead | HE/ICM/NE |
| Warhead weight | 700 kg (1,500 lb) (Shaheen-I) 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) (Shaheen-IA) |
| Blast yield | 35kilotons of TNT (150 TJ) (Shaheen-I) 40kilotons of TNT (170 TJ)(Shaheen-IA)[1] |
| Engine | Single-stage |
| Transmission | Automatic |
| Suspension | MAZ-73108WD (With Pakistani military markings) |
| Propellant | Solid-propellant |
Operational range | 790 km (490 mi)–900 km (560 mi) |
Guidance system | Inertial,Terminal |
| Accuracy | <50 m (160 ft)CEP |
Launch platform | Transporter erector launcher (TEL),launch pad |
TheShaheen-I (Urdu:شاہين-ا; Military designation:Hatf–IV, Translit.:Target-4), is aland-basedshort-rangeballistic missile designed and developed by theNational Defence Complex andNational Engineering & Science Commission.
The system is currently deployed in military service with strategic commands of thePakistan Army asHatf-IV', and it is dedicated and named after a species ofFalcon found in themountain ranges ofPakistan.[2]
TheJS HQ officially adopted the codename of the missile as "Hatf–IV.[3] It has been reported that it wasPrime MinisterNawaz Sharif who suggested the name "Shaheen" by taking a cue fromphilosopherIqbal's poetic symbolShaheenFalcon.[3] After being test fired in 1999,JS HQ officially codenamed the missile as "Hatf–IV Shaheen.[3] Though its variants are now known as Shaheen-I and Shaheen-IA.
TheShaheen-I is anuclear weapons-delivery capable andshort-rangeballistic missile with a range of 750 km (470 mi); it is propelled by two-stagesolid-fuel rocket motor.[2] TheShaheen-I is said to be extremelyaccurate and precise with Pakistani military data stating that itsCEP is between 25 m (82 ft)–50 m (160 ft).[4] This is partly due to a post-separation attitude correction system.[5]
This system would allow the missile to modify its trajectory, improving accuracy and, along with the stealthy warhead shaping, giving some capability to evade missile defence systems.[6][7] It is based on terminal guidance system technology, which improves warhead accuracy by firing small thrusters to adjust the warhead's trajectory and uses satellite navigation systems to help find the target. Such systems would allow the Shaheen to be used against strategic targets without requiring a nuclear warhead to ensure the target's destruction.[5]
TheShaheen-1A is astrategic nuclear weapon delivery-capable system that was first test fired at Air Force'sFlight Test Range on 7 April 2012.[8] Initially, theISPR and the American media identified this missile asmedium-range ballistic missile, but the Pakistani military confirms that it is a short-range missile with extended range.[9]
No data had been shared by the military that led the speculations about the missile's capabilities.[10] However, a civilian analyst on military affairs in Islamabad reportedly noted that this missile could be equipped with warheads designed to evade missile defense systems.[11] The speed of theShaheen 1A also provides an extremely high impact speed for nearby targets, enabling it to avoid any anti-ballistic missile defenses that may develop in the immediate region.[11] A European diplomat in Islamabad mentioned that theShaheen-1A missile seems to have an improved ability to strike at its targets.[11] It also has a more powerful engine, which means that it travels at scramjet speeds and can strike at longer distances than Shaheen-1.[11]
On 25 April 2012, theISPR revealed more information about the missile, noting that the weight is approximately 10,000 kg, slightly heavier than its predecessor and can carry a single 1000 kg warhead.[12] In addition, the Shaheen IA primarily contains sophisticated automated refueling and advanced stealth technology features that were not present in its previous version to avoid detections from radars.[13] All three Shaheen missiles, Shaheen I, Shaheen 1A andShaheen II are reportedly equipped with the latest PSAC (Post-Separation Attitude Correction) system. This is a feature which consists of small thrusters that can adjust the warhead trajectory for greater accuracy and evading anti-ballistic missile defence systems.[14] The features of the missile could also serve as a testbed of features which could be implemented on the yet to be deployedShaheen III.[15][16] Shaheen-1 A ( Hatf IV), with a range of 900 km, was test-fired on 17 November 2014.[17]
Development onShaheen program began in 1995 and the program went toNational Development Complex bureau of theNational Engineering and Scientific Commission (NESCOM).[18] The program was put under Dr.Samar Mubarakmand– anuclear physicist and afluid dynamicist who delegated the program to country's scientists and engineers. Necessary fundings for the program were secured by themilitary, and the development on rocket engine and its eventually testings began to be utilized by theSpace Research Commission.[3]
In the memoirs of scientists who worked on the program maintained that "Shaheen was a very difficult program and the development of this system has given maximum accuracy– a 100% capability of destroying its target."[3] The program's original goal was to developed asupersonic missile that it would be impossible for any missile defense system could intercept it.[3]Solid-fuel systems for the guided missiles are very difficult to develop and Pakistani scientists closely monitored the Indian development of theAgni-II missile.[3] TheSpace Research Commission continued to modifies the designs, and repeatedly tests theSolid-fuel rocket motors on multiple occasions.[3]
TheShaheen-I wastest fired on 15 April 1999 by a joint team ofNDC andSRC led under Dr.Samar Mubarakmand from theSonmiani Test Range, which was termed as "highly successfully".[3] At the height ofmilitary standoff with India in 2002, another test took place and it was quoted byInformation ministerNisar Memon as "part of technical requirements" and unrelated to the military confrontation in Kashmir.[19] On 8 October 2003, theShaheen-I was again [test fired for a third time from an undisclosed location, as theISPR stated: "The test is part of the ongoing series of tests of Pakistan's indigenous missile systems."[20]
TheShaheen-I andShaheen-IA are transported with Pakistan-reverse engineered former SovietMAZ-7310 military trucks with visible Pakistani military markings since 2003.[21][22][circular reference] Another was tested on 8 May 2010[23] The Shaheen 1A was test fired on 25 April 2012.[24] On April 10, 2013, Pakistan tested another Shaheen 1A[25]
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** = Includes all ship-to-ship, ship-to-sub, sub-to-ship and sub-to-sub torpedoes See also: | |||||||||||||||
