| Shabden Park | |
|---|---|
 | |
 | |
| Type | Nature reserve |
| Location | Chipstead, Surrey |
| OS grid | TQ 274 563 |
| Area | 103 hectares (250 acres) |
| Managed by | Surrey Wildlife Trust |
Shabden Park is a 103-hectare (250-acre) nature reserve inChipstead inSurrey. It is owned bySurrey County Council and managed by theSurrey Wildlife Trust[1] and is part of theChipstead DownsSite of Special Scientific Interest.[2]
This is a working farm which has wildflower meadows on chalk grassland together with areas of woodland. It has a nationally scarce species ofmining bee and other fauna includeRoesel's bush-cricket and a variety of birds and butterflies.[1]
There is access to footpaths through the farm only.[1]
The earliest records of Shabden Park are from 1263, when "Alured de Shepinden" is recorded as living there and the Surrey Subsidy Rolls of 1332 mention "Walter de Shependen" as a resident.[3] The name "Shabden" is thought to mean "sheep hill", the "–den" suffix having a similar derivation to theOld English:dun.[4] During the late medieval period, the land is thought to have been divided between twocopyhold tenancies.[3]
John Fanshawe, father of the poet,Catherine Maria Fanshawe, bought Shabden Park in the early 1760s.[5] By this time, the estate covered around 500 acres (200 ha) and the mansion was the largest house in Chipstead.[6] Fanshawe was responsible for creating the Long Plantation, along the boundary with the neighbouring Eyhurst estate, and may also have planted Tickner's and Poorfield Woods.[5][6] He is also thought to have commissioned the building of the house depicted in a painting byJohn Hassell in 1821.[7][8]
On Fanshawe's death in 1816, Shabden Park was bought by Archibald Little. The1841 census records six members of his family (two of whom were soldiers) living in the mansion, along with 14 servants.[5] After Little's death in 1844, the estate was owned by John Cattley, a director ofRoyal Exchange Assurance.[9] His son, John Garrett Cattley, who inherited Shabden in 1862, commissionedEdward Middleton Barry to rebuild and enlarge the existing mansion house.[5][9] The architectural critics,Nikolaus Pevsner andIan Nairn, describe Barry's house as being "very Victorian" and the style as being "uncompromising symmetrical French Renaissance", also noting the "elephantine timber porch".[10]
The final private owner wasHorace Brooks Marshall, a newspaper publisher who served asLord Mayor of London in 1918-19. Marshall developed shooting on the estate.[5] After Marshall's death in 1936, the mansion and the surrounding 560 acres (230 ha) of land were offered for sale.[6][11] Surrey County Council bought Shabden Park for £65,000 that December,[12] turning the mansion into a geriatric hospital for elderly ladies.[6][13] Around half of the estate, comprising 275 acres (111 ha) of agricultural land, was leased toLondon County Council.[12] In the late 1970s, the geriatric hospital closed and Surrey County Council divided the house into apartments, which were each allocated a share of the grounds.[14]
Ahorse wheel, originally installed at Shabden Park in the 1870s, was relocated toGreys Court inOxfordshire in the early 1970s. A ceremony to mark the completion of the project to restore the wheel took place on 8 June 1975.[15]
51°17′31″N0°10′30″W / 51.292°N 0.175°W /51.292; -0.175
