Battle of Galveston
Part of theTrans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War
CSBayou City captures USSHarriet Lane during the Battle of Galveston
Date January 1, 1863 (1863-01-01) Location Galveston, Texas Result Confederate victory
Belligerents
United States (Union)	Confederate States (Confederacy)
Commanders and leaders
Isaac S. Burrell William B. Renshaw †	John B. Magruder Leon Smith
Units involved
West Gulf Blockading Squadron 42nd Massachusetts Infantry	Department of Texas, New Mexico and Arizona Texas Marine Department
Strength
6 gunboats Unknown infantry	2 gunboats Unknown infantry
Casualties and losses
c. 420 captured 1 gunboat captured 1 gunboat destroyed	26 killed, 117 wounded

TheBattle of Galveston was a naval and land battle of theAmerican Civil War, when Confederate forces under Major Gen.John B. Magruder expelled occupying Union troops from the city ofGalveston, Texas on January 1, 1863.

After the loss of the cutterHarriet Lane, the Union Fleet CommanderWilliam B. Renshaw blew up the stranded vesselUSS Westfield to save it from falling into enemy hands. Union troops on shore thought the fleet was surrendering, and laid down their arms.The battle is sometimes called the Second Battle of Galveston, as theBattle of Galveston Harbor (October 1862) is sometimes called the First Battle of Galveston.

Two Confederatecottonclads,CS Bayou City and theCS Neptune commanded byLeon Smith, sailed from Houston to Galveston in an effort to engage the Union Fleet in Galveston Harbor, which consisted ofUSS Clifton,USS Harriet Lane,USS Westfield,USS Owasco,USS Corypheus andUSS Sachem.^[1] Outnumbered six to two by the Northern ships,Neptune was severely damaged by the Union Fleet and eventually sank. WhileNeptune was quickly disabled,Bayou City succeeded in capturingUSS Harriet Lane.^[2]

During this time,USS Westfield was grounded on a sandbar. A temporary truce between the two opposing sides was established, and despite still being outnumbered, the Confederate forces sent over an officer to negotiate terms of surrender of the Union fleet. Their proposal included the surrender of all Union ships present, save one which would be permitted to leave the Harbor with the crew of all other vessels. However, Union Fleet CommanderWilliam B. Renshaw rejected the Confederate offer, and attempted to destroy the groundedWestfield with explosives rather than let it fall into enemy hands.

Renshaw and several Union troops were subsequently killed when the explosives were set off too early. Union troops on shore were convinced that their own ships were surrendering and, therefore, laid down their arms. The remaining U.S. ships did not surrender and succeeded in retreating to Union-controlledNew Orleans.^[3][4]

The Union blockade around the city of Galveston was lifted temporarily for four days, and Galveston remained the only major port that remained in Confederate hands at the end of the war. The Confederate Congress stated this on the successful recapture of Galveston:

The bold, intrepid, and gallant conduct of Maj. Gen. J. Bankhead Magruder, Col. Thomas Green, Maj.Leon Smith and other officers, and of the Texan Rangers and soldiers engaged in the attack on, and victory achieved over, the land and naval forces of the enemy at Galveston, on January 1, 1863, eminently entitle them to the thanks of Congress and the country... This brilliant achievement, resulting, under the providence of God, in the capture of the war steamerHarriet Lane and the defeat and ignominious flight of the hostile fleet from the harbor, the recapture of the city and the raising of the blockade of the port of Galveston, signally evinces that superior force may be overcome by skillful conception and daring courage.

• Jonathan Mayhew Wainwright II, killed in action during the battle.

• National Park Service battle description
• CWSAC Report Update
• The Battle of Galveston (1 January 1863) at Lone Star Junction
• Battle of Galveston atThe Handbook of Texas Online

29°20′22″N94°46′01″W / 29.339536°N 94.767036°W /29.339536; -94.767036

• 1863 in Texas
• Battles of the Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War
• Confederate victories of the American Civil War
• Conflicts in 1863
• History of Galveston, Texas
• Maritime incidents in January 1863
• Battles of the American Civil War in Texas
• January 1863
• Naval battles of the American Civil War

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