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SEA Games

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Biennial multi-sport event in Southeast Asia

SEA Games
Games
SEA Games
AbbreviationSEA Games
First event1959 Southeast Asian Peninsular Games in Bangkok, Thailand
Occur every2 odd-numbered years
Next event2025 Southeast Asian Games inBangkok,Chonburi, andSongkhla,Thailand
PurposeMulti sport event for nations on the Southeast Asian subcontinent
HeadquartersBangkok,Thailand
PresidentCharouck Arirachakaran

TheSoutheast Asian Games, commonly known asSEA Games is a biennialmulti-sport event involving participants from the current 11 countries ofSoutheast Asia. The games are under the regulation of theSoutheast Asian Games Federation with supervision by theInternational Olympic Committee and theOlympic Council of Asia.

The SEA Games is one of the five subregional Games of theOlympic Council of Asia, the others beingSouth Asian Games,West Asian Games,East Asian Games, andCentral Asian Games.[1]

History

[edit]

The SEA Games owes its origins to theSouth East Asian Peninsular Games orSEAP Games (abbreviated asSEAPG). On 22 May 1958, delegates from the countries in Southeast Asian Peninsula attending theAsian Games in Tokyo, Japan had a meeting and agreed to establish a sports organization. The SEAP Games was conceptualized by Luang Sukhum Nayapradit, then vice-president of theThailand Olympic Committee. The proposed rationale was that a regional sports event will help promote co-operation, understanding, and relations among countries in the Southeast Asian region.

Six countries,Burma (nowMyanmar),Cambodia,Laos,Malaya (nowMalaysia),Thailand and theRepublic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) were the founding members. These countries agreed to hold the Games biennially in June 1959 and the SEAP Games Federation Committee was formed thereafter.[2]

The first SEAP Games were held inBangkok from 12 to 17 December 1959, with more than 527 athletes and officials from 6 countries;Burma (now Myanmar), Laos, Malaya,Singapore, South Vietnam andThailand participated in 12 sports.

At the 8th SEAP Games in 1975, whileSouth Vietnam was fallen and no longer existed, the SEAP Federation considered the inclusion ofBrunei,Indonesia, and thePhilippines. These countries were formally admitted in 1977, the same year when SEAP Federation changed their name to theSoutheast Asian Games Federation (SEAGF), and the games were known as theSoutheast Asian Games. The unifiedVietnam (Socialist Republic of Vietnam) returned to the games'15th edition in 1989.East Timor, one year after gaining independence from Indonesia, was admitted at the22nd SEA Games in 2003.

The2009 SEA Games was the first time Laos has ever hosted a SEA Games (Laos had previously declined to host the 1965 SEAP Games citing financial difficulties). Running from 9–18 December, it has also commemorated the 50 years of the SEA Games, held inVientiane,Laos. The2023 SEA Games, held from 5–17 May, was the first time Cambodia has ever hosted a SEA Games (Cambodia was awarded the 1963 SEAP Games, which was cancelled due to domestic political situation).

Symbol

[edit]

The Southeast Asian Games symbol was introduced during the1959 SEAP Games in Bangkok, depicting six rings that represent the six founding members and was used until the1997 edition in Jakarta. The number of rings increased to 10 during the1999 edition in Brunei to reflect the inclusion of Singapore, which was admitted into the Southeast Asian Games Federation in 1961, and Brunei, Indonesia, and the Philippines, which joined the organization in 1977. The number of rings was again increased to 11 during the2011 Games in Indonesia to reflect the federation's newest member, East Timor, which was admitted in 2003.

Participating NOCs

[edit]
NationCodeNational Olympic CommitteeCreatedDebuted
 BruneiBRUBrunei Darussalam National Olympic Council19841977
 CambodiaCAMNational Olympic Committee of Cambodia19831961
 IndonesiaINAIndonesian Olympic Committee19461977
 LaosLAONational Olympic Committee of Laos19751959
 MalaysiaMASOlympic Council of Malaysia19531959
 MyanmarMYAMyanmar Olympic Committee19471959
 PhilippinesPHIPhilippine Olympic Committee19111977
 SingaporeSGPSingapore National Olympic Council19471959
 ThailandTHANational Olympic Committee of Thailand19481959
 East TimorTLSNational Olympic Committee of Timor-Leste2003
 VietnamVIEVietnam Olympic Committee19521959[a]
  1. ^Debuted as South Vietnam, which competed from 1959–1973. North Vietnam never competed. Unified Vietnam has competed since 1989.

Timelines

[edit]
NationCodeas SEAP Gamesas SEA GamesTotal
59616365676971737577798183858789919395979901030507091113151719212325
 BruneiBRU
Cancelled
•••••••••••••••••••••••••26
 Cambodia[a]CAM•••••••••••••••••••••••23
 IndonesiaINA•••••••••••••••••••••••••26
 Laos[b]LAO••••••••••••••••••••••••••26
 Malaysia[c]MAS•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••33
 Myanmar[d]MYA•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••33
 PhilippinesPHI•••••••••••••••••••••••••26
 SingaporeSGP•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••33
 ThailandTHA•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••33
 East TimorTLSpart ofIndonesiaIndonesia••••••••••••12
 Vietnam[e]VIE••••••••••••••••••••••••••26
Total6776677477788899910101010111111111111111111111111297
  1. ^Participate as Khmer Republic (KHM) in 1971 – 1973, as People's Republic of Kampuchea (CAM) in 1983 – 1987, Never competed as Democratic Kampuchea (CAM) and State of Cambodia (CAM)
  2. ^Participate as Kingdom of Laos (LAO) in 1959 – 1973.
  3. ^Participate as Malaya (MAL) in 1959 – 1961.
  4. ^Participate as Burma (BIR) in 1959 – 1987.
  5. ^Participate as South Vietnam (VNM) in 1959 – 1973. North Vietnam never competed. Unified Vietnam has competed since 1989.

Editions

[edit]
Main article:List of SEA Games host cities


List of SEA Games
GamesYearHost citiesOpened by[a]DateSportsEventsNationsCompetitorsTop-ranked teamRef
SEAP Games
11959ThailandBangkok,ThailandKingBhumibol Adulyadej12–17 December 195912676518 Thailand (THA)[1]
21961MyanmarYangon,BurmaPresidentWin Maung11–16 December 196113867623 Burma (BIR)[2]
31965MalaysiaKuala Lumpur,MalaysiaYang di-Pertuan AgongIsmail Nasiruddin14–21 December 1965141347963 Thailand (THA)[3]
41967ThailandBangkok,ThailandKingBhumibol Adulyadej9–16 December 1967161446984[4]
51969MyanmarYangon,BurmaPrime MinisterNe Win6–13 December 196915145920 Burma (BIR)[5]
61971MalaysiaKuala Lumpur,MalaysiaYang di-Pertuan AgongAbdul Halim6–13 December 1971151567957 Thailand (THA)[6]
71973SingaporeSingaporePresidentBenjamin Sheares1–8 September 1973161611,632[7]
81975ThailandBangkok,ThailandKingBhumibol Adulyadej9–16 December 19751817241,142[8]
SEA Games
91977MalaysiaKuala Lumpur,MalaysiaYang di-Pertuan AgongYahya Petra19–26 November 1977181887N/A Indonesia (INA)[9]
101979IndonesiaJakarta,IndonesiaPresidentSoeharto21–30 September 197918226N/A[10]
111981PhilippinesManila,PhilippinesPresidentFerdinand Marcos6–15 December 198118245≈1,800[11]
121983SingaporeSingaporePresidentDevan Nair28 May – 6 June 1983182338N/A[12]
131985ThailandBangkok,ThailandKingBhumibol Adulyadej8–17 December 198518251N/A Thailand (THA)[13]
141987IndonesiaJakarta,IndonesiaPresidentSoeharto9–20 September 198726372N/A Indonesia (INA)[14]
151989MalaysiaKuala Lumpur,MalaysiaYang di-Pertuan AgongAzlan Shah20–31 August 1989243029≈2,800[15]
161991PhilippinesManila,PhilippinesPresidentCorazon Aquino24 November – 3 December 199128327N/A[16]
171993SingaporeSingaporePresidentWee Kim Wee12–20 June 199329318≈3,000[17]
181995ThailandChiang Mai,ThailandCrown PrinceVajiralongkorn[b]9–17 December 199528335103,262 Thailand (THA)[18]
191997IndonesiaJakarta,IndonesiaPresidentSoeharto11–19 October 1997364905,179 Indonesia (INA)[19]
201999BruneiBandar Seri Begawan,BruneiSultanHassanal Bolkiah7–15 August 1999212332,365 Thailand (THA)[20]
212001MalaysiaKuala Lumpur,MalaysiaYang di-Pertuan AgongSalahuddin8–17 September 2001323914,165 Malaysia (MAS)[21]
222003VietnamHanoi andHo Chi Minh City,VietnamPrime MinisterPhan Văn Khải[c]5–13 December 20033244211≈5,000 Vietnam (VIE)[22]
232005PhilippinesManila,PhilippinesPresidentGloria Macapagal Arroyo27 November – 5 December 2005404435,336 Philippines (PHI)[23]
242007ThailandNakhon Ratchasima,ThailandCrown PrinceVajiralongkorn[b]6–15 December 2007434755,282 Thailand (THA)[24]
252009LaosVientiane,LaosPresidentChoummaly Sayasone9–18 December 2009293723,100[25]
262011IndonesiaJakarta andPalembang,IndonesiaPresidentSusilo Bambang Yudhoyono11–22 November 2011445455,965 Indonesia (INA)[26]
272013MyanmarNaypyidaw,MyanmarVice PresidentNyan Tun[d]11–22 December 2013374604,730 Thailand (THA)[27]
282015SingaporeSingaporePresidentTony Tan5–16 June 2015364024,370[28]
292017MalaysiaKuala Lumpur,MalaysiaYang di-Pertuan AgongMuhammad V19–30 August 2017384044,709 Malaysia (MAS)[29]
302019PhilippinesPhilippines[e]PresidentRodrigo Duterte30 November – 11 December 2019565305,630 Philippines (PHI)[30]
312021VietnamHanoi,Vietnam[f]PresidentNguyễn Xuân Phúc12–23 May 2022405235,467 Vietnam (VIE)
322023CambodiaPhnom Penh,CambodiaPrime MinisterHun Sen[g]5–17 May 2023375806,210
332025ThailandBangkok,Chonburi, andSongkhla,ThailandKingVajiralongkorn (expected)9–20 December 202550574Future event
342027MalaysiaKuala Lumpur,Penang andSarawak,Malaysia[h]Yang di-Pertuan AgongSultan Ibrahim Iskandar (expected)Future event
352029SingaporeSingapore[5]Future event
362031Laos TBA,Laos[6]Future event
372033Philippines TBA,Philippines[6]Future event
  1. ^Names & offices initalics reflect an opener who wasnot head of state when opening the Games. If the office is partially italicized, the non-italicized portion is the office & name of the head of state being represented.
  2. ^abRepresenting his father,Bhumibol Adulyadej,King of Thailand.
  3. ^RepresentingTrần Đức Lương,President of Vietnam.
  4. ^RepresentingThein Sein,President of Myanmar.
  5. ^The 2019 SEA Games was officially decentralized. Events were held in various cities around the Philippines, mostly in theClark City, theMetro Manila region, and theSubic Bay areas, however there was no single designated host city. The games were known as "Philippines 2019".
  6. ^Many events were held in various cities over the country to give support to Hanoi, who was the main host of the event. Due to theCOVID-19 pandemic, the games were delayed to May 2022.
  7. ^RepresentingNorodom Sihamoni,King of Cambodia.
  8. ^Apart fromKuala Lumpur, two Malaysian states –Penang andSarawak – have agreed to co-host the 2027 SEA Games.[3]Sabah had also planned to co-host, but they pulled out.[4]

The 1963 SEAP Games were cancelled. As the designated host,Cambodia was unable to host the event due to instability in the country, along with a disagreement with theInternational Amateur Athletic Federation. The 3rd SEAP Games then passed toLaos as hosts, but they begged off the 1965 event citing financial difficulties.[7]In 2023, Cambodia was finally able to host the sports event for the first time at its newly built sports complex.[8]

Sports

[edit]
Main article:SEA Games sports

The SEAGF Charter and Rules mandate the minimum number of sports to be staged, with sports falling under numerous categories. Prior to 2023, a host nation must have staged a minimum of 22 sports: the two compulsory sports from Category 1 (athletics and aquatics), in addition to a minimum of 14 sports from Category 2 (Olympic and Asian Games core sports), and a maximum of 8 sports from Category 3. Each sport would not offer more than 5% of the total medal tally, except for athletics, aquatics and shooting (the shot was elevated for this category in 2013). For each sport and event to be included, a minimum of four countries must participate in it. Sports competed in theOlympic Games andAsian Games must be given priority.[2][9]

This charter was modified in 2023, with the first games with this modification in effect will be the2025 edition.[10] Each edition will have a minimum of 36 sports, composed as follows: the compulsory Category 1 now comprises two subcategories: 1A, which consists of aquatics and athletics, and 1B, a minimum of 10 Olympic sports from the Summer Olympic Games. Under Category 2, the host must include a minimum of 10 other sports from the Olympic Games (summer/winter), Asian Games, andAsian Indoor & Martial Arts Games orBeach Games. Category 3 is now capped at a maximum of four sports.[11][12]

List of SEA Games sports
Category 1Category 2Category 3
1A1BOlympic sportsAsian Games / AIMAG / ABG sportsTraditional[a]Other or ABG Sports[b]
AthleticsArchery
1977–1997, 2001–2021, 2025		Billiards and snooker
Since 1987		Arnis
1991, 2005, 2019, 2023		Aquathlon
since 2023
Diving
Since 1965		BadmintonBowling
1977–1979, 1983–2001, 2005–2007, 2011, 2015–2021, 2025		Bokator
2023		Baseball5[13]
2025
Artistic swimming
2001, 2011, 2015–2017, 2025		Baseball
2005–2007, 2011, 2019, 2025		Chess
2003–2005, 2011–2013, since 2019		Chinlone
2013		Bodybuilding
1987–1993, 1997, 2003–2007, 2013, 2021
SwimmingBasketball
1979–2003, 2007, since 2011		Cricket
2017, since 2023		Muay Thai
2005–2009, 2013, 2019–2021, 2025		Beach handball
2019–2021
Water polo
1965–2019, since 2023		BoxingDancesport
2005–2009, since 2019		Traditional boat race
1993, 1997–1999, 2003–2007, 2011–2015, since 2023		Contract bridge
2011
Canoeing
1985, 1995, 2001, 2005–2007, 2011–2015, 2019–2021, 2025		Esports
Since 2019		Kenpō
2011–2013		Duathlon
Since 2019
Cycling
1959–1979, since 1983		Finswimming
2003, 2009–2011, 2021-2023		Kun Khmer
2023		Floorball
2015, 2019, since 2023
Equestrian
1983, 1995, 2001, 2005–2007, 2011–2017, 2025		Futsal
2007, 2011–2013, 2017, 2021, 2025		Vovinam
2011–2013, 2021-2023		Lawn bowls
1999, 2001, 2005, 2007, 2017–2019
Fencing
2003–2007, 2011, since 2015		Indoor hockey
2017–2019, since 2023		Obstacle racing
2019, 2023
Field hockey
1971–1979, 1983, 1987–1989, 1993–2001, 2007, 2013–2017, since 2023		Ju-jitsu
Since 2019		Paragliding
2011, 2025 (as demonstration sport)
FootballKickboxing
Since 2019		Pétanque
Since 2001
Golf
1985–1997, 2001, since 2005		Kurash
2019–2021		Polo
2007, 2017–2019, 2025
Gymnastics
1979–1981, 1985–1997, 2001–2007, 2011, since 2015		Netball
2001, 2015–2019, 2025		Shuttle cock
2007–2009
Handball
2005–2007, 2021, 2025		Pencak silat
1987–1989, 1993–1997, since 2001		Soft tennis
2011, 2019, 2023
Judo
1967–1997, since 2001		Roller sports
2011		Waterskiing
1987, 1997, 2011, 2015–2019, 2025
Karate
1985–1991, 1995–1997, 2001–2013, since 2017		Rugby union
1969, 1977–1979, 1995, 2007
Modern pentathlon
2019, 2025		Sambo
2019
Rowing
1989–1991, 1997, 2001–2007, 2011–2015, since 2019		Sepak takraw
1967–1969, since 1973
Rugby sevens
2015–2019, 2025		Squash
1991–2001, 2005–2007, 2015–2019, 2025
Sailing
1961, 1967–1971, 1975–1977, 1983–1997, 2001, 2005–2007, 2011–2019, since 2023		Wushu
1991–1993, 1997, since 2001
Shooting
1959–2021, 2025		Xiangqi
Since 2021
Skateboarding
2019, 2025
Softball
1981–1983, 1989, 2003–2005,
2011, 2015, 2019, 2025
Sport climbing
2011, 2025
Surfing
2019, 2025
Table tennis
Taekwondo
Since 1985
Tennis
1959–2011, since 2015
Triathlon
2005–2007, since 2015
Volleyball
1959–1997, since 2001
Weightlifting
1959–1997, 2001–2013, since 2017
Wrestling
1987, 1997, 2003–2013, since 2019
Figure skating
2017–2019, 2025
Ice hockey
2017–2019, 2025
Short track speed skating
2017–2019, 2025
  1. ^Traditional or regional sports that are not part of Asian Games, Asian Indoor & Martial Arts Games or Asian Beach Games.
  2. ^Sports that previously appeared in some SEA Games editions but are not an Olympic, Asian Games, nor Asian Indoor & Martial Arts Games sport.

All-time medal table

[edit]

Corrected after balancing the data of theOlympic Council of Asia and other archived sites which had kept the previous Southeast Asian Games medal tables. Some information from the aforementioned sites are missing, incorrect and or not updated.[14][15][16][17][18][19][20]

All-time Southeast Asian Games medal table
RankNOCGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 Thailand (THA)2,4532,1272,2046,784
2 Indonesia (INA)1,9801,8761,9705,826
3 Malaysia (MAS)[1]1,3761,3631,8724,611
4 Vietnam (VIE)[2]1,2691,0971,2213,587
5 Philippines (PHI)1,1801,3461,7024,228
6 Singapore (SGP)1,0451,0901,5003,635
7 Myanmar (MYA)[3]5947841,0952,473
8 Cambodia (CAM)[4]159202425786
9 Laos (LAO)77122412611
10 Brunei (BRU)1757170244
11 Timor-Leste (TLS)393951
Totals (11 entries)10,15310,07312,61032,836
  • ^[1] Competed as Malaya in the inaugural games until 1961.
  • ^[2] The Republic of Vietnam was dissolved in July 1976 when it merged with theDemocratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) to become theSocialist Republic of Vietnam, also known as Vietnam. In the 1989 edition, a unified Vietnam rejoined the games with a new name and flag. Medals won by South Vietnam until 1975 and by Vietnam after 1989 are combined here.
  • ^[3] Competed as Burma until 1987.
  • ^[4] Competed as Kampuchea, and Khmer Republic.

List of multiple Southeast Asian Games medalists

[edit]
Main article:List of multiple Southeast Asian Games medalists

Various individuals have won multiple medals at the Games, including the preceding Southeast Asian Peninsular Games.

As of 2019, Singaporean swimmerJoscelin Yeo has won the most Southeast Asian Games medals with 55 (40 gold, 12 silver, 3 bronze). She reached this milestone during the2005 Games, overtaking the previous record of 39 gold medals set by another Singaporean swimmer,Patricia Chan.

Criticism

[edit]

One unique characteristic of the event is that there are no official limits to the number of sports and events to be contested, and the range can be decided by the organizing host pending approval by the Southeast Asian Games Federation. This has seen as many as 50 to 56 sports for the2025 and2019 editions, respectively. Aside from mandatory sports, the host is free to drop or introduce other sports or events (SeeSEA Games sports).[21] This leeway has resulted in hosts maximizing their medal hauls by dropping sports disadvantageous to themselves relative to their peers and the introduction of obscure sports, often at short notice, thus preventing most other nations from building credible opponents.[22][23][24] Several nations have called for amending the charter of the games to address the issue.[25][26] In 2023, the SEA Games charter was modified in an effort to make the number of sports in each edition more standardized, reducing the host's leeway to remove several sports, maximize medal hauls by introducing obscure local sports, and tamper with the competition's rules.[11][27]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Games page of the website of theOlympic Council of Asia;Archived 2010-12-11 at theWayback Machine; retrieved 2010-07-09.
  2. ^ab"South East Asian Games Federation: Charter and Rules"(PDF). SEAGF. 30 May 2010.Archived(PDF) from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved30 December 2015.
  3. ^"2027 SEA Games: Cost of organising estimated at RM700 mln, S'wak agrees to cover half, says Hannah".The Borneo Post. 29 August 2024. Retrieved29 August 2024.
  4. ^"Sabah withdraws from co-hosting 2027 SEA Games, Parliament told".Malay Mail. 22 October 2024. Retrieved22 October 2024.
  5. ^"Singapore to host 2029 SEA Games". Retrieved12 May 2022.
  6. ^abCua, Aric John Sy (13 July 2022)."PH to host SEA Games in 2033".The Manila Times. Retrieved13 July 2022.
  7. ^"History of the SEA Games".www.olympic.org.my. Archived fromthe original on 17 December 2004. Retrieved26 February 2013.
  8. ^"Cambodia celebrates success in first-time hosting of SEA Games - Khmer Times". 18 November 2023. Retrieved3 July 2024.
  9. ^Ian De Cotta (5 June 2015)."A cool addition to the SEA Games". Today Online. Archived fromthe original on 20 June 2015. Retrieved5 June 2015.
  10. ^Navarro, June (17 May 2023)."Bambol assurance: Drastic reduction of indigenous games in next SEA Games calendar".INQUIRER.net. Retrieved19 May 2023.
  11. ^abLee, David (17 May 2023)."SEA Games sports programme to be standardised from 2025 to 2029".The Straits Times.ISSN 0585-3923. Retrieved19 May 2023.
  12. ^"ยกเครื่องซีเกมส์! เลิกเน้นกีฬาพื้นบ้าน-เริ่มที่ไทยหนหน้า" [Overhaul the SEA Games! Stop focusing on local sports – start in Thailand next].Naewna (in Thai). 5 May 2023. Retrieved19 May 2023.
  13. ^"Men's Baseball, Men's and Women's Softball and Baseball5 to feature in 2025 South East Asian Games".World Baseball Softball Confederation. Retrieved22 October 2024.
  14. ^"South East Asian Games Medal Count". Archived fromthe original on 3 September 2017. Retrieved31 August 2017.
  15. ^SEAP Games Federation[usurped]
  16. ^Medal Tally 1959-1995
  17. ^Medal Tally
  18. ^History of the SEA Games
  19. ^SEA Games previous medal table
  20. ^SEA Games members[usurped]
  21. ^Pattharapong Rattanasevee (21 July 2017)."Southeast Asian Games yet to win gold for sporting spirit".South China Morning Post.Archived from the original on 4 August 2017.
  22. ^Mariadass, Tony (24 November 2019)."Sea Games morphing into a monster-cum-circus".New Straits Times. Retrieved19 May 2023.
  23. ^Mariadass, Tony."Sea Games reduced to a carnival".Free Malaysia Today. Retrieved19 May 2023.
  24. ^"The SEA Games Contain the Seeds of Their Own Irrelevance".thediplomat.com. Retrieved19 May 2023.
  25. ^"Indonesian NOC calls for amendment to Southeast Asian Games Federation Charter on sports programme".Inside the Games. 20 September 2022. Retrieved16 May 2023.
  26. ^""พลตรีจารึก" เตรียมเสนอปรับธรรมนูญสหพันธ์กีฬาซีเกมส์".Thai PBS (in Thai). 13 March 2013. Retrieved19 May 2023.
  27. ^Henson, Joaquin."Bambol reveals new SEA Games order".Philstar.com. Retrieved19 May 2023.

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